User:Prodrummer619/sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TODO[edit]

War:

Politics:

History:

Biographies:

This is a list of heads of state and government offices with religious requirements.

List[edit]

Heads of State and Deputy Head of state[edit]

Country Office (Title) Requirement Incumbent holder(s)
 Afghanistan Leader (Emir) Islam[1] Hibatullah Akhundzada
Deputy Leader Islam[1][2] Sirajuddin Haqqani (first)

Mullah Yaqoob (second)

Abdul Ghani Baradar (third)

 Andorra Prince Christianity[3] Joan Enric Vives i Sicília

Emmanuel Macron

 Algeria President Islam[4] Abdelmadjid Tebboune
 Bhutan Monarch (Druk Gyalpo) Buddhism[5] Jigme Khesar Namgyel
Crown Prince Buddhism[5] Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck
 Brunei Sultan Islam[3] Hassanal Bolkiah
 Indonesia President Pancasila philosophy[6] Joko Widodo
Vice President Pancasila philosophy[6] Ma'ruf Amin
 Iran Supreme Leader Shia Clergy[7] Ali Khamenei
 Jordan Monarch (King) Islam[3] Abdullah II
Crown Prince Islam[3] Hussein
 Lebanon President Maronite Catholicism Michel Aoun
 Malaysia Supreme Head (Yang di-Pertuan Agong) Islam Abdullah of Pahang
 Maldives President Islam[3] Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Vice President Islam[3] Faisal Naseem
 Mauritania President Islam[8][9] Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
 Oman Monarch (Sultan) Islam[3] Haitham bin Tariq
Crown Prince Islam[3] Theyazin bin Haitham
 Pakistan President Islam[3] Arif Alvi
 Qatar Monarch (Emir) Islam[3] Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
 Saudi Arabia Monarch (King) Islam[3] Salman
Crown Prince Islam[3] Mohammad Bin Salman
 Somalia President Islam[10] Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
 Tunisia President Islam[11] Kais Saied
 Yemen

Heads of Government and Deputy Head of Government[edit]

Heads of Parliament and Deputy Head of Parliament[edit]

Ceremonial monarchs[edit]

Federal monarchs[edit]

  1. ^ a b "The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan". Government of Afghanistan. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  2. ^ "How Afghanistan's Militant Groups Are Evolving Under Taliban Rule". www.voanews.com. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Theodorou, Angelina E. "In 30 countries, heads of state must belong to a certain religion". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
  4. ^ Constitution of Algeria
  5. ^ a b http://www.constitution.bt/TsaThrim%20Eng%20(A5).pdf
  6. ^ a b 2008 Law No. 42 on the Presidential and Vice Presidential Election
  7. ^ "Article 109 [Leadership Qualifications] (1) Following are the essential qualifications and conditions for the Leader: a. Scholarship, as required for performing the functions of the religious leader in different fields.
  8. ^ Mauritania Index http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/mr__indx.html ,
  9. ^ Full Text of Constitution http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/mr00000_.html#A023_
  10. ^ Provisional Constitution (adopted August 1, 2012)
  11. ^ « Pouvoir exécutif » archive, sur majles.marsad.tn (consulted 2 November 2018).

Useful stuff[edit]

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85:NAN%C3%B6R/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8

https://www.lp.gov.lb/ViewSessionCategories?typeId=3

https://theses.hal.science/tel-00954897/document[edit]


Terrorism in Lebanon[edit]

Types[edit]

State-sponsored terrorism[edit]

Israel[edit]

Beginning in July 1981, with a bomb attack on the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) offices at Fakhani Road in West Beirut,[1] these attacks were claimed by a group called the Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners. The FLLF was itself a front for Israeli agents,[2] and it killed hundreds of people between 1979 and 1983.[3][4]

Syria[edit]

Syria was designated as a "State Sponsor of Terrorism" by the United States in 1979 for Hafez's occupation policy in Lebanon and financing of numerous militant groups like PKK, Hezbollah, and several Iranian-backed terrorist groups.[5]

Islamic extremism[edit]

Sectarianism[edit]

Shia–Sunni violence[edit]

Antisemitism[edit]

Counterterrorism[edit]

Deadliest attacks[edit]

List of groups[edit]

