Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating
This is a WikiProject advice page. It contains the advice or opinions of one or more WikiProjects on Wikipedia or its process, as pertaining to topics within the WikiProject(s) area of interest. This page is not one of Wikipedia's policies or guidelines, as it has not been thoroughly vetted by the community. |
This page in a nutshell: This page gives guidance regarding content, structure, and referencing of articles related to the sport of figure skating, including the use of figure skating-specific templates and data tables. |
Manual of Style (MoS) |
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The WikiProject Figure skating style guide applies to articles within the scope of WikiProject Figure skating. It is based on Wikipedia's general Manual of Style, while using the style guidelines presented by U.S. Figure Skating as orientation. This guide represents the consensus view of editors maintaining Wikipedia's articles about the sport of figure skating. However, if you notice any errors or disagree with certain recommendations, feel free to discuss them on this talk page.
Figure skating is a complex sport and performing art with a long history and list of technical terms, with a detailed terminology guide presented on a separate page. This general style guide gives an overview of the most common article types within the scope of WikiProject Figure Skating, including advices regarding the lead section, article structure, statistics tables, and the use of figure skating-specific templates.
Note that figure skating is a niche sport with rather limited coverage by mainstream media, often lacking in-depth information about encyclopedically notable events or accurate use of terminology. To have a broad selection of references for all types of articles, this page provides a list of reliable figure skating-specific sources.
General guidelines[edit]
Figure skating terminology and linking[edit]
Figure skating is a complex sport and performing art with a long list of technical terms and competition rules. It is subject to continuous changes regarding performed elements, judging criteria, and scoring systems, which require a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy in wording. However, figure skating is also a sport that casual readers may only watch every four years at the Winter Olympics, not being familiar with its rules and terms.
This sub-page gives an overview of the most important terms and wikilinks to the respective articles. It lists the terms with their correct spelling, abbreviation, and formatting style as well as concise definitions and distinctions from each other, providing guidance in how to make figure skating articles accessible to the widest possible general audience.
Example: Though the wording "a backward counter triple Axel" is technically correct, it may sound very cryptic to most readers, making it difficult to understand the full sentence. The following methods can help to make the term more accessible:
- Describe the element as "a triple Axel jump entered by a counter turn" or "a triple Axel jump performed with a difficult counter turn entry". Even if the reader doesn't know what an Axel or counter is, the phrasing "jump entered by a (difficult) turn" helps to visually imagine what the element looks like.
- Omit technical flourish like "backward" that further complicates the reading and understanding, unless it is essential for the context.
- Ideally, single parts of a compound term are previously introduced in the prose and linked to the respective articles like Axel jump and counter turn. It provides easy access for readers to precise definitions of the single terms. In rare cases, explanatory footnotes can also be used to break down difficult technical terms.
Lead section and article structure[edit]
Figure skating articles should follow the guidelines for article structure as per MOS:LEAD and WP:SECTIONS. Some differences do exist for figure skating articles.
- Lead size: As a general rule of thumb, the lead can be divided into two or three paragraphs, counting ca. 250 to 400 words in readable prose size. In the case of vital biographies or large-scope articles with multiple sub-pages, the lead can be extended to four paragraphs and ca. 600 words, but it must be of reasonable length compared to the content and size of the full article. For reference: the lead section of the featured article about Michael Jackson counts 540 words (as of April 2024).
- Referencing the lead: The lead section itself should only contain inline citations for information that are either likely to be challenged (like "X is considered one of the greatest skaters in history") or that do not appear in the rest of the article, which is generally discouraged. The recommendation is to mention every aspect from the lead in the article body as well, where it is sufficiently cited by reliable sources.
- General structure of the article body: There is no universal recipe for the structure of figure skating articles, but this page provides suggestions for the following common article types: skater biographies, competitions, technical elements, skating statistics, and ice shows. For articles that do not fit any of these categories, the following basic structure can be used as orientation:
- Terminology (if applicable): It provides a concise definition and explanation of the topic, making it more accessible for casual readers.
