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A manual wheelchair for daily use. with a rigrid frame

A manual wheelchair for incidentally use. with a foldable frame

A manual wheelchair for temporarily use. with a foldable frame

About wheelchairs

A wheelchair is a chair with wheels, and depending on the model:

• move the person in the wheelchair himself with his hands on;
• the wheelchair being pushed, or:
• Contains the wheelchair an electric motor which it is driven.

In recent years, through application of modern structures and lightweight materials such as carbon and titanium, a wide range for every application available. Also the control of electrically powered wheelchairs can be in very many ways. for people who can not walk a wheelchair is often the only replacement for the legs.

There are many different types of wheelchairs. which wheelchair is suitable, depends on many factors. especially what you all want to do with the wheelchair.

also, the walker, mobility scooter and handcycle for disabled, are often regarded as a wheelchair, but they are certainly not this. For a mobility scooter and a handcycle Different rules apply than wheelchairs.

push wheelchairs

A push wheelchair is a wheelchair you are unable to move at yourself. This wheelchair is designed to move persons with serious often multiple disabilities. The wheelchair is moved by pushing against two handles which are secured to the wheelchair. a push wheelchair is recognized by four small wheels. Sometimes seems like a push wheelchair at a manual wheelchair but it is not. one can recognize him to a tilt adjustment en ver naar achteren and far backwards placed rear wheels. that push wheelchairs are often used by individuals who are not actively bring the wheelchair itself in motion.

Manual wheelchairs

Manual wheelchairs are those that require human power to move them. Manual or self-propelled wheelchairs are propelled by the occupant, usually by turning the large rear wheels, from 20-26 inches (51–66 cm)in average diameter, and resembling bicycle wheels. The user moves the chair by pushing on the handrims, which are made of circular tubing attached to the outside of the large wheels. The handrims have a diameter that is slightly less than that of the rear wheels. Skilled users can control speed and turning and often learn to balance the chair on its rear wheels — do a wheelie. The wheelie is not just for show — a rider who can control the chair in this manner can climb and descend curbs and move over small obstacles. There are different types of manual wheelchairs.

Types of manual wheelchairs

Daily use

Wheelchairs for everyday use are used intensively from the moment of standing up to the time of going to bed again. They are often provided with an individual adjustment. A wheelchair for everyday use often has a rigid frame but also foldable versions occur. A wheelchair for daily use should not be more than 10 kg. These chairs are designed for people who can not walk.

Incidental use

A wheelchair for incidental use is intended for outdoor use For example, to be able to do shopping or go to an amusement park. These wheelchairs are for people who are not able to walk further than 100 meters. The wheelchair is often foldable. and often has individual adjustments. These wheelchairs weigh about 11 to 15 kg. Daily intensive use of this wheelchair can cause serious physical damage.

Temporary use

Wheelchairs for temporary use are intended for human with temporary disabilities to the legs such as a broken leg. This wheelchair is usually a standard version, and is intended for transport from bed to toilet and from bed to hospital etc. These wheelchairs have no individual adjustments. Such a chair weighs between 15 and 20 kg and often more. These wheelchairs should not be longer than a few weeks in a row used to prevent serious physical harm.

Wheelchair parts manual wheelchairs

Footplate

Casters

scissorbrake

tippingwheel

A manual wheelchair got a kind of important parts

The backrest and seat

A manual Wheelchair has mostley a canvas back, yet more individual robust design there is also a backrest made from rigid material. Depending on the height of the backrest, the lower the entire back Be it supported by the backrest. Typically, the backrest of al wheelchair for daily use extends slightly above the middle of the back. . The seat cushion is chosen taking into account the user's need for support and pressure ulcer risk.

Armrests and Clothes Guards

Armrests used to be on the right place when they are placed to low the person in the wheelchair doesn't have enouch support. When they are placed to high the person in the wheelchair may cause problems with the armpits will too much, because the arm rests in contact with this part of the body. Further armrests can make the wheels more difficult to reach if a user has an overly wide wheelchair or has limited ability to reach. Armrests aid in stability when reaching or when picking things up from the floor, On uneven terrain or hills, the wheelchair armrests can be used to balance and stabilize the user, Individuals who can stand also use the armrests for support when getting in and out of the wheelchair, armrests may make it difficult to get close to or under tables and desks. Clothes Guards are made from Solid plastic, fiber, or cloth. The device is shaped like a quarter of a circle and is situated between the wheelchair user and the rear wheels. Clothes Guards keeps clothes from rubbing against the rear wheels of the chair, they also acts as a barrier and protects user from debris tossed up by the wheels, and aids in pelvic containment when no arms are being used on a wheelchair.

