User:IvanScrooge98/sandbox/Emilian-Romagnol IPA

Consonants^[1]
IPA				Examples	English approximation
b				barbutlêr, lâber	bounce
d				dimónndi, quadēren	dance
dz^[2]				ónngia, gêra, dṡdétta	dress
dz^[2]		ð		żôbia	dress or then
dz^[2]	z^[2]			żåuven, żâl, żnêr	dress, between seize and seizure, or then
z^[2]				żtêr	between seize and seizure, or then
z^[2]		z^[2]		aṡà, scuṡêr, ṡvedaiṡ	between seize and seizure
f				fidózzia, sfrîṡ	fancy
ɡ				ghêṡg, żuglén	gas
k				cardänza, alchêr, qualónc	scald
l				limalén	less
ʎ				viżégglia, al gnôc	trillion
m				mumiêr, nómm	mess
ɱ^[3]				cunfêt	triumph
n^[3]				scrâna, mândga, cróṅna	nest
n		ŋ	n	cróṅna	thing or nest
ŋ	ŋ^[3]			pinån, ganba	thing
∅^[4]	ŋ^[3]			dänt, diavlén	thing or silent
ɲ				Bulåggna, Germâgna	vineyard
p				pdôć, grópp	Spencer
ʁ ʀ	r			rànnder, curtêl	trilled r or Northumbrian burr
s^[2]		s^[2]		Sasōl, scusêr, pass	between press and pressure
s^[2]		θ		zénc, Piaṡänza	between press and pressure, or thin
ts^[2]	s^[2]			zassta, arzàvver	stress, between press and pressure, or thin
ts^[2]				znêr	stress or thin
ts^[2]				cucêr, cîṡa, dscårrer	stress
t				tetôja, mât	stance
v^[5]				tvâja, ōv, Mântva	verse

Semivowels^[1]
IPA				Examples	English approximation
j				supiêr, fiûr, marâja	yet
w	v	w	v	quarcén, ridéccuel^[5]	wet or vet

Vowels^[6]
IPA				Examples	English approximation
Short vowels
a ɐ^[7]				maravajja	bad (Scotland)
ɛ	a		ɛ	laggn, maravajja^[8]	bad (Scotland) or bet
ə	ɛ	a	ɛ	spass, dialàtt^[8]
ɐ	e		ɐ	pêder
e				brevàtt	bait
əi̯	ɛi̯	æ	e	sänper^[8]	bite (Scotland), bait or bad
əi̯	ɛi̯	e		galéṅna^[8]	bite (Scotland), bait or bad
e	ɛ	ɛː		pêl, lêt^[8]	bait, bet or bear (RP)
iː	e		iː	rédder, artéccol^[8]	bait or beet
i				mistēri	bit
ɔ	ɔ	ɔː	ɔ	riṡôt^[8]	cloth
	ɔu̯	ʌ	oː^[9]	pizån, curåṅna^[8]	bowl, bud or ball
	a		o	månd^[8]	bowl, bud or ball
u	a		o	påzz, dåǵǵ^[8]	book, bud or ball (RP)
øi̯	o		oː^[9]	upurtón^[8]	bite (Scotland) or ball (RP)
u			u	péccol	book or ball (RP)
y			u	zóggn, brótt	book or ball (RP)
y	u			zucarén, butîr	book
u	u			uṡêl, pruvêr	book
Long vowels^[8]
a	aː		a	curâǵ	bad (Scotland)
æː	ɛː^[9]			burdêl, lumêga	bad or bear (RP)
eː	eː	ai̯	eː^[9]	raigla, franzaiṡ	bait or bite
eː	ɛi̯	ai̯	eː^[9]	vair, pail	bait or bite
eː		iː		manîra	beet or bait
iː			eː^[9]	sîra, lîber	beet or bait
ɔː		oː	ɔː^[9]	Żōrż, ōr	ball
øː	oː		ɔː^[9]	nōv, sōra	bird (RP) or ball
øː	oː		oː^[9]	fiōl	bird (RP) or ball
uː	oː ɔu̯	ʌu̯	oː^[9]	anvåud, såul, såura	booty, bone or ball (RP)
yː	uː			angûria, mnûd	beauty or booty