- Background (if needed): It puts the article's topic into a more global context, making it more accessible as well.
- History: This section is a chronological summary of all notable events related to the topic.
- Topic-specific sections
- Meaning or impact (if applicable): This section points out the topic's meaning for the sport of figure skating or beyond.
- Statistical lists
- Appendices and footers: See also – Notes and references – Further reading – External links.
- Referencing the article body: Every information in the article body must be cited by reliable sources, ideally reliable secondary sources like history books, scientific journals, reputable magazines, and newspaper articles. This goes especially for non-statistical information. For a list of reliable sources specific for figure skating, see sources.
Tables and templates[edit]
Tables in figure skating articles and lists follow the general Wikipedia manual of style as per MOS:TABLE. That includes:
- Legend (placed above the table in list form with asterisks): Explanations for header titles (especially figure skating-related abbreviations), the selection of data and annotations (e.g. "Table only lists scores achieved before the 2018–19 season")
- Caption: Summary of the data in the table and sorting key (e.g. "Total number of medals in men's singles by nation")
- Accessibility: Make sure that the table is accessible for screenreaders and other devices for people with disabilities as per WP:ACCESSIBILITY. That means:
- Define row and column headers with intelligible header titles and use scope-parameters!
- Avoid multi-column headers in the middle of tables (e.g. season-headers in "Detailed results" tables): split tables in multiple smaller tables and group them in a div-block (see example below).
- Use colors only for visual support, not to add information (e.g. in medal tables or in detailed results) and use them sparely!
- Sorting: This is a very powerful tool and should be fully utilized whenever useful as per WP:SORT. This goes especially for record, result and medal tables such as highest scores lists.
- Make sure to avoid multiple entries within a cell, which causes serious problems with the sorting tool (like placement and score in the detailed results or medal count with different partners). Use different columns/rows or add a footnote instead.
- Here is an overview of the most common sorting keys in figure skating:
- All chronological tables must be sorted from oldest date at the top to latest date at the bottom of the table (not reverted!)
- For dates use the style "Month DD, YYYY" (e.g. February 21, 2018). If the dates are used as row-headers, add "data-sort-type=date" in the header of the date column.
- For seasons use the link style "[[XXXX–YY figure skating season|XXXX–YY season]]". If "XXXX–YY season" is too wide, use the short form "XX–YY". Do NOT use variations with a slash like "XX/YY".
- For periods of a specific achievement use the style "XXXX–YYYY". Split only in two separate columns like "From"/ "To", if there are significant changes in the sorting, otherwise it's not necessary and just blows up the table in width.
- To sort skaters by family name, use the template {{sortname|first|last}}.
Example: {{sortname|Gabriella|Papadakis}} displays as Gabriella Papadakis and sorts by Papadakis. - If the Wikipedia page name of the skater has additions in brackets like "(figure skater)", use {{sortname|first|last|dab=figure skater}}. For more complex cases, see Template:Sortname.
Example: {{sortname|Javier|Fernández|dab=figure skater}} displays as Javier Fernández and sorts by Fernández. - For skaters from countries, where the family name is listed first (like China), you can use the usual internal link like [[Sui Wenjing]], which sorts by the family name Sui.
- In sorting tables split the pairs or ice dance couples and place them in separate columns ("female partner" and "male partner").
- For coutries use the template with the country's abbreviation like {{AUS}} for Australia, which displays as Australia, or the short form {{flag|AUS}}, which displays as AUS.
- For cities or events use either the link to the city/ event only or more advanced in combination with the country flag:
|data-sort-value=Saitama| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Saitama (city)|Saitama]], which displays as Saitama and sorts by the city (analog for events).
- Size:
- Horizonal: Columns often get annoyingly wide if the title of the header is a longer word like "References" or "Short program". In this case you can use abbreviations like SP and put the full term with a link in the legend. For header titles like "References" that don't need further explanations you can use the abbreviation template {{abbr|Ref.|References}}, which displays as Ref. and shows the full word via mouseover.
