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Moldavian campaign (1685)
	Part of Polish-Ottoman War (1683-1699) & Great Turkish War
Date	September - October 1685
Location	Boiany
Result	Ottoman-Crimean-Moldavian victory
Belligerents
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth	Ottoman Empire; Crimean Khanate; Moldavia;
Commanders and leaders
Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski; Jozef Bogusław Słuszka; lieutenant Palij	Sulieman Pasha; Constantin Cantemir
Strength
16,000-18,000 men 12,000 Polish; 2,000–3,000 Lithuanians; 2,000–3,000 Cossacks;	12,000 men; 30,000 men; Unknown
Casualties and losses
Heavy	Heavy

The Moldavian campaign in 1685 was launched by the Poland-Lithuania commonwealth in order to control Moldavia. A second campaign was launched by the Polish king, Jan III, who dispatched an army led by Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski. The Polish army met with the Ottoman-Crimean-Moldavian army near Boiany. The Polish army, after several days of battle, found itself in a difficult position and was forced to retreat.

Background[edit]

Pope Innocent XI demanded the Polish king more vigorous action against the Ottoman front. In June 1685, Poland received money from the Papacy to launch another campaign.^[1] In July, Constantin Cantemir became the ruler of Moldavia. Constantin learned of Polish preparations for another campaign. He proposed to the Hetman, Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, to focus on the siege of Kamenets instead of invading his country. The Polish king, facing serious difficulties during the siege, preferred to march against Moldavia, hoping not only to obtain territory but to cut off supplies from Kamenets.^[2] The Polish army consisted of 16,000 to 18,000 men; 12,000 Polish, 2,000–3,000 Lithuanians under Jozef Bogusław Słuszka, and 2,000–3,000 Cossacks under lieutenant Palij.^[3]

Campaign[edit]

On August 1, the Polish army began moving towards the Dniester. On September 10, the Polish army began building a crossing. Five days earlier, the Polish received information of an Ottoman army of 15,000 led by Sulieman Pasha concentration at Țuțora who were delivering supplies to Kamenets. They decided to head there; they reached Sniatyn and there they crossed the border of Moldavian Bukovina. Then the army crossed the forests of Bukovina and headed towards the village of Boiany on September 29. At this time, the Ottomans decided to change their plan, and instead of heading towards Kamianets they turned towards the enemy reaching from the west.^[4]^[5]

Both armies met at Boiany on October 1, the Ottomans had 12,000 men while the Crimeans 30,000 alongside Moldavians. The Allied army attacked the Polish but despite the outnumbered, the Polish resisted. Constantine at the head of his troops fought alongside the Ottomans. The Following days the Polish turned into defensive, the Polish army found itself in difficult position, afraid of being surrounded and starved, they retreated on the night of October 9 and 10. It was not peaceful as they were chased by the Ottomans and the Crimeans, facing constant attacks. Thanks to Jabłonowski, he was able to cover the retreat of the troops. Having left the Bukovina forest, another battle took place on October 11, where both sides suffered heavy losses.^[6]^[7]^[8]

After that, they arrived at Prut river and the Ottomans stopped the chase.^[9]

Aftermath[edit]

Thus ended the Moldavian campaign of 1685, unsuccessful expedition due to lack of instruction by the king or the Senate.^[10] The failures of the Moldavian campaigns influenced the opinion of Poland allies concerning its military abilities. The king did not give up his plans towards Moldavian policy.^[11]

References[edit]

^ Kochegarov, K.A., p. 243
^ Semenova, L.E., p. 249
^ Marcin Markowicz
^ Kochegarov, K.A., p. 243
^ Marcin Markowicz
^ Kochegarov, K.A., p. 243
^ Marcin Markowicz
^ Semenova, L.E., p. 249
^ Marcin Markowicz
^ Kochegarov, K.A., p. 243
^ Marcin Markowicz

Sources[edit]

Semenova, L.E. (2006), Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. Late XIV - early XIX centuries.[1]

Kochegarov, K.A. (2008), Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia in 1680–1686. [2]

Marcin Markowicz (2013), The Bukovina campaign of 1685.[3]

[1] Kochegarov, K.A., p. 243

[2] Semenova, L.E., p. 249

[3] Marcin Markowicz

[4] Kochegarov, K.A., p. 243

[5] Marcin Markowicz

[6] Kochegarov, K.A., p. 243

[7] Marcin Markowicz

[8] Semenova, L.E., p. 249

[9] Marcin Markowicz

[10] Kochegarov, K.A., p. 243

[11] Marcin Markowicz

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