Tropical cyclones in 2024

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Tropical cyclones in 2024
Year boundaries
First systemAnggrek
FormedJanuary 10, 2024
Strongest system
NameDjoungou
Lowest pressure922 mbar (hPa); 27.23 inHg
Longest lasting system
Name05F
Duration29 days
Year statistics
Total systems27
Named systems16
Total fatalities27 total
Total damageUnknown
Related articles
Other years
2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026
Satellite photo of the five tropical cyclones worldwide that reached at least Category 3 on the Saffir–Simpson scale during 2024, from Anggrek in January to Olga in April. Among them, Djoungou was the most intense with a minimum central pressure of 922 hPa.

In 2024, tropical cyclones will form in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as tropical cyclone basins. Tropical cyclones will be named by various weather agencies when they attain maximum sustained winds of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). So far, twenty-four systems have formed, with fourteen of them being named. The most intense storm of the year so far is Djoungou, with a minimum pressure of 922 hPa (27.23 inHg). Among this year's systems, so far, five have intensified into major tropical cyclones, with no tropical cyclones intensifying into Category 5 tropical cyclones on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS). The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2024 (seven basins combined) so far, as calculated by Colorado State University (CSU), is 113.3 units overall.

Tropical cyclones are primarily monitored by ten warning centers around the world, which are designated as a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These centers are: National Hurricane Center (NHC), Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Météo-France (MFR), Indonesia's Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service (PNGNWS), Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), and New Zealand's MetService. Unofficial, but still notable, warning centers include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA; albeit official within the Philippines), the United States's Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center.

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions[edit]

After the New Year, the MJO's amplitude weakened, with its eastward propagation slowing down due to the positive phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and an equatorial Rossby wave. Despite that, the MJO briefly caused El Niño-like wind anomalies to become easterly at the Date Line. There was also a significant increase in convection across the eastern Indian Ocean in January as the Dipole began weakening.[1] However, in the middle of January, the MJO began steadily intensifying, enhancing convection across the Maritime Continent. Despite that, intra-seasonal activity persevered,[2] although the MJO produced convection in the Western Pacific.[3] In Australia, the monsoonal trough's arrival was delayed until January 10, possibly due to the El Niño event.[4] On April 16, the dominant El Nino event ended.[5]

Summary[edit]

Cyclone KirrilyTropical Storm Alvarotropical cyclone basins

North Atlantic Ocean[edit]

Main article: 2024 Atlantic hurricane season

Eastern & Central Pacific Oceans[edit]

Main article: 2024 Pacific hurricane season

Western Pacific Ocean[edit]

Main article: 2024 Pacific typhoon season

North Indian Ocean[edit]

Main article: 2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

South-West Indian Ocean[edit]

January - June[edit]

Main article: 2023–24 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

The first system of the season, Tropical Storm Alvaro, formed on December 30, 2023 and persisted into 2024. Before becoming post-tropical on January 3,[6] it made landfall in Morombe District, Madagascar,[7] killing nineteen people. After a brief lull in activity, Tropical Cyclone Belal formed on January 11.[8] severely affecting Mauritius and Réunion, with the latter suffering the brunt of the storm, causing six deaths in the process.[9][10] On January 22, Moderate Tropical Storm Candice formed.[11] Eight days later, Tropical Depression 05 formed.[12]

Australian Region[edit]

January - June[edit]

Main article: 2023–24 Australian region cyclone season

After a brief lull in activity, Tropical Cyclone Anggrek would form northwest of the Cocos Islands on January 10.[13] The next day, Tropical Low 03U would form in the southern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf.[14] The day after that, Tropical Cyclone Kirrily would form.[15] On 30 January, Subtropical Low 06U formed.

South Pacific Ocean[edit]

January - June[edit]

Main article: 2023–24 South Pacific cyclone season

After a significant lull in activity, Tropical Disturbance 04F formed on January 25 and dissipated the next day.[16] On February 1, 06U entered the South Pacific basin and was designated 05F by the FMS.[17] After the system exited to the Australian region and struggled against moderate wind shear, 05F re-entered on February 7 and JTWC designated it tropical storm 12P.[18] On February 3, the FMS designated 06F and was later named Nat on February 5. The FMS upgraded Nat to a Category 2 tropical cyclone the next day before wind shear led to the system's demise.[19] Simultaneously, Tropical Disturbance 07F formed on February 5 before dissipating.[20] 08F quickly developed and the FMS named Osai on February 7 before an increase in wind shear caused the storm to dissipate.[21] On February 11, 09F developed and was short-lived due to high wind shear. On February 14, the FMS designated 10F and soon the JTWC initiated advisories on Tropical Cyclone 15P. However, 10F was short-lived due to increasing wind shear.[22]

South Atlantic Ocean[edit]

Main article: South Atlantic tropical cyclone

On February 16, the CHM stated that a subtropical depression had formed in the Rio de Janeiro basin.[23] Two days later, the cyclone acquired tropical characteristics and became a tropical depression. In the early hours of 19 February, the depression developed into a tropical storm, thus receiving the name Akará.