- Vertical: If the table gets too large, consider a split into smaller tables (e.g. separation in senior and junior/ novice programs).
- Sourcing: All data in a table must be sourced, except basic mathematical calculations and operations like total number of medals, participations or age etc.
For calculating the exact age of a skater of the form "Y years, M months and D days", you can use this age-calculator.- Global sources for the entire table are generally preferred over sources for single rows or cells and are placed after the table caption.
- If a table needs multiple global sources of the same type, you can group them to one reference like [1] (as shown in the example below).
- Local sources for rows or cell entries can be either reference links or direct weblinks (like competition result pages of the ISU). The latter is particularly suitable for "Detailed results" tables to avoid a blow-up of the article's reference section.
Figure skater biographies[edit]
Biography lead and structure[edit]
The lead section is a concise summary of the article body, following the style guidelines of MOS:LEAD for biographies.
- First sentence: It mentions the skater's full name in boldface, date of birth and death in parentheses, and the occupation as a figure skater. It must be clear from the wording if the skater is still active as a competitor or professional or has retired from skating altogether. If the skater is active as a professional, do NOT use the term "retired" at all and do not write "former competitive skater" without clarifying the status as an active professional.
- Second sentence: It is recommended to mention the discipline(s) the skater has competed in (like men's singles), main partner(s) in pairs or ice dance, and the period of competing (from 20XX to 20XX).
- First paragraph: It contains a compilation of the skater's most important medals and titles (with the years in parentheses), especially gold medals won at major international events (Olympics, Worlds, Europeans/ Four Continents, and the Grand Prix Final) and national championships.
- Other content: The lead can also include the number of set world record scores as well as other notable achievements and contributions in figure skating, essential information about public life, and the most important awards and accolades if applicable.
Article structure
(prose sections highlighted in grey, list sections in purple)
See also: Record and achievement tables.
See also: Program tables.
See also: Competitive highlights tables.
See also: Detailed results tables.
Appendices and footers (See also – Notes and references – Further reading – External links)
Biography tables and templates[edit]
Records and achievements[edit]
Please use the following templates for world record lists:
World record list
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{{smalldiv| *SP – [[Short program (figure skating)|Short program]] *FS – [[Free skating]] *Incumbent [[List of highest scores in figure skating#Record holders|world records]] highlighted in '''''bold and italic''''' }} {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Chronological list of world records by competition segment<ref name="sample"/> !scope=col|No. !scope=col|Date !scope=col|Score !scope=col|{{abbr|Seg.|Segment}} !scope=col|Event !scope=col|Place |- !scope=row|1 | || || ||{{flagicon|}} |- !scope=row| 2 | || || ||{{flagicon|}} |} |
Example 1: from Yuzuru Hanyu § World record scores
- SP – Short program
- FS – Free skating
- The table only lists Hanyu's world records under the current +5/-5 GOE judging system.
No. | Date | Score | Seg. | Event | Place |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nov 3, 2018 | 106.69 | SP | 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki | Helsinki |
2 | Nov 4, 2018 | 190.43 | FS | ||
3 | Nov 4, 2018 | 297.12 | Total | ||
4 | Nov 16, 2018 | 110.53 | SP | 2018 Rostelecom Cup | Moscow |
5 | Mar 23, 2019 | 206.10 | FS | 2019 World Championships | Saitama |
6 | Mar 23, 2019 | 300.97 | Total | ||
7 | Feb 7, 2020 | 111.82 | SP | 2020 Four Continents Championships | Seoul |
Example 2: see Career achievements of Yuzuru Hanyu § Other notable achievements (not displayed here)
A similar table format should be used for lists of highest scores.
Programs[edit]
Please use the following templates for program lists: {{Figure skating program list}} and {{FS program}}
The following additional information if known and sourced, should be added to the list:
- The program title (as submitted by the skater)
- The composer(s) and/ or performer(s) of the used music tracks
- The choreographer(s) of the program
- All music tracks that are used in the program cut
Sourcing: For competition programs, add a reference in the season column with |refx=
, using the skater's ISU bios. For past seasons, try the Wayback Machine. In case of gala or ice show programs, use reliable secondary sources like online newspaper articles or the official page of the show (some have the planned programs listed), and place the reference directly after the program title.