Footplates and footrests

The feet of a person in a wheelchair based on a footplate or footrests. A footplate is usually secured to the frame and is usually used on a wheelchair with a rigid frame. But you also have foot plates that are foldable and thus resemble the foot plates attached to the frame. footrests are often separate from the frame and be secured to the frame to put a pin in hole connection. These footrests have many settings and can be folded up and folded away so that the person in the wheelchair can easily rise from the wheelchair. Footrests are therefore often used on wheelchairs for incidental and temporary use. Footplates and footrests are usually made of plastic but also of carbon. For wheelchairs with a fixed footplate, the footplate generally perpendicular below the knees or back mounted, this leads to an active posture. Footrests are often related to the movability of the supports placed before the knees so that they can be easily folded away, and the adjustability is maintained, but it worsened a active sitting and therefore the backrest a bit higher as with a fixed base. and therefore the backrest a bit higher as with a fixed footplate.

Wheels

In general, wheelchairs have four wheels, two large rear wheels and two small casters. Some sports wheelchairs such as tenniswheelchairs and some children's wheelchairs are also available in three wheel versions. racing wheelchairs have always 3 wheels.

Wheel diameter are expressed in inches. Active support for the wheel chair tires are usually a hard surface made ​​of rubber. The casters are depending on the model from 3 to 8 inch. Wheelchair rear wheels, tires like bicycle tires. The most common tire size is 24 inches behind. Pediatric wheelchair rear wheel tires are 18 - or 20-inch.

On the rear wheels may be massive or pneumatic tires can be used. The disadvantage of the pneumatic tires is that they can get leak. The disadvantage of massive jobs is deteriorating driving comfort.

Wheelchairs for daily use and sports wheelchairs, the rear wheels are almost always skewed in a negative camber. In this case, the upper edge of the wheel is closer to the bottom of the hull. This angle is called the camber angle. Wheelchair rear wheel camber angle is 3-20º. The camber angle is often fixed, and therefore can not adjust the vertical axis. Camber angle is particularly useful on sloping and uneven surfaces, it tilted to the wheels balanced by the wheelchair sideways. Camber angle to improve the wheelchair maneuverability: chair remains in the direction of better and more likely to obey when turning. Camber allows the user extends rims better, winding the efficiency increases. Camber angle prevents the user's fingers from being pinched for example, the wall and the coil between the ith mist. The camber angle of the large working can be used, however, disadvantages. Passage through narrow spaces difficult or even impossible it is, if the wheel camber angle is very large.

Wheelchair rear wheels, rims and spokes connecting the hub or spokes. Metal spokes are usually 38 pieces per wheel. However, the spoke wheel can also be a carbon fiber spools.

Spoke protectors

Spoke protectors are the round plates for the spokes, that the protect the spokes against damage, or against physical damage to the fingers of the person in the wheelchair. Spoke protectors are frequently used in children's wheelchairs. Spoke protectors are therefore available in many colors, patterns and images. Spoke protectors are also uses at Sports Wheelchairs at most for the Rugby sport. The spoke protectors for this rugby wheelchairs are made ​​of metal and not plastic because rugby is a very rough sport.

push handles

The handles can be found on the back of the wheelchair, as are considered necessary that a second person is needed to drive the wheelchair. A number of these handles can be height-adjusted in order to facilitate the pushing. There are also push handles models that can be folded away to the inside of the backrest, so that they are less visible. This deflection of the handles can be useful before transporting the wheelchair in a car, but also to avoid not necessary and unsolicited help from strangers.

brakes

Standard the brakes are positioned on the front of the rear wheels. Brakes are simple terms in two parts: brake lever and brake pads. On wheelchairs for temporary and incidentally use is generally the brake lever in the vertical direction. At wheelchairs for daily use are typically scissorbrakes used which can be moved in the horizontal direction. Usually the brakes like a normal parking brake. Besides the usual brake and the scissorbrake are dependent on the disability also adjusted brakes and drum brakes available.

tippingwheels

tippingwheels should prevent the wheelchair from inadvertently falling backwards. anti-tipping wheels are used for children's wheelchairs for everyday use and for the various sports wheelchairs, such as wheelchair basketball and wheelchair tennis. There are often one or two tippingwheels fitted to a wheelchair. Although the tipping wheels can be useful, they work in many cases very restrictive for the wheelchair user in daily use, such as barriers and curbs and using by the special wheelchair ramps of high sidewalks.

Motorized wheelchairs

A motorized Mid-Wheel based wheelchair for indoor use

A motorized Rear-Wheel based wheelchair for Indoor and outdoor use

An motorized wheelchair or electric-powered wheelchair is a wheelchair that is moved via the means of an electric motor and navigational controls, usually a small joystick mounted on the armrest, rather than manual power. For users who cannot manage a manual joystick, headswitches, chin-operated joysticks, sip-and-puff or other specialist controls may allow independent operation of the wheelchair. There are different types of motorized wheelchairs.

Types of mototized wheelchairs

Indoor use

These are motorized wheelchairs with small wheelsand a limited size.They often look like an office chair. and have a limited speed, up to 6 km/h.

