List of wars involving the Dutch Republic

This is a list of wars involving the Dutch Republic, which emerged from the Habsburg Netherlands during the Eighty Years' War (c. 1566–1648). The set of "United Provinces" that would later become the Dutch Republic proclaimed its independence in 1581. In the Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition, the Dutch Republic was conquered by the First French Republic in 1795, and replaced by the Batavian Republic.

For earlier wars, see List of wars in the Low Countries until 1560.
For simultaneous wars in the south, see List of wars in the southern Low Countries (1560–1829) – includes wars on the present territory of Belgium and Luxembourg, including the Southern Netherlands (Spanish Netherlands & Austrian Netherlands), the Principality of Liège, the Princely Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy, the Prince-Bishopric of Cambrésis and the Imperial City of Cambray, the Duchy of Bouillon, and smaller states.
For wars after 1795, see List of wars involving the Netherlands.

List[edit]

Conflict and date	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Eighty Years' War^[a] (c. 1566–1648)^[1]	Geuzen and Orangist troops (c. 1566–1570s)^[b] United Provinces (c. 1576–1580s)^[c] Calvinist Republic of Ghent (1577–1584) Antwerp Republic [nl; fr] (1577–1585) Brussels Republic [nl] (1576–1584) Dutch Republic (1581/8–1648) Dutch States Army (1570s onwards) Allies: Francis, Duke of Anjou (1580–1583) Kingdom of England (1585–1604, 1625–30) Kingdom of France (1595–8, 1635–48) Duchy of Bouillon (1593–5)	Spanish Empire (incl. Habsburg Netherlands) Bandes d'ordonnance (early war) Army of Flanders (1567 onwards) Portuguese Empire (1580–1640) Austrian Habsburgs (1598–1621) Allies: Prince-Bishopric of Liège (1595)	Peace of Münster^[1] Independence of the Dutch Republic^[1] Spanish retention of the Southern Netherlands^[1]
Dutch–Portuguese War (1601–1661)	Dutch Republic Native allies	Portugal Native allies Spanish Empire	* Dutch victory in Ghana, Malacca, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Indonesia * Portuguese victory in Brazil, Angola, East Africa and Macau * Both sides claim victory in India Treaty of Hague Formation of the Dutch Empire Portuguese Restoration War
Beaver Wars 1609–1701	Iroquois League Mohawks Oneida Seneca Onondaga Cayuga Supported by: England Dutch Republic	* Huron Algonquin Susquehannock Erie Neutral Petun Odawa Ojibwe Wenro Mahican Innu Abenaki Supported by: France	Indecisive
Ternatean–Portuguese conflicts 1530–1605 (intermittently)	Sultanate of Ternate Dutch East India Company (from 1599)	Portuguese Empire Spanish Empire Sultanate of Tidore	Victory
Ming–Qing War (1618-1683)	Qing dynasty Aisin-Gioro clan Manchus Ming Defectors Southern and Eastern Mongols Joseon (Korea; after 1636) Dutch East India Company	Ming dynasty (1618–1644) Southern Ming (1644–1662): Hongguang and The Nanjing court (1644–1645) Longwu and The Fuzhou court (1645–1646) Shaowu and The Guangzhou court (1646–1647) Yongli and The Nanning court (1646–1662) Koxinga Joseon (Korea) Yehe Jurchens Tiandihui Kingdom of Tungning (1661–1683) Northern Yuan dynasty (1618–1635) Chagatai Yarkent Khanate (1646–1650) Kumul Khanate Turpan Khanate Tokugawa Shogunate Kingdom of Portugal English East India Company	Victory Collapse of the Ming dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty Suppression of the rebel Kingdom of Shu, Xi dynasty, Shun dynasty, and Kingdom of Tungning Consolidation of Qing dynasty rule in China proper
Uskok War (1615-1617)	Republic of Venice Dutch Republic England	Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Croatia Spain	Victory Many Uskok pirates executed or exiled; Austrian garrison installed to check Uskoks.
Dutch-Barbary war (1618-1622)	Dutch Republic	Ottoman Algeria Tunisia	Victory Dutch achieve favourable treaty, and attack on Dutch ships stop Expedition to Algiers (1624)^[d]
Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands (1609–1621)	Dutch East India Company (VOC) Dutch Republic	Bandanese fighters East India Company Kingdom of England	Victory Banda massacre committed Dutch forces colonise the Banda Islands.