Formatting: With the templates above, you no longer have to bother with formatting. However, a set of general rules should be followed: The program title should be of normal font size, all other information added as a bulleted list in small font size using the {{smalldiv}} template. The track list should be collapsed with the {{show}} template to keep the table at reasonable size. It is enough to include the detailed results once for the program debut. For all reuses, list the program title only (see example table below). For better structure of the table, Olympic seasons and programs can be highlighted as demonstrated in the example below.
Do NOT use the horizontal rule (----) to separate programs within a cell, as it confuses screenreaders and limits the accessibility of the table. Work with the rowspan-parameter instead.
Example 1: fictive table generated for demo only
- ^show Program only performed in an ice show in that season
- Program details mentioned at first occurrence
- Olympic seasons highlighted in blue
- Programs performed at the Winter Olympics highlighted in bold
Season | Short program | Free skate program | Exhibition program |
---|---|---|---|
2020–21 |
|
Tracks used
|
— |
2021–22 |
Piano Concerto No. 5 | "Winter"
|
Moulin Rouge! |
|
Example 2: see Programs and publications of Yuzuru Hanyu § Figure skating programs (not displayed here)
Competitive highlights[edit]
Please use the following templates for the competitive highlights: {{Figure skating competitive highlights}} and {{FS placements}}
- It is recommended to split the competitive highlights into separate tables either by level or seasons. This keeps the tables at reasonable size, both in horizontal and vertical direction. It also reduces the number empty cells to a minimum.
- For competition names, follow the recommendations in the style guidelines above.
- The template above allows the addition of 15 seasons and 25 events per table. If the number of events exceeds 25 rows, you can either further split by seasons or remove events where the skater has only competed once. Those results can be listed separately below the table.
- Do NOT use multicolumn-headers to structure the table by competition type, which confuses screenreaders and limits the accessibility of the table.
- Do NOT add inline citations randomly inside table cells! This messes up the formatting of the templates. Use the
|ref=
parameter to add bundled sources for a statistics table.
Example: fictive table generated for demo only
- ^team – Team event
- GP – Event of the ISU Grand Prix Series
- CS – Event of the ISU Challenger Series
- C – Event cancelled
- WD – Withdrew from event
- TBD – Assigned, result yet to be decided
- Medals at team events are awarded for the team result only. The individual placement at the ISU World Team Trophy is listed in brackets.
Season | 2015–16 | 2016–17 | 2017–18 | 2019–20 | 2020–21 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winter Olympics | 6th | ||||
Winter Olympics team | 5th | ||||
World Championships | 10th | 7th | C | 1st | |
Four Continents | 6th | WD | 2nd | C | |
GP Final | 1st | C | |||
GP Rostelecom Cup | 5th | 3rd | 1st | WD | TBD |
CS Autumn Classic [note 1] | 3rd | 4th | 2nd | ||
U.S. Championships | 4th | 1st | 1st | 1st | |
World Team Trophy team | 5th (3rd) |
3rd (1st) |
Notes
- ^ The 2015 Autumn Classic International was not part of the Challenger Series that season.
Personal bests and detailed results[edit]
Please use the following templates for personal bests and detailed result lists: {{Figure skating personal bests}} and {{Figure skating detailed results}}
Do NOT add inline citations randomly inside table cells! This messes up the formatting of the templates. Use the |ref=
parameter to add bundled sources for a statistics table.