Suprasegmentals
IPA				Examples	Explanation
ˈ				raṡån [rɐˈzʌŋː]	primary stress
ˌ				levapiât [ˌlɛvɐˈpjaːt]	secondary stress
.				riasónt [ri.ɐˈsoŋːt]	syllable break
ː				insónni [iŋˈsonːi]	geminated consonant^[1]

Notes[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c Consonant and semivowel lengthening (occurring in certain dialects after stressed short vowels) is represented in IPA by either doubling the consonant or through the ⟨ː⟩ marker (e.g. cràdder [ˈkradder]/[ˈkradːer]).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l /dz/, /z/, /ts/, /s/ are most commonly [dð̠], [ð̠]~[ʐ], [tθ̠], [θ̠]~[ʂ], often with labialization.
^ ^a ^b ^c As in most Northern Italian languages, Emilian-Romagnol nasals do not generally assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant, differently from what happens in standard Italian. [ŋ] is used in all nasal plus consonant clusters, with the only exceptions being [ɱ] before /f/~/v/ and (only in a few cases) [n̪] before dentals /t/~/d/ (here transcribed ⟨n⟩ for simplicity).
^ In Piacentino, /ŋ/ is silent in syllable coda after [əi̯].
^ ^a ^b /v/ is realized as [bv] or [pf] in certain instances in Mirandolese, while post- or pre-consonantal /w/ may result in [v] in Reggiano, Romagnol and some other dialects.
^ Vowel length is distinctive in stressed position (with long vowels occurring only in such contexts), however it may not always be the same throughout the dialects (vowels that are long in certain places may be short somewhere else, and vice versa). Sometimes vowels may also result in diphthongs, or (especially /e/) be dropped if unstressed. Note that especially Eastern dialects tend to have slightly more central vowels than they are transcribed.
^ [a] and [ɐ] are in varying distribution according to the dialect; however, since the first is often stressed while the latter is predominantly unstressed, for simplicity that is how they are listed hereafter.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Always stressed.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g In Romagnol dialects, /eː/ and /oː/ are generally [eə̯] and [oə̯] (if followed by a nasal or a liquid [eɪ̯] and [oʊ̯]), while /ɛː/ and /ɔː/ tend more to [ɛɐ̯] and [ɔɐ̯].

[conslength-1] Consonant and semivowel lengthening (occurring in certain dialects after stressed short vowels) is represented in IPA by either doubling the consonant or through the ⟨ː⟩ marker (e.g. cràdder [ˈkradder]/[ˈkradːer]).

[EmilianS-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l /dz/, /z/, /ts/, /s/ are most commonly [dð̠], [ð̠]~[ʐ], [tθ̠], [θ̠]~[ʂ], often with labialization.

[nasal-3] As in most Northern Italian languages, Emilian-Romagnol nasals do not generally assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant, differently from what happens in standard Italian. [ŋ] is used in all nasal plus consonant clusters, with the only exceptions being [ɱ] before /f/~/v/ and (only in a few cases) [n̪] before dentals /t/~/d/ (here transcribed ⟨n⟩ for simplicity).

[4] In Piacentino, /ŋ/ is silent in syllable coda after [əi̯].

[ṿ-5] /v/ is realized as [bv] or [pf] in certain instances in Mirandolese, while post- or pre-consonantal /w/ may result in [v] in Reggiano, Romagnol and some other dialects.

[6] Vowel length is distinctive in stressed position (with long vowels occurring only in such contexts), however it may not always be the same throughout the dialects (vowels that are long in certain places may be short somewhere else, and vice versa). Sometimes vowels may also result in diphthongs, or (especially /e/) be dropped if unstressed. Note that especially Eastern dialects tend to have slightly more central vowels than they are transcribed.

[ɐ-7] [a] and [ɐ] are in varying distribution according to the dialect; however, since the first is often stressed while the latter is predominantly unstressed, for simplicity that is how they are listed hereafter.

[stressed-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Always stressed.

[Romagnolvowels-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g In Romagnol dialects, /eː/ and /oː/ are generally [eə̯] and [oə̯] (if followed by a nasal or a liquid [eɪ̯] and [oʊ̯]), while /ɛː/ and /ɔː/ tend more to [ɛɐ̯] and [ɔɐ̯].

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