Indoor and outdoor use (combi)

This is the most commonly used motorized wheelchair. He usually has large rear wheels and small front wheels. This wheelchair has a speed of 9 to 14 km / h and can be used anywhere except on unpaved roads.

outdoor use (off-road)

These are great sturdy-looking wheelchairs often with four-wheel drive. They are suitable for use on unpaved roads as in the forest or in the mud. For on the beach they are slightly less convenient, by sand-sensitive parts in the engine. These chairs are very strong.

Propulsion

Also in the motorized wheelchair, the wheels are an important component, indeed, a wheelchair can not drive without wheels. The wheels of the motorized wheelchair provide the Propulsion. Three variants are possible, front-wheel-based, Mid-Wheel based and Rear wheel based.

front-wheel-based

The front-wheel-propulsion has the advantage that they are very easy to rotate and comes without any major problems obstacles such as curbs on. A disadvantage of front-wheel drive wheelchairs is that they are not always quick.

Mid-Wheel based

The middle wheel-based wheelchair has the drive wheels in the middle of the wheelchair. and therefore has a center wheel based wheelchair six wheels. A major advantage of the mid-wheel-based is that the wheelchair can easily rotate in small spaces. A disadvantage of a wheelchair to the base in the center is that they may get stuck on fixed obstacles. That is why you often used this base for wheelchairs only be used inside. Although some manufacturers the obstacle problem of the middle wheel powered wheelchairs have been quite resolved.

Rear wheel based

The rear-wheel propulsion is the most known base, and has the advantage that the wheelchair remains stable at higher speeds, but the turning radius is quite large by rear wheel based wheelchairs. and is therefore not always suitable for indoor use.

Wheelchair parts motorized wheelchairs

Joystick and control panel

A motorized wheelchair got a kind of important parts

Control

The control of an electric wheelchair usually done with a joystick and a control panel. with the joystick can not only the drive, and the speed f the wheelchair to be regulated but also the control of the high / low adjustment of the wheelchair, the tilt adjustment of the backrest, the footrests and the lighting of the wheelchair. also possible with the control system still other cases be operated such as for example the sound of a radio and the opening and closing of a door. If the person in the wheelchair is not able to control a standard joystick, There are several models available joysticks, as a joystick offers no solution then there is a possibility of a wheelchair to operate with the head in combination with the legs. This is often a solution for people who are very spastic.

Sports wheelchairs

Basketbal wheelchair whithout a bar on the front

Rugby wheelchair for offence function

Tennis wheelchair

Racing wheelchair

Manual sports wheelchairs

A sports wheelchair is a wheelchair designed for sports and each sport has its own specific requirements. A common feature of sports wheelchairs is that the wheels are in a extremly negative camber.

• wheelchair basketball - These wheelchairs must be strong and light, and have tilted wheels to increase maneuverability, have at the back one or two tipping wheels against the collapse. At the front,There is a mandatory bumper which should not be higher dan 11 cm.

• Wheelchair Rugby - The wheelchair maneuverability and crash resistant. The implementation of the seat is dependent on the game function: offence or defence. This wheelchairs have a bumper at the front and wings on the sides so that the opponent is not the player can stop by his wheel between the front and rear parking. Additionally, all wheels fitted with spoke guards to prevent damage to the spokes, even rugby wheelchairs must be equipped with anti-tip wheels at the back.

• Wheelchair hockey (manual wheelchair) - These wheelchairs must be strong and light, and have tilted wheels to increase maneuverability, have at the back one or two tipping wheels against the collapse. At the front,There is a mandatory bumper. Without sharp protrusions and obstacles to get the ball to pass under the wheelchair.

• wheelchair tennis - A large inclination (camber) of the rear wheels, a flat or even better, a negative seating and positioning of the legs as much as possible rearward are characteristic of a tennis wheelchair.

• wheelchair racing - The race wheelchair is provided with a long wheel base to the front-wheel pressure to a minimum. Besides speaking, the stiffer the frame, the better the transfer of the arm strength of the athlete to speed. Forward sitting with their legs as much as possible under the seat, the body center of gravity as far as possible back.

• Wheelchair DanceSport - A dance wheelchair is light and agile and has a short wheelbase, allowing the partner to brief the chair around freely. When a valid partner dance, it is important that the seat of the dance wheelchair is quite high.

Motorized sports wheelchairs

These wheelchairs driving faster than normal wheelchairs, approximately 13.5 km/h, are very manoeuvrable and its sportier tuned than everyday wheelchairs. these wheelchairs also have a bar at the front. To protect te wheelchair and the player against clash. and cooling on the engine from overheating.

• Power hockey - These wheelchairs must be strong and fast with a good maneuverability. A power hockey wheelchair should not have more than 6 wheels including a maximum of 2 safety wheels. these wheelchairs have a bar on the front to protect the player.

Mobility Scooter User Manuals Power Wheelchair User Manuals== Ref == <references>