Example 1: from the Career achievements by Yuzuru Hanyu § Detailed results
- World records highlighted in bold and italic[1]
Segment | Type | Score | Event |
---|---|---|---|
Total | TSS | 322.59 | 2019 Skate Canada |
Short program | TSS | 111.82 | 2020 Four Continents |
TES | 63.42 | 2020 Four Continents | |
PCS | 48.47 | 2019 Skate Canada | |
Free skating | TSS | 212.99 | 2019 Skate Canada |
TES | 116.59 | 2019 Skate Canada | |
PCS | 96.40 | 2019 Skate Canada |
Segment | Type | Score | Event |
---|---|---|---|
Total | TSS | 330.43 | 2015–16 Grand Prix Final |
Short program | TSS | 112.72 | 2017 CS Autumn Classic |
TES | 64.17 | 2017 CS Autumn Classic | |
PCS | 49.14 | 2015–16 Grand Prix Final | |
Free skating | TSS | 223.20 | 2017 World Championships |
TES | 126.12 | 2017 World Championships | |
PCS | 98.56 | 2015–16 Grand Prix Final |
Example 2: from the Career achievements by Yuzuru Hanyu § Detailed results (shortened list for demo only)
- ^team – Team event
- World records highlighted in bold and italic[1]
- Small medals for the short program and free skating are only awarded at ISU Championships.
- Medals at team events are awarded for the team result only. The individual placement at the ISU World Team Trophy is listed in brackets.
Date | Event | SP | FS | Total | Details | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | Score | P | Score | P | Score | |||
Sep 20–22, 2018 | 2018 CS Autumn Classic International | 1 | 97.74 | 2 | 165.91 | 1 | 263.65 | Details |
Nov 2–4, 2018 | 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki | 1 | 106.69 | 1 | 190.43 | 1 | 297.12 | Details |
Nov 16–18, 2018 | 2018 Rostelecom Cup | 1 | 110.53 | 1 | 167.89 | 1 | 278.42 | Details |
Mar 18–24, 2019 | 2019 World Championships | 3 | 94.87 | 2 | 206.10 | 2 | 300.97 | Details |
Date | Event | SP | FS | Total | Details | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | Score | P | Score | P | Score | |||
Sep 12–14, 2019 | 2019 CS Autumn Classic International | 1 | 98.38 | 1 | 180.67 | 1 | 279.05 | Details |
Oct 25–27, 2019 | 2019 Skate Canada International | 1 | 109.60 | 1 | 212.99 | 1 | 322.59 | Details |
Nov 22–24, 2019 | 2019 NHK Trophy | 1 | 109.34 | 1 | 195.71 | 1 | 305.05 | Details |
Dec 5–8, 2019 | 2019–20 Grand Prix Final | 2 | 97.43 | 2 | 194.00 | 2 | 291.43 | Details |
Dec 18–22, 2019 | 2019–20 Japan Championships | 1 | 110.72 | 3 | 172.05 | 2 | 282.77 | Details |
Feb 4–9, 2020 | 2020 Four Continents Championships | 1 | 111.82 | 1 | 187.60 | 1 | 299.42 | Details |
Figure skating competitions[edit]
The following guidelines use the structure of the featured article about the 1985 World Snooker Championship as orientation.
Competition lead and structure[edit]
The lead section is a concise summary of the article body, following the style guidelines of MOS:LEAD.
- First sentence: It mentions the competition's official name in boldface, the type of competition (like "international figure skating competition"), the date or period of hosting, the venue and location. The official name must not contain any internal links (see MOS:BOLDLINK).
- First paragraph: It is recommended to mention the organizer, the edition of the competition (which is a good opportunity to link the main competition article), and the disciplines that were held. If the competition served as an important qualifying event, that should be mentioned here as well.
- Other content: The lead can include the number of participating skaters and nations, the gold medalists in each discipline, records and other achievements, notable disqualifications or controversies, and information about the total prize money, sponsors, broadcasters, viewership etc. if notable and supported by reliable sources.
Article structure
(prose sections highlighted in grey, list sections in purple)
- Section guidelines will be added here
Appendices and footers (See also – Notes and references – Further reading – External links)
Competition tables and templates[edit]
Figure skating elements and moves[edit]
Element lead and structure[edit]
The lead section is a concise summary of the article body, following the style guidelines of MOS:LEAD.
