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Drama and theatre

Some forms of theatre with rich traditions are the Bidesia, Reshma-Chuharmal, Bihula-Bisahari, Bahura-Gorin, Raja Salhesh, Sama Chakeva, and Dom Kach. These theatre forms originate in the Anga region of Bihar.

Theatre activities were very amateurish till 1960. Modern Hindi Theatre movement also started in Bihar. Satish Anand, talented versatile actor and Director, is the maker of Modern Hindi theatre in Bihar. He is known as trend setter in contemporary modern Indian theatre. Satish Anand established the theatre group Kala Sangam at Patna in 1962.

The production of Adhe-Adhure in 1973 was considered a great happening in History of the cultural field of Bihar. This incidence was considered as Renaissance of theatre in Bihar. Kala Sangam always preferred to take up Socio-Political-Economic issues in its plays.

The quality and class of Kala Sangam’s play-productions established Kala Sangam as pioneer of Hindi theatre of Bihar and leading theatre groups of India. Patna became the one of the most active-theatre center of India in 70's, 80's & 90’s. The outstanding and high class play production of Kala Sangam directed and designed by Satish Anand put Bihar on national theatre map. Eminent theatre critic Dhyneshwar Nadkarni, after watching the plays of Kala Sangam in 1979 wrote in Economic Times with this heading “ Small Town Stalwarts”. People started accepting that Kala Sangam gave a new face to Theatre of Bihar.

Satish Anand introduced Street Theatre in Bihar during J. P Movement in 1975. Kalakar Sangharsh Samitee was formed under novelist Phanishwarnath "Renu" and revolutionary Hindi Poet Baba Nagarjun.

Kala Sangam first time presented its Street Theatre, Badal Sircar, under the direction of Satish Anand. The production of Kala Sangam on street corners, parks and road sides created a history in Patna. Kala Sangam had presented 108 shows of Juloos in Patna and outside Bihar. A large number of audience used to assemble at performing corners and enjoy the performances. Success of the Juloos created large number of theatre audience in Patna. Success of ‘Juloos” had also motivated and inspired many political parties to start or form their cultural groups to perform street plays. IPTA, Patna was revived in 1979 and started its dramatic activities under director Kasim Khursheed.

Kala Sangam organized its first theatre festival and first all India theatre Seminar in 1978. Kala Sangam presented its five plays, Andha Yug, Ashadh Ka Ek Din, Lahron Ke Rajhans, Ballabhpur Ki Roopkatha & Singhasan Khali Hai.

In the early 19th and 20th centuries there were many Launda Naach Parties in Bihar. Bhikhari Thakur also had a Naach Party (Launda Naach) in Kutub Pur, North Bihar, He had many Laundas (male dancers in female costumes and makeup using vulgar, obscene gestures with dancing body movements to entertain the villagers who didn’t have the access to other mediums of entertainment.) Bhikhari Thakur with his Naach party used to travel to remote area of north and central Bihar to perform its Naachs. Skits or Short plays were also staged in these Naachs. Bidesia was his play. Bhikhari Thakur interpreted Bidesia, as “a person who has left his home and his dependents to earn his livelihood in far-off places like Dhaka, Calcutta (now Kolkata) etc.

In 1984 Satish Anand had evolved a new theatre idiom 'Bidesia Style' for Modern Indian theatre by using indigenous traditional folk theatre elements of Bihar.

Bihar is a land of many types of folk dances which manifest its rich traditions and ethnic identity. Some popular folk dances are: sohrai nach, dhobi nach, manjhi, jhumarnach, gondnach, more morni, jitiyanach, dom-domin, bhuiababa, kathghorwa nach, rah baba, jat jatin, bamar nach, jharni, jhijhia, launda nach, natua nach, bidapad nach, and gond nach.

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