Expedition to Algiers (1624)	Dutch Republic	Ottoman Algeria	Victory
Spanish-Siam War (1624–1636)^[2]^[3]^[4]	Siam Dutch East India Company	Iberian Union Spanish East Indies Council of Portugal Macau Goa Malacca	Victory Dutch hegemony on Southeast Asia.
Siege of Batavia (1628–1629)	Dutch Republic	Mataram Sultanate	Victory The Mataram siege repelled
Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa (1635–1636)	Dutch Republic	Natives of Mattau, Bakloan, Soulang, Taccariang and Tevorang	Victory Increased Dutch area of control
Lamey Island Massacre (1636)	Dutch Republic	Taiwanese militia	Victory
Shimabara Rebellion (1637–1638)	Tokugawa shogunate Dutch Republic	Christian peasant and ronin rebels	Victory National seclusion policy imposed Christianity driven underground in Japan
Cambodian–Dutch War (1643-1644)	Dutch East India Company	Kingdom of Cambodia	Defeat
Kieft's War (1643–1645)^[5]	Dutch Republic	Lenape	Victory
Torstenson War (1643–1645)	Sweden Dutch Republic	Denmark-Norway	Victory
Sinhalese–Portuguese War (1538–1640)	Kingdom of Sitawaka Kingdom of Kandy Dutch East India Company (from 1638)	Portuguese Empire Lascarins Kingdom of Kotte	Victory End of the kingdoms of Kotte, Sitawaka, Jaffna and Raigama End of Portuguese Ceylon Incorporation of parts of Kotte and Sitawaka into the Kingdom of Kandy Capture of Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Raigama and much of Sitawaka by the Dutch and the establishment of Dutch Ceylon
Guo Huaiyi Rebellion (1652)	Dutch Republic	Guo Huaiyi's peasant army	Victory
Portuguese Restoration War (1640-1668)	Portugal Dutch Republic (1641-1648) France (1641–1659) England (1662–1668)	Spain	Victory Acclamation of John IV as the new King of Portugal (1640) The Habsburgs relinquish all claims to the Portuguese Throne Treaty of Lisbon (1668) End of the Iberian Union
The Great Ambon War (1651-1656)	Dutch Republic other allies	Sultanate of Ternate other allies	Victory
First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–1654)	Dutch Republic	Commonwealth of England	Inconclusive^[e] Treaty of Westminster Loevestein faction gains power in Dutch Republic at Orangists' expense
Peach War (1655)^[5]	Dutch Republic	Lenape	Defeat Outlying Dutch settlements ordered to garrison at Fort Amsterdam Staten Island abandoned but eventually retaken and equipped with better defenses.
Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)	Denmark–Norway Dutch Republic	Sweden	Victory
Second Northern War (1655–1660)	Poland (Poland-Lithuania) Denmark–Norway Habsburg Monarchy Russia (1656–58) Crimean Khanate Brandenburg-Prussia (1655–56, 1657–60) Dutch Republic	Swedish Empire Brandenburg-Prussia (1656–57) Principality of Transylvania Ukrainian Cossacks (1657)^[6] Grand Duchy of Lithuania Wallachia Moldavia	Victory Scania, Halland, Blekinge, Bohuslän and Ven become Swedish Duchy of Prussia becomes a sovereign state Sweden's sovereignty in Swedish Livonia accepted
First Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars (1659–1660)	Dutch Republic	Khoikhoi militia	Victory
Esopus Wars (1659–1663)^[5]	Dutch settlers Mohawk	Esopus	Victory
Siege of Fort Zeelandia (1661-1662)	Dutch East India Company	Koxinga's Ming Loyalists	Defeat
Dano-Dutch War (1661-1665)	Dutch West India Company	Denmark–Norway England	Defeat
First Tondano War (1661–1664)	Dutch Republic	Minahasan peoples	Victory
Trịnh–Nguyễn War (1627–1672)-(1774–1777)	Trịnh lords Dutch East India Company Tây Sơn rebellion	Nguyễn lords Portugal	Victory
Makassar War (1666–1669)	Dutch Republic	Sultanate of Gowa	Victory Treaty of Bongaya
Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667)	Dutch Republic Denmark France	England Bishopric of Münster	Victory Uti possidetis Treaty of Breda
Dutch-Zamorin Conflicts (1666-1758)	Dutch East India Company	Zamorin United Kingdom Portuguese Empire English East India Company	Victory
Kandyan-Dutch War (1670-1675)	Dutch Republic Dutch East India Company	Kingdom of Kandy France	Victory French expelled from all occupied territories Expansion of Dutch Ceylon, and Rajasinha's offenses repelled
Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1674)	Dutch Republic Denmark-Norway	England France Bishopric of Münster Electorate of Cologne	Victory Treaty of Westminster (1674)
Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678)	Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire (from 1673) Spain (from 1673) Brandenburg-Prussia (from 1673) Lorraine (from 1673) Denmark–Norway (from 1674) England (1678)	France England (1672–74) Münster (1672–1674) Cologne (1672–1674) Swedish Empire (from 1674)	Treaties of Nijmegen Large French territorial gains at expense of anti-French Alliance (Franche-Comté and territories in the Spanish Netherlands) France returns occupied Dutch territories of Maastricht and Principality of Orange in exchange for these gains
Second Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars (1673–1677)	Dutch Republic Khoikhoi allies	Khoikhoi militia	Victory
Trunajaya rebellion (1674–1680)	Mataram Sultanate Dutch East India Company (VOC) VOC's Indonesian allies	Rebel forces Makassarese itinerant fighters Rival claimants to Mataram throne (after 1677)	Victory
Scanian War (1675-1679)	Denmark-Norway Dutch Republic Brandenburg-Prussia Habsburg Monarchy Supported by: Scanian insurgents	Swedish Empire Kingdom of France	Treaty of Fontainebleau (1679) Treaty of Lund (1679) Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679) Sweden cedes most of its Pomeranian areas east of the Oder to Brandenburg-Prussia.
Nine Years' War (1688–1697)	Dutch Republic England Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Duchy of Savoy Scotland	France Jacobites	Treaty of Ryswick Louis XIV recognises William III of Orange as King of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Siamese revolution of 1688 (1688)	Phetracha and various Siamese lords Dutch Republic Dutch East India Company	Prasat Thong dynasty Kingdom of France French East India Company	Victory Establishment of Ban Phlu Luang dynasty. Expulsion of French troops in Bangkok.
Williamite War in Ireland (1689-1691)	Williamites Dutch Republic	Jacobites France	Victory Treaty of Limerick Withdrawal of remaining Jacobite forces to France Confirmation of William as King of Ireland
War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)	Dutch Republic Austrian monarchy Prussia England (until 1707) Great Britain (from 1707) Holy Roman Empire Piedmont-Savoy Habsburg Spain Portugal	France Spanish monarchy Bavaria (~1704) Cologne Mantua (~1708)	Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Treaty of Rastatt (1714) Treaty of Baden (1714) Philip is recognised as King of Spain, but once more renounces any claim to the throne of France. The Dutch Republic retains various forts in the Southern Netherlands and annexes a part of Spanish Guelders. Spain and Britain sign the Asiento Spain cedes the Spanish Netherlands, Kingdom of Naples, Duchy of Milan and Sardinia to the Habsburg monarchy, Sicily to the Duchy of Savoy and Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain France recognizes British sovereignty over Rupert's Land and Newfoundland and cedes Acadia and its half of Saint Kitts to Great Britain. Spain cedes the Colony of Sacramento to the Portuguese Empire The decline of Spanish global power
First Javanese War of Succession (1704–1707)	Dutch Republic	Mataram Sultanate	Victory
Dutch-Algerian war(1715-1726)^[7]	Dutch Republic	Ottoman Algeria	Victory
War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720)	Great Britain France Austria Dutch Republic	Spain	Victory Treaty of The Hague Austria cedes Sardinia to Savoy Savoy cedes Sicily to Austria
Jacobite rising of 1719	Great Britain Dutch Republic	Jacobites Spain	Victory
Second Javanese War of Succession (1719–1723)	Dutch Republic Mataram Sultanate	Rebel Princes	Victory
1740 Batavia massacre (1740)	Dutch Republic Native Indonesians allies	Chinese Indonesian militia	Military victory Political failure Governor-General Adriaan Valckenier was arrested by the Dutch government for the atrocity and replaced by Johannes Thedens.