- First sentence: It mentions the element's or move's official name in boldface, the official abbreviation in parentheses, and the parent element or skating move if it exists. Otherwise, use "figure skating element" or "figure skating move" instead.
- First paragraph: It gives a concise definition for the element or skating move, names its inventor and first adaption in figure skating, and mentions the disciplines where the element is required or commonly performed.
- Other content: The lead can include information about the most notable innovations and records and most popular variations.
Article structure
(prose sections highlighted in grey, list sections in purple)
Make sure to use correct terminology, following the guidelines in the section for #Technical elements.
If available, the section should be supported by appropriate visuals, illustrating the correct execution of the element or skating move.
Appendices and footers (See also – Notes and references – Further reading – External links)
Element tables and templates[edit]
Figure skating statistics[edit]
Statistics lead and structure[edit]
Statistics tables and templates[edit]
Cumulative medal count[edit]
For the cumulative medal count by nation please use the Wikipedia template Medals table.
Please use the following templates for top 10 lists of most won (gold) medals by individual skater or pair/ ice dance team:
Template for men's and women's singles
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Top 10 ranking of [ discipline ] by most won (gold) medals at the [ event ] !scope=col style="width:1em"| No. !scope=col style="width:9em"| Skater !scope=col| Country !scope=col style="width:5em"| Period !scope=col style="width:1em; background-color:gold" | [[File:Gold medal icon (G initial).svg|20px|link=|Gold medal – first place]] !scope=col style="width:1em;background-color:silver" | [[File:Silver medal icon (S initial).svg|20px|link=|Silver medal – second place]] !scope=col style="width:1em;background-color:#CC9966" | [[File:Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg|20px|link=|Bronze medal – third place]] !scope=col style="width:1em"|Total |- !scope=row| 1 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 2 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 3 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 4 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 5 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 6 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 7 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 8 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 9 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 10 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |
Template for pairs and ice dance
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Top 10 ranking of [ discipline ] by most won (gold) medals at the [ event ] !scope=col style="width:1em"| No. !scope=col style="width:9em"| Female partner !scope=col| Male partner !scope=col| Country !scope=col style="width:5em"| Period !scope=col style="width:1em; background-color:gold" | [[File:Gold medal icon (G initial).svg|20px|link=|Gold medal – first place]] !scope=col style="width:1em;background-color:silver" | [[File:Silver medal icon (S initial).svg|20px|link=|Silver medal – second place]] !scope=col style="width:1em;background-color:#CC9966" | [[File:Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg|20px|link=|Bronze medal – third place]] !scope=col style="width:1em"|Total |- !scope=row| 1 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 2 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 3 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 4 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 5 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 6 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 7 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 8 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 9 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |- !scope=row| 10 | align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{Sortname|first|last}} || align="left" | {{XXX}} || XXXX–YYYY || bgcolor="#F7F6A8" | || bgcolor="#DCE5E5" | || bgcolor="#FFDAB9" | || |
Example 1: For top 10 rankings of single skaters see the World Championships cumulative medal count § Most gold medals by skater (not displayed here)
Example 2: from the World Championships cumulative medal count § Most medals by pair
- Total number of medals highlighted in bold
- Only pair results are included in the list. Individual results in case of partner changes are marked with a note or listed separately below the table.
- The table only shows the period from the first to the last won medal, not all participations at the World Championships.
- If the total number of medals is identical, the gold, silver and bronze medals are used as tie-breakers (in that order). If all numbers are the same, the pairs get the same placement and are sorted by the period of the achievement (from first to last).
- If a skater or team has competed for multiple countries, the latest country is used for sorting. The others are listed in brackets.