Systems[edit]

January[edit]

Cyclone Anggrek

January was slightly active featuring eight systems forming with four of them being named.[24] Tropical Storm Alvaro from the South-West Indian Ocean persisted into 2024 and made landfall in Madagascar, killing nineteen and causing some damages. Cyclone Belal affected Reunion and Mauritius, causing six fatalities. In the Australian region, Cyclone Kirrily affected Queensland while Cyclone Anggrek formed in the basin, entered the South-West Indian Ocean on January 25, and became a Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone on January 28, making it the strongest storm of the month, as well as the first major tropical cyclone of the year.

Tropical cyclones formed in January 2024
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Anggrek January 10–30 185 (115) 950 None None None
03U January 11–23 Un­known 991 Northern Territory, Western Australia None None
Belal January 11–18 140 (85) 969 Mascarene Islands Unknown 6 [25][26]
Kirrily January 12–February 5 120 (75) 978 Queensland, Northern Territory, South Australia, New South Wales Unknown None
Candice January 23–27 95 (60) 985 Mauritius None None
04F January 25–26 Un­known 1002 None None None
05 January 30–February 10 55 (35) 999 None None None
05F January 30–February 28 55 (35) 996 New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji None None

February[edit]

Cyclone Djoungou

February was above-average, featuring nine systems with six of them being named.[27] In the South Pacific, Cyclones Nat and Osai affected Samoa, with the former peaking as a Category 2 tropical cyclone before dissipating on February 10. In the South-West Indian ocean, Cyclone Djoungou is the strongest system this month. Cyclone Eleanor affected sparsely over the Mascarene Islands. In the South Atlantic, Tropical Storm Akará affected Southern Brazil. In the Australian region, Cyclone Lincoln crossed through the Northern Territory inland just after making landfall in that particular area.

Tropical cyclones formed in February 2024
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Nat February 3–10 95 (60) 985 Samoa, American Samoa, Southern Cook Islands, French Polynesia None None
07F February 5–8 Un­known 1002 French Polynesia None None
Osai February 6–12 85 (50) 991 Samoa, American Samoa, Southern Cook Islands None None
09F February 11–13 Un­known 1004 French Polynesia None None
10F February 14–17 55 (35) 995 None None None
Lincoln February 13–25 75 (45) 993 Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia None None
Djoungou February 13–19 215 (130) 922 None None None
Akará February 16–22 85 (50) 994 Southern Brazil None None
Eleanor February 17–24 100 (65) 984 Mauritius, Réunion None None

March[edit]

Cyclone Neville

March was near-average, featuring seven systems, with four of which have been named. The month began in the South-West Indian Ocean with Tropical Storm Filipo, which recently affected Madagascar and Mozambique as a severe tropical storm. On the other side of the basin, Cyclone Megan made landfall in Borroloola, Australia just after reaching its peak as a Category-3 cyclone, bringing destructive winds and heavy rain in the area. Cyclone Neville, is the strongest tropical cyclone so far in this month. Before the end of the month, Cyclone Gamane made landfall in the northeastern tip of Madagascar as a Category-2 cyclone before it dissipated on March 28.

Tropical cyclones formed in March 2024
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Filipo March 2–14 100 (65) 989 Madagascar, Mayotte, Mozambique, Eswatini, South Africa Unknown 2
Neville March 4–24 175 (110) 952 Cocos Islands, Christmas Island None None
11F March 8–15 65 (40) 1000 Vanuatu None None
Megan March 13–21 140 (85) 967 Northern Territory, Queensland None None
10U March 14 Un­known 1003 Cape York Peninsula None None
12F March 19–20 Un­known 1005 None None None
Gamane March 25–28 150 (90) 970 Madagascar Unknown 19

April[edit]

Cyclone Olga

So far in April, three systems have formed, with two of them has been named. The month started with Cyclone Olga, which formed over the open waters of Western Australia and peaked as a Category 4-equivalent major cyclone as it remains over the Indian Ocean. Shortly after Olga degenerated into a tropical low, short-lived Cyclone Paul would also form in the Coral Sea. 12U formed on April 12 and dissipated 2 days later.

