User:Ynizcw/sandbox

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Legacy[edit]

This portrait, c. 1581, is at the National Portrait Gallery, London
Bronze statue in Tavistock, in the parish of which he was born, by Joseph Boehm, 1883

Historical sources on Drake's early life are scarce, and tend to be obscure.[1][2] Two common scholarly traditions concerning his life and contributions have resulted.[3] The older tradition can be found in Julian Corbett's biography, Drake and the Tudor Navy (1898) which identifies Drake as the single most important figure in the founding and triumph of the British navy.[4] The alternative approach locates Drake squarely within privateering. The first has tended to laud only his successes, while Sugden writes that the second approach, which emphasises his flaws and failures, has sometimes been less than just.[5] Drake left behind no words of his own, only his actions and their interpretation which, as Peter Whitfield says, "is open to deep disagreement". According to Whitfield, scholarship on Drake has moved "from the hero worship of the Victorians to the cold iconoclasm" of the twenty-first century.[6]

There are various places in the United Kingdom named after him, especially in Plymouth, Devon. Places there carrying his name include Drake's Island, Drake Circus Shopping Centre, and the Royal Navy base HMNB Devonport (also known as "HMS Drake").[7] Plymouth Hoe is also home to a statue of Drake.[8] The Sir Francis Drake Channel is located in the British Virgin Islands.[9]

Various mountains in British Columbia were named in the 1930s for Drake, or in connection with Elizabeth I or other figures of that era, including Mount Sir Francis Drake, Mount Queen Bess, and the Golden Hinde, the highest mountain on Vancouver Island. Fringe theorists suggest he may also have landed to the north of the usual site considered to be Nova Albion – among them Canadian Samuel Bawlf, who claims that its true location was on Vancouver Island at latitude 50 degrees north.[10]

Several landmarks in northern California were named after Drake, beginning in the late 19th century and continuing into the 20th century. American historian Richard White posits that the origins of these commemorations to nineteenth-century Anglo-Saxonism.[11] Public scrutiny of these memorials intensified in 2020 after the protests drew critical attention to place names and monuments perceived to be connected to white supremacy, colonialism, or racial injustice. Several California landmarks that commemorated Drake were removed or renamed. Citing Drake's associations with the transatlantic slave trade, colonialism and piracy,[12][13] Sir Francis Drake High School, in San Anselmo, California, changed its name to Archie Williams High School, after former teacher and Olympic athlete Archie Williams. A statue of Drake in Larkspur, California was also removed by the city authorities.[14][15] Multiple jurisdictions in Marin County considered renaming Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, one of its major thoroughfares, but left the name intact when they failed to reach a consensus.[16] In San Francisco, the Sir Francis Drake Hotel was renamed the Beacon Grand Hotel.[17]

Drake's will was the focus of an extensive confidence scam which Oscar Hartzell perpetrated in the 1920s and 1930s.[18]

Drake's Drum has become an icon of English folklore with its variation of the classic king asleep in mountain story motif.

Drake was a major focus in the video game series Uncharted, specifically its first and third instalments, Uncharted: Drake's Fortune and Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception, respectively. The series follows Nathan Drake, a self-proclaimed descendant of Drake who retraces his ancestor's voyages.[19]

Drake was the subject of a TV series, Sir Francis Drake (1961–1962). Terence Morgan played Drake in the 26-episode adventure drama.

In Valparaíso, Chile, folklore associates a cave known as Cueva del Pirata (lit. "Cave of the Pirate") with Francis Drake. A legend says that when Drake ransacked the port, he was disappointed with the scant plunder, and proceeded to enter the churches in fury to sack them and urinate on the chalices. Supposedly he still found the plunder to be not worth enough to take on board his galleon, and hid it in the cave.[20]

  1. ^ Kelsey 2000, p. 11.
  2. ^ Whitfield 2004, p. 13.
  3. ^ Sugden 2012, p. xiii.
  4. ^ Corbett 1898, p. 440.
  5. ^ Sugden 2012, p. xiv.
  6. ^ Whitfield 2004, pp. 8–9.
  7. ^ "HMNB Devonport". Royal Navy. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  8. ^ Kendall, Paul (2022). Queen Elizabeth I: Life and Legacy of the Virgin Queen. Frontline Books. pp. 204–205. ISBN 978-1399018388.
  9. ^ Sailing Directions (enroute) for the Caribbean Sea. United States Department of Defense, Defense Mapping Agency, Hydrographic/Topographic Center. 1976. p. 158.
  10. ^ Bawlf 2003, p. 228.
  11. ^ White 2020.
  12. ^ Brenner, Keri (9 May 2021). "Marin panel taps Olympic gold medallist, Tuskegee Airman Archie Williams for new high school name". The Mercury News. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  13. ^ "Communication to Community". Google Docs. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  14. ^ Morotti, Lorenzo. "Drake sculpture, school signs removed ahead of protest". Marin Independent Journal. San Rafael, CA. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  15. ^ Freedman, Wayne (11 June 2020). "Movement underway to erase Sir Francis Drake namesake, sculpture from Marin County". ABC 7 News. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  16. ^ Guth, Anna (10 March 2021). "Supes to keep Francis Drake road name". Point Reyes Light. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  17. ^ Dowd, Katie (21 February 2022). "San Francisco's iconic Sir Francis Drake Hotel permanently changes name". SFGate. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  18. ^ Rayner, Richard (22 April 2002). "The Admiral and the Con Man". The New Yorker. p. 150.
  19. ^ Husein, Baker (20 February 2022). "Uncharted: Nate's Francis Drake Link Explained (& How It Sets Up A Sequel)". Screen Rant.
  20. ^ Montecino Aguirre, Sonia (2015). Mitos de Chile: Enciclopedia de seres, apariciones y encantos (in Spanish). Catalonia. p. 279. ISBN 978-9563243758. In the same port is the Pirate's Cave. It is said that when the pirate Francis Drake attacked Valparaíso all its inhabitants were forewarned and had fled to the hills, taking with them the most valuable things, so the pirate found only trinkets in the city. Furious, he went through the houses taking trinkets and entered the churches taking the chalices, in which he spat and urinated. Gathering all the loot, he decided that it was not worth using the space in his galleons to carry it and looked for a place to hide it. Others point out, on the contrary, that the treasure was so great that he decided to hide it in a cave. Whatever the nature of the booty, it is said that Drake decided to hide it in one of the hidden caverns on the coast of Valparaíso, which was difficult to access.
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