No. | Female partner | Male partner | Country | Period | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aljona Savchenko[a] | Robin Szolkowy | Germany | 2007–2014 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 8 |
2 | Ludmila Belousova | Oleg Protopopov | Soviet Union | 1962–1969 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
3 | Ludowika Jakobsson (Eilers)[b] | Walter Jakobsson | Finland ( Germany) |
1910–1923 | 3 | 4 | – | 7 |
4 | Shen Xue | Zhao Hongbo | China | 1999–2007 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
5 | Irina Rodnina[c] | Alexander Zaitsev | Soviet Union | 1973–1978 | 6 | – | – | 6 |
6 | Elena Valova | Oleg Vasiliev | Soviet Union | 1983–1988 | 3 | 3 | – | 6 |
7 | Pang Qing | Tong Jian | China | 2004–2015 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
8 | Andrée Brunet (Joly) | Pierre Brunet | France | 1925–1932 | 4 | 1 | – | 5 |
Emília Rotter | László Szollás | Hungary | 1931–1935 | 4 | 1 | – | 5 | |
Ekaterina Gordeeva | Sergei Grinkov | Soviet Union | 1986–1990 | 4 | 1 | – | 5 |
- Ludwig Wrede has won a total of six medals in the pairs event: two gold and a bronze medal with Herma Szabo (1925–1927) and another two silvers and a bronze with Melitta Brunner (1928–1930).
Notes:
- ^ Aljona Savchenko has won another gold, silver and bronze with Bruno Massot (2016–2018), earning her six gold and eleven medals in total.
- ^ Ludowika Eilers competed for the German Empire until 1910. In 1911 she married her partner Walter Jakobsson and competed with him for Finland until 1923.
- ^ Irina Rodnina has won another four golds with her first partner Alexei Ulanov (1969–1972), earning her a total of ten medals (all gold).
Ice shows[edit]
Ice show lead and structure[edit]
The lead section is a concise summary of the article body, following the style guidelines of MOS:LEAD.
- First sentence: It mentions the ice show's official name in boldface, the type of show (like "annual touring ensemble ice show"), the producer and organizer, and the country where it is held. In the case of non-recurring shows, the date or period of hosting and the venues and locations should be mentioned.
- First paragraph: It is recommended to mention the show format (like "skating exhibitions"), cast size and number of performances, duration of a single show, and the number of shows and legs per edition.
- Other content: The lead can include information about notable features of the show, ticket sales and view numbers, broadcast, and sponsors if supported by reliable sources. Since ice shows are very individual in their production, format, grossings, and criticial reception, it is up to the discretion of the editor to compile the most notable information in an appropriate way.
Article structure
(prose sections highlighted in grey, list sections in purple)
- Section guidelines will be added here
Appendices and footers (See also – Notes and references – Further reading – External links)
Ice show tables and templates[edit]
Referencing[edit]
Reliable figure skating-specific sources[edit]
For the interest of broadness and comprehensiveness of figure skating articles, there are occasions when it is necessary to follow Wikipedia's Ignore all rules policy. This goes especially for articles about figure skating elements, judging systems, and discipline-specific rules and regulations, which require a high degree of accuracy in terminology and attention to detail that secondary sources may not provide. In such cases, it is often unavoidable to resort to self-published official documents by the International Skating Union (ISU) or other organizations that oversee the sport. Some of the best reporting on figure skating is done in-house by the ISU and national federations like U.S. Figure Skating and Skate Canada.
International Skating Union and national federations
- ISU Communications: Publications and announcements of changes in figure skating rules and regulations; published by the International Skating Union in Lausanne, Switzerland.
- ISU Special Regulations & Technical Rules: Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance, published by the ISU in September 2022.
- ISU Technical Panel Handbooks, last updated by the ISU in July 2023 for singles and pairs, and August 2023 for ice dance.
- ISU Scale of Values, last updated by the ISU in 2022 for singles and pairs, and in 2023 for ice dance.
- ISU Figure Skater Biographies: Profiles, competition results, and personal bests; published by the ISU.
- ISU Figure Skating Results: Detailed results pages for international competitions; published by the ISU.
- ISU Figure Skating Statistics: Highest scores, personal bests and season's bests, published by the ISU.
- U.S. Figure Skating: Rules and regulations, terminology and style guidelines, results and more; published by in Colorado Springs, United States.
