Draft:Kepala Batas

Coordinates: 5°31′12″N 100°25′48″E / 5.52000°N 100.43000°E / 5.52000; 100.43000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the federal constituency represented in the Dewan Rakyat, see Kepala Batas (federal constituency).
For the suburb of Alor Setar, see Kepala Batas, Kedah.
Kepala Batas
Town and district capital
Other transcription(s)
 • Jawiكڤالا باتس
 • Chinese甲抛峇底
 • Tamilகெப்பாலா பத்தாஸ்
Kepala Batas is located in Peninsular Malaysia
Kepala Batas
Kepala Batas
Coordinates: 5°31′0″N 100°25′0″E / 5.51667°N 100.41667°E / 5.51667; 100.41667
CountryMalaysia
StatePenang
DistrictNorth Seberang Perai
Government
 • Local governmentSeberang Perai City Council
 • President of Seberang PeraiRozali Mohamud
 • Kepala Batas Member of ParliamentSiti Mastura Mohamad (PAS)
Time zoneUTC+8 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)Not observed
Postal code
13200
International dialling code prefix+604 (landline only)
Websitehttp://www.mbsp.gov.my

Kepala Batas (UK: /ˌkəpɑːlɑː bɑːtɑːs/, Malay: [kəpala batas]) is a suburb and the district seat of North Seberang Perai in Penang, Malaysia. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Butterworth and 15km (9.3 mi) southwest of Sungai Petani. As of 2020, Kepala Batas (central town area) had a population of 25,194. [2]

Etymology[edit]

Kepala Batas means "front end of the paddy field" in Malay; Kepala is the top or front end of something, and Batas is the earthern dykes bordering a paddy field.[3][4][additional citation(s) needed]

Kepala Batas in the past was plagued with poor drainage and frequent flooding. Paddy was one of the few crops able to thrive here and became part of the most important agricultural activities in the area. The abundance of paddy fields thus gave rise to the place's name.[citation needed]

Dykes in a Malaysian paddy field.

History[edit]

Early history[edit]

Evidence of prehistoric human settlement in Kepala Batas were discovered in Guar Kepah, to the south of the Muda River. Human remains dating back to about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, has been found, along with seashells, pottery and hunting tools. These indicate that the area had been inhabited by nomadic Melanesians from as early as the Neolithic era.[5][6]

Kepala Batas was also part of the Bujang Valley civilisation, an early Hindu-Buddhist polity centered in what is now Kedah sometime between the 5th to 6th centuries and later becoming part of the Sultanate of Kedah up until the late 18th century.[7][8]

British acquisitions[edit]

In 1800, the British East India Company (EIC) annexed a strip of the mainland from Kedah for a sum of 4,000 Spanish dollars. This newly-acquired territory was named Province Wellesley after Governor-General of India Richard Wellesley.[9]

Later, in 1831 the EIC expanded Province Wellesley northwards following a treaty with Siam, which had by then annexed Kedah. EIC thus gained Kepala Batas in the process.[10][11]

Province Wellesley[edit]

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World War II & Post-war[edit]

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Post-Independence[edit]

After

Geography[edit]

Kepala Batas

In popular culture[edit]

  • A British plantation bungalow in Kepala Batas, the Bertam House, was featured in A House Of its Time, a documentary series created by Freestate Productions and broadcasted by Mediacorp.[12][13]

Notable people[edit]

Politicians & Public Servants

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Malaysia: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Retrieved 2010-10-31.[dead link]
  2. ^ Statistik Subnasional PARLIMEN DAN DUN P.041 KEPALA BATAS [Subnational Statistics PARLIAMENT AND SLA P.041 KEPALA BATAS] (PDF) (in Malay and English). Department of Statistics Malaysia (published February 2022). 2020. ISBN 978-967-2000-26-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)
  3. ^ "Kepala - Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu". Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  4. ^ "Batas - Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu". Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  5. ^ Lisowski FP, Schmitt LH, Groves CP, Bulbeck D, Oxnard C, Buck A (November 1996). "Holocene Biological Evolution of the Malay Peninsula Aborigines (Orang Asli)". In Rousham E, Freedman L (eds.). Perspectives In Human Biology: Humans In The Australasian Region. Vol. 2. World Scientific. doi:10.1142/3355. ISBN 978-981-4497-86-2. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  6. ^ Rosli, Najmiah; Rosli, Farid N.; Rahman, Nazrin; Saidin, Mokhtar; Ismail, Nur A.; Saad, Rosli (2021-10-02). "Shoreline Fluctuations Mark the Beginning and the Ending of Prehistoric Human Habitation at Guar Kepah, Malaysia". The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 16 (2–4): 541–552. doi:10.1080/15564894.2020.1783038. ISSN 1556-4894. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024 – via Taylor & Francis.
  7. ^ Samat, Narimah (May 2013). "International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation" (PDF). International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation (May). The National University of Malaysia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2024.
  8. ^ Winstedt, Richard (1936). "Notes on the History of Kedah". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 14 (3 (126)): 155–189. ISSN 2304-7550. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2024 – via JSTOR.
  9. ^ Swettenham, Frank Athelstane (1907). British Malaya; an account of the origin and progress of British influence in Malaya. Contributed by University of California Libraries. London, New York: John Lane. p. 46. OL 6981383M. It is perhaps not necessary to push the matter further, except as regards one point, and that is, how the Sultan of Kedah came to consent to two treaties, the first in 1791, and the second in 1800, without stipulating for that provision which, to him, was the sole reason for the cession of Pinang. Neither document provided for the protection of Kedah. By the first engagement the Company undertakes to pay to the Sultan six thousand dollars a year so long as the English remain in possession of Pinang. By the second, called a treaty of friendship and alliance — signed by Sir George Leith, Lieutenant-Governor of Pinang — it is provided, that the Company shall pay to the Sultan ten thousand dollars a year, so long as they occupy Pinang and the strip of territory opposite (now called Province Wellesley), and the Sultan agrees to give to the Company for ever the strip of mainland referred to, which is then roughly defined.
  10. ^ Hill, Ronald David (23 November 1839). "Plan Of Prince Of Wales Island And Province Wellesley". National Archives of Singapore. Ms copy by Poon Puay Kee. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  11. ^ Moniot, Jules Michael (1854). "Map of Prince of Wales' Island or Pulo Penang and Province Wellesley, surveyed under the auspices of the Honorable Colonel W.J. Butterworth C.B. Governor of Prince of Wales' Island, Singapoor and Malacca, including a careful survey of the South Channel". National Archives of Singapore. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  12. ^ "A House of Its Time". meWATCH (Video). Mediacorp. 2 January 2016. Ep 7 MALAYSIA: Plantation Bungalows. Archived from the original (MOV IMX30) on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  13. ^ "A House Of Its Time". National Archives of Singapore. Mediacorp. 10 January 2016. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.

5°31′12″N 100°25′48″E / 5.52000°N 100.43000°E / 5.52000; 100.43000

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