War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748)	Dutch Republic (1744–48) Habsburg Monarchy Great Britain Hanover Saxony (1743–45) Sardinia (1742–48) Russia (1741–43, 1748)	France Prussia (1740–42, 1744–45) Spain Bavaria (1741–45) Saxony (1741–42) Sardinia (1741–42) Genoa (1745–48) Sweden (1741–43) Duchy of Modena	Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Prussian control of Silesia confirmed. Duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla ceded to the Spanish Bourbons. All other territories restored to pre-war owners
Travancore–Dutch War (1741–1757)	Dutch Republic Kingdom of Cochin	Kingdom of Travancore Maratha Empire Mysore	Military Stalemate
Java War (1741–43) (1741–1743)	Dutch Republic	Joint army of Chinese and Javanese	Victory
Battle of Penfui (1749)	Dutch Republic Timorese allies	Topasses Timorese allies	Victory
Third Javanese War of Succession (1749–1757)	Mataram Sultanate (until 1755) Dutch Republic Yogyakarta Sultanate (from 1755) Surakarta Sunanate (from 1755)	Anti-Dutch rebels	Victory End of the Mataram Sultanate Division of Mataram in 3 independent states called Surakarta Sunanate, Yogyakarta Sultanate and Mangkunegaran Palace Raden Mas Said's surrender
Cirebon War (1753–1773)	Dutch Republic Dutch East India Company	Cirebon Sultanate	Victory
Berbice slave uprising (1763–1764)	Dutch Republic Arawak and Carib allies	Army of the Negroes of Berbice	Victory
Kandyan-Dutch war (1764-1766)	Dutch Republic Dutch East India Company	Kingdom of Kandy	Victory Treaty of Batticaloa
Dutch-Moroccan War (1775-1777)	Dutch Republic	Sultanate of Morocco	Victory
American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)	United States France Spain Netherlands Mysore Oneida Tuscarora Watauga Association Catawba Lenape Choctaw	Great Britain Loyalists German Auxiliaries Iroquois Onondaga Mohawk Cayuga Seneca Cherokee	Mixed results for the Dutch Republic Treaty of Paris Britain recognizes the independence of the United States of America Dutch Republic gains United States as new ally and important trading partner, but Britain declares Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780–1784), defeating the Republic and causing the politically unstable Patriottentijd Mutual ally France ends up in deep debt, which later became one of the causes of the French Revolution (1789) End of the First British Empire
First Xhosa-Dutch War (1779–1781)	Dutch Republic	Xhosa militia	Victory
Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780–1784)	Dutch Republic Kingdom of France	Great Britain	Defeat Treaty of Paris (1784) Britain gains free trade rights in parts of the Dutch East Indies Dutch cede Negapatnam to Britain.
Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780–1784)	Kingdom of Mysore Kingdom of France Dutch Republic	East India Company Great Britain	Stalemate Status quo ante bellum Treaty of Mangalore
Kettle War (8 October 1784)	Dutch Republic	Habsburg monarchy Austrian Netherlands	Status quo ante bellum Treaty of Fontainebleau (1785)
Patriot–Orangist battles (c. 1786–1787)	Orangists	Patriots	Inconclusive Orangists capture Patriot strongholds Hattem and Elburg (September 1786) Patriots win Battle of Jutphaas and Bijltjesoproer (May 1787) Interrupted by pro-Orangist Prussian invasion of Holland (late 1787)
Prussian invasion of Holland (late 1787)	Kingdom of Prussia Orangists	States of Holland Patriots	Prussian–Orangist victory Orange Restoration
Second Xhosa-Dutch War (1789–1793)	Dutch Republic	Xhosa militia	Victory
War of the First Coalition (1792–1797)	Holy Roman Empire Austria Prussia (until 1795) Great Britain French Royalists Spain (until 1795) Portugal Sardinia (until 1796) Naples and Sicily Other Italian states Dutch Republic	Kingdom of the French (until 1792) French Republic (from 1792) Spain (from 1796) Batavian Republic (from 1795) French satellite states Polish Legions (from 1797)	Regime change, Victory for the Batavian Republic Peace of Basel, Treaty of Campo Formio Survival of the French Republic French annexation of the Austrian Netherlands, the Left Bank of the Rhine and other smaller territories Several French client republics established Hostilities resume in 1798 with the formation of a Second Coalition against France

