User talk:Clayoquot/sandbox

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Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit global warming and its related effects. Climate change is mostly caused by the greenhouse gases that are released when burning coal, oil, and gas.[1] Fossil fuel use can be reduced through energy conservation and by switching to clean energy sources. Wind power and solar photovoltaics (PV) are increasingly becoming cheaper than fossil fuels,[2] though these require energy storage and improved electrical grids. As low-emission energy is deployed at large scale, transport and heating can shift to these mostly electric sources.[3]

Climate change may also be mitigated by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, forest-management (by reforestation and preservation), waste management, buildings, and industrial systems.[4] Methane emissions, which have a high short-term impact, can be targeted by reductions in dairy products and meat consumption.[5][6] In addition to reducing emissions, expensive technologies can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, climate engineering may be needed to reduce heating of the atmosphere, and adaptation will be needed to adjust to climate change.[7]

Global greenhouse gas emission scenarios, based on policies and pledges as of 11/21

Almost all countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).[8][9][10] The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system.[11] In 2010, parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.[12] With the Paris Agreement of 2015, this was confirmed.[13]

Current policies are estimated to produce global warming of about 2.7 °C by 2100,[14] well above the 2 °C goal.[15][16] Political and economic responses to date include forms of carbon pricing by carbon taxes and carbon emission trading, reductions of fossil fuel subsidies, making national promises and laws, clean energy subsidies, simplified regulations for the integration of low-carbon energy, and divestment from fossil fuel finance. Clayoquot (talk | contribs) 00:19, 10 November 2022 (UTC)[reply]

  1. ^ Olivier & Peters 2020, p. 12
  2. ^ "Falling Renewable Power Costs Open Door to Greater Climate Ambition". IRENA. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  3. ^ Ram et al. 2019, p. 1
  4. ^ IPCC AR4 WG3 SPM 2007, p. 10
  5. ^ Pérez-Domínguez, Ignacio; del Prado, Agustin; Mittenzwei, Klaus; Hristov, Jordan; Frank, Stefan; Tabeau, Andrzej; Witzke, Peter; Havlik, Petr; van Meijl, Hans; Lynch, John; Stehfest, Elke (December 2021). "Short- and long-term warming effects of methane may affect the cost-effectiveness of mitigation policies and benefits of low-meat diets". Nature Food. 2 (12): 970–980. doi:10.1038/s43016-021-00385-8. ISSN 2662-1355. PMC 7612339. PMID 35146439.
  6. ^ Franziska Funke; Linus Mattauch; Inge van den Bijgaart; H. Charles J. Godfray; Cameron Hepburn; David Klenert; Marco Springmann; Nicolas Treich (19 July 2022). "Toward Optimal Meat Pricing: Is It Time to Tax Meat Consumption?". Review of Environmental Economics and Policy. 16 (2): 000. doi:10.1086/721078. S2CID 250721559. Retrieved 13 August 2022. animal-based agriculture and feed crop production account for approximately 83 percent of agricultural land globally and are responsible for approximately 67 percent of deforestation (Poore and Nemecek 2018). This makes livestock farming the single largest driver of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, nutrient pollution, and ecosystem loss in the agricultural sector. A failure to mitigate GHG emissions from the food system, especially animal-based agriculture, could prevent the world from meeting the climate objective of limiting global warming to 1.5°C, as set forth in the Paris Climate Agreement, and complicate the path to limiting climate change to well below 2°C of warming (Clark et al. 2020).
  7. ^ "Responding to Climate Change". NASA. 21 December 2020. Archived from the original on 4 January 2021.
  8. ^ UNFCCC (5 March 2013). "Introduction to the Convention". UNFCCC.
  9. ^ "UN Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC". IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  10. ^ "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | United Nations Secretary-General". www.un.org. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  11. ^ UNFCCC (2002). "Full Text of the Convention, Article 2: Objectives". UNFCCC.
  12. ^ UNFCCC. Conference of the Parties (COP) (15 March 2011). "Report of the Conference of the Parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010. Addendum. Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its sixteenth session" (PDF). Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations., p. 3, paragraph 4. Document available in UN languages and text format.
  13. ^ "Paris Agreement" (PDF). unfccc.org. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  14. ^ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max; Rosado, Pablo (11 May 2020). "CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Our World in Data. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  15. ^ Harvey, Fiona (26 November 2019). "UN calls for push to cut greenhouse gas levels to avoid climate chaos". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
  16. ^ "Cut Global Emissions by 7.6 Percent Every Year for Next Decade to Meet 1.5°C Paris Target – UN Report". United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
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