Tropical cyclones formed in April 2024
Storm name Dates Active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Olga April 3–11 205 (125) 933 Lesser Sunda Islands, Western Australia None None
Paul April 10–13 95 (60) 991 None None None
12U April 12–14 Un­known 1006 Lesser Sunda Islands, East Timor None None

Global effects[edit]

There are a total of seven tropical cyclone basins that tropical cyclones typically form in. In this table, data from all these basins are added. [28]

Season name Areas affected Systems formed Named storms Hurricane-force
tropical cyclones 		Damage
(2024 USD) 		Deaths Ref
North Atlantic Ocean[a] — — — — Un­known —
Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean[a] — — — — Un­known —
Western Pacific Ocean[b] — — — — Un­known —
North Indian Ocean[c] — — — — Un­known —
South-West Indian Ocean January – June[d][e] Mascarene Islands, Mauritius, Réunion, Madagascar, Mayotte, Mozambique, Eswatini, South Africa 7 6 4 Un­known 27
July – December[b] — — — — Un­known —
Australian region January – June[d] Northern Territory, Western Australia, Queensland, South Australia, New South Wales, Cocos Islands, Christmas Island, Cape York Peninsula, Lesser Sunda Islands 10 7 5 $675 million —
July – December[b] — — — — Un­known —
South Pacific Ocean January – June[d] Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Samoa, American Samoa, Southern Cook Islands, French Polynesia 12 4 1 Un­known 2
July – December[b] — — — — Un­known —
South Atlantic Ocean Rio de Janeiro 1 1 — — —
Worldwide (See above) 26[f] 16 9 $675 million 29
  1. ^ a b The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
  2. ^ a b c d Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 2024 are counted in the seasonal totals.
  3. ^ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
  4. ^ a b c Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 2024 are counted in the seasonal totals.
  5. ^ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France, which uses wind gusts.
  6. ^ The sum of the number of systems in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/14)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-14. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
  2. ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/17)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  3. ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/23)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-24. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  4. ^ "Tropical Climate Update". Bureau of Meteorology. January 16, 2024. Archived from the original on January 22, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.
  5. ^ bbc.com/news/science-environment-68826152
  6. ^ Post-Tropical Depression 01 (Alvaro) Warning Number (20/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  7. ^ Bulletin Cyclonique Special du 01 Janvier 2024 a 20 heures locales (Report) (in French). Météo Madagascar. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  8. ^ "TC Map". January 11, 2024. Archived from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  9. ^ "One dead as storm hits French Indian Ocean island". Yahoo News. 2024-01-15. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
  10. ^ "Mauritius and Reunion assess damage from Indian Ocean cyclone that killed at least 4 people". AP News. 2024-01-16. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  11. ^ "CYCLONE et ACTIVITE CYCLONIQUE par Météo-France La Réunion". Meteo-France. 2024-01-22. Archived from the original on 2024-01-22. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
  12. ^ "CYCLONE et ACTIVITE CYCLONIQUE par Météo-France La Réunion". Meteo-France. 2024-01-30. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  13. ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 11:54 pm UTC 10 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 10 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  14. ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 08:36 am UTC. 11 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  15. ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 12:16 am UTC 12 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary For area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W". Fiji Meteorological Service. 2024-01-25. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
  17. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary For area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W ISSUED FROM RSMC NADI Feb 02 00:30 UTC". www.met.gov.fj. February 2, 2024. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  18. ^ Tropical Cyclone 12P (Twelve) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 8 February 2024. Archived from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  19. ^ Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A7 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. February 6, 2024. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
  20. ^ Tropical Disturbance Summary February 5, 2024 10z (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. February 6, 2024. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
  21. ^ "NWPS01 NFFN 071200". www.met.gov.fj. February 7, 2024. Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
  22. ^ Tropical Cyclone 15P (Firteen) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 15 February 2024. Archived from the original on February 15, 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024. Alt URL
  23. ^ "Hidrografia da Marinha - Special Warning". 16 February 2024.
  24. ^ NCEI.Monitoring.Info@noaa.gov. "January 2024 Tropical Cyclones Report | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)". www.ncei.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  25. ^ "One dead as storm hits French Indian Ocean island". Yahoo News. 15 January 2024. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  26. ^ "Mauritius and Reunion assess damage from Indian Ocean cyclone that killed at least 4 people". Associated Press News. 16 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  27. ^ NCEI.Monitoring.Info@noaa.gov. "February 2024 Tropical Cyclones Report | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)". www.ncei.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  28. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential Seven Basins". NOAA. Retrieved 20 October 2021.

External links[edit]

Tropical cyclone year articles (2020–present)
2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, Post-2024

Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers

Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers

Other Warning Centres

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