War of succession
War of conquest (territorial control)
Religious war (including the European wars of religion)
Economic war (including colonial wars)
Revolt or rebellion (political)

Notes[edit]

^ See also List of battles of the Eighty Years' War.
^ The earliest disparate groups of rebel forces against the Habsburg Netherlandish government were known as Geuzen (dominated by Calvinists and some Huguenots, disgruntled lesser noblemen, and commerce-minded urban classes). The Geuzen were largely loyal to the former stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht William of Orange, who brought in his own – mostly German – mercenaries in 1568 and 1572. The combination of Geuzen and Orangist troops received backing from the States of Holland and West Friesland and States of Zeeland (provincial governments) from July 1572 onwards, and formed a core of what would become the Dutch States Army.^[1]
^ Aside from Holland and Zeeland in 1572–76, the States of various other provinces would only gradually unite as a military alliance from the 1576 Pacification of Ghent onwards into the 1580s. Until the 1585 Fall of Antwerp, they included the southern provinces of Flanders, Brabant, Mechelen, Artois, Hainaut, Namur, Limburg and Overmaze. The remaining northern provinces would eventually form a de facto independent state: the Dutch Republic.^[1]
^ This expedition was launched after the Algerians broke the peace treaty.
^ Historians have different opinions on the outcome, for example historian Jonathan Israel calls it a complete Dutch victory, but another historian like Dagomar Degroot, mark it as stalemate, the historian Edward Kritzler marks it as inconclusive, and Nigel Cawthorne marks it as an English victory

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Groenveld & Leeuwenberg 2020, p. 620–622.
^ "History of Ayutthaya - Foreign Settlements - Portuguese Settlement". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
^ "History of Ayutthaya - Essays - Spain". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
^ "History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Trelease, Allan W. (1960). Indian Affairs in Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
^ Hrushevsky (2003), pp. 327ff.
^ Ressel, Magnus (2015). "The Dutch-Algerian War and the Rise of British Shipping to Southern Europe (1715-1726)". Cahiers de la Méditerranée (90): 237–255. doi:10.4000/cdlm.8011.

Bibliography[edit]

Groenveld, Simon; Leeuwenberg, Huib (2020). De Tachtigjarige Oorlog. Opstand en consolidatie in de Nederlanden (ca. 1560–1650). Derde editie (in Dutch). Zutphen: Walburg Pers. p. 750. ISBN 9789462495661. (e-book; original publication 2008; in cooperation with M. Mout and W. Zappey)

[1] See also List of battles of the Eighty Years' War.

[3] The earliest disparate groups of rebel forces against the Habsburg Netherlandish government were known as Geuzen (dominated by Calvinists and some Huguenots, disgruntled lesser noblemen, and commerce-minded urban classes). The Geuzen were largely loyal to the former stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht William of Orange, who brought in his own – mostly German – mercenaries in 1568 and 1572. The combination of Geuzen and Orangist troops received backing from the States of Holland and West Friesland and States of Zeeland (provincial governments) from July 1572 onwards, and formed a core of what would become the Dutch States Army.^[1]

[4] Aside from Holland and Zeeland in 1572–76, the States of various other provinces would only gradually unite as a military alliance from the 1576 Pacification of Ghent onwards into the 1580s. Until the 1585 Fall of Antwerp, they included the southern provinces of Flanders, Brabant, Mechelen, Artois, Hainaut, Namur, Limburg and Overmaze. The remaining northern provinces would eventually form a de facto independent state: the Dutch Republic.^[1]

[5] This expedition was launched after the Algerians broke the peace treaty.

[10] Historians have different opinions on the outcome, for example historian Jonathan Israel calls it a complete Dutch victory, but another historian like Dagomar Degroot, mark it as stalemate, the historian Edward Kritzler marks it as inconclusive, and Nigel Cawthorne marks it as an English victory

[FOOTNOTEGroenveldLeeuwenberg2020620–622-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Groenveld & Leeuwenberg 2020, p. 620–622.

[6] "History of Ayutthaya - Foreign Settlements - Portuguese Settlement". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

[7] "History of Ayutthaya - Essays - Spain". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

[8] "History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

[Trelease-9] Trelease, Allan W. (1960). Indian Affairs in Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.

[11] Hrushevsky (2003), pp. 327ff.

[12] Ressel, Magnus (2015). "The Dutch-Algerian War and the Rise of British Shipping to Southern Europe (1715-1726)". Cahiers de la Méditerranée (90): 237–255. doi:10.4000/cdlm.8011.

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