- Skate Canada Info Centre: Glossary of figure skating terms; published by Skate Canada in Ottawa, Canada.
Figure skating websites
- Golden Skate: News, events, and results; published in Cary, United States.
- Olympics: Figure Skating: News, history, and statistics; published by the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Skate Guard: Figure skating history until the IJS era (2003); published by Ryan Stevens in Halifax, Canada.
Note: Skate Guard was featured on the official website of U.S. Figure Skating in 2021. - Skating Scores: Scoring statistics for skaters and competitions in the ISU Judging System; published in the United States.
Note: Skating Scores was cited by The Washington Post in 2022. - U.S. Figure Skating Fan Zone: News, events, results, and skater biographies; published by U.S. Figure Skating in Colorado Springs, United States.
Figure skating magazines
- Figure Skate Life (フィギュアスケートLife), published multiple months per year by Fusosha in Tokyo, Japan (in Japanese).
- International Figure Skating (IFS), published every two months until 2023 by Susan D. Russell† in Denville Township, United States.
- Kiss & Cry, published multiple months per year by Tokyo News in Tokyo, Japan (in Japanese).
- Pirouette, published ten months per year by Stefan Schulze in Creglingen, Germany (in German).
- Skating Magazine, published eight months per year by Troy Schwindt, U.S. Figure Skating, in Colorado Springs, United States.
- World Figure Skating (ワールド·フィギュアスケート, WFS), published multiple months per year by Shinshokan in Tokyo, Japan (in Japanese).
- Other irregular or discontinued Japanese figure skating magazines:
- Figure Skate Days
- Figure Skating Cultural Book
- Figure Skating Magazine
- Quadruple Axel
Books about figure skating history and techniques
- Hines, James R. (February 20, 2006). Figure Skating: A History. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0252072864.
- Hines, James R. (April 22, 2011). Historical Dictionary of Figure Skating. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810868595.
- Hines, James R. (March 20, 2015). Figure Skating in the Formative Years: Singles, Pairs, and the Expanding Role of Women. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0252039065.
- Kestnbaum, Ellyn (May 21, 2003). Culture on Ice: Figure Skating and Cultural Meaning. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0819566423.
- Petkevich, John Misha (March 1, 1989). "Figure Skating: Championship Techniques". Sports Illustrated. New York City: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0452262096.
- Stevens, Ryan (November 4, 2022). The Almanac Of Canadian Figure Skating. Halifax, Nova Scotia: self-published. ISBN 979-8361974481.
- Stevens, Ryan (January 18, 2023). Technical Merit: A History of Figure Skating Jumps. Halifax, Nova Scotia: self-published. ISBN 979-8374044348.
Archiving sources[edit]
The International Skating Union often overwrites existing versions of a website or PDF document instead of creating a new page. Common expamples are figure skater biographies and various statistics pages. To make sure that the cited information does not get lost, archive a screenshot of the page at the Wayback Machine or archive.today.
To search the archive history of a specific web page for existing screenshots, enter the URL-address in the search bar of the Wayback Machine.
This example shows all screenshots of Javier Fernández' ISU biography page that were archived in 2017.
As per WP:PLRT, make sure to add the parameters |archive-date=
and |archive-url=
to the citation templates of all online sources used in an article. When all online sources have been successfully archived, add the template {{Archived reflist}} at the top of the article's talk page:
As of May 2024, all cited online sources and external links in this article have been archived using the Internet Archive Wayback Machine, archive.today or another web archive. |
See also[edit]
Manual of Style
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c d ISU progression of men's highest scores. Lausanne: International Skating Union (April 16, 2022). Statistics by competition segment:
- Total. Archived from the original on April 22, 2022.
- Short program. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022.
- Free skating. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022.
- ^ Header ref goes here
- ^ a b "Personal Bests – Yuzuru Hanyu (JPN)". International Skating Union. Lausanne. May 12, 2022. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022.
- ^ a b "Skating Scores – Yuzuru Hanyu (JPN)". Skating Scores. United States. Archived from the original on June 21, 2022.