Organisation Designators Notes
Abdullah Azzam Brigades United Nations,[6] Argentina,[7] Bahrain,[8] Canada,[9] Iraq,[10] Japan,[11] New Zealand,[12] United Arab Emirates,[13][14][15] United Kingdom,[16] United States[17] The Abdallah Azzam Brigades was formed by the Saudi national Saleh Al-Qaraawi in 2009 as an offshoot of al-Qaeda in Iraq, and was tasked with hitting targets in the Levant and throughout the Middle East. Qaraawi is a Saudi citizen and is on the list of 85 most-wanted terrorists that was issued by the Saudi Interior Ministry in 2009. The group claimed responsibility for multiple deadly attacks on Lebanon.
Abu Nidal Organization European Union,[18] Canada,[19] Japan,[20][21] United Kingdom[22] The group was involved in the Lebanese Civil War. It assassinated a Jordanian diplomat in Lebanon in January 1994 and has been linked to the killing of the PLO representative there.[23]
Al-Nusra Front United Nations,[24] Argentina,[25] Australia,[26] Bahrain,[27] Canada,[28] Iran,[29] Iraq,[30][31] Japan,[32] Kazakhstan,[33] Kuwait,[34] Kyrgyzstan[35] Lebanon,[36] Malaysia,[37] New Zealand,[38] Syria,[39][40] Russia,[41] Saudi Arabia,[42] Tajikistan,[43] Turkey,[44][45] United Arab Emirates,[46][47][48] United Kingdom,[49] United States[50]
Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia United States,[51] Azerbaijan[52]
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine United States
Fatah United States
Hamas European Union,[53][54] Argentina,[55] Australia,[56] Canada,[57] Israel,[58] Japan,[59][60] New Zealand,[61] Paraguay,[62] United Kingdom,[63] United States,[64] Organization of American States[65]
Hezbollah Arab League,[66] Gulf Cooperation Council,[67] Argentina,[68] Australia,[69] Bahrain,[70] Canada,[71] Colombia,[72] Germany,[73] Honduras,[72] Israel,[74] Malaysia,[75] Paraguay,[76] Saudi Arabia,[77] United Arab Emirates,[77] United Kingdom,[78] United States[79]
Hizb ut-Tahrir China,[80] Egypt,[81] Indonesia,[82] Iran,[81] Kazakhstan,[83] Pakistan,[84] Russia,[85] Saudi Arabia,[81] Tunisia,[86] Tajikistan,[87] Turkey,[88][89] United Kingdom[90]
Hayat Tahrir al-Sham United Nations,[91] Argentina,[92] New Zealand,[93] Russia,[94] Turkey,[95] United Kingdom,[96] United States, Morocco[97]
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant United Nations,[98] European Union,[99] Argentina,[100] Australia,[101] Azerbaijan,[102] Bahrain,[103] Canada,[104] China,[105] Egypt,[106] India,[107] Indonesia,[108]Iraq,[109][110][111] Iran,[112] Israel,[113] Japan,[114] Jordan,[115] Kazakhstan,[116] Kuwait,[117] Kyrgyzstan[118] Lebanon,[119][120] Malaysia,[121] New Zealand,[122] Pakistan,[123] Paraguay,[124] Russia,[125] Saudi Arabia,[126] Tajikistan,[127] Turkey,[128][129] United Arab Emirates,[130][131][132] United Kingdom,[133] United States[134]
Jund al-Sham Russia[135]
Kurdistan Workers' Party European Union,[136] NATO,[137] Australia,[138] Austria,[139] Azerbaijan,[140] Bulgaria, Canada,[141] Czech Republic,[142] Finland,[137] Iran,[143] Japan,[144] Kazakhstan,[145] Kyrgyzstan,[146] Netherlands,[147] New Zealand,[148] Poland, Portugal, Spain,[149] Syria,[150] Sweden,[137] Turkey,[151] United Kingdom,[152] United States[153]
Osbat al-Ansar United Nations,[154] Argentina,[155] Bahrain,[156] Canada,[157] Japan,[158] Kazakhstan,[159] New Zealand,[160] Russia,[161] United Arab Emirates,[162][163][164] United Kingdom,[165] United States[166]
Palestinian Islamic Jihad European Union,[167] Australia,[168] Canada,[169] Israel,[170] Japan,[171][172] New Zealand,[173] United Kingdom,[174] United States[175]
Palestinian Liberation Front United Kingdom
Palestine Liberation Organization United Kingdom
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine European Union,[176] Canada,[177] Japan,[178][179] United States[180]
PFLP-GC European Union,[181] Canada,[182] Japan,[183][184] United Kingdom,[185] United States[186]

Casualties[edit]

Combatants[edit]

Group Deaths Injuries Source
Amal Movement 15 Unknown
Hamas Hamas 13 Unknown
Hezbollah 262 Unknown
Islamic Group 3 Unknown
Islamic Azz Brigades 3 Unknown
File:Flag of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.svg Al-Quds Brigades 18 Unknown
SSNP-L 1 Unknown

Non-Combatants[edit]

Group Deaths Injuries Source
Civilians[187] 66 947 [188]
UNIFL 0 7
Journalists
Al Mayadeen 2 0
Al Jazeera 0 2
AFP 0 2
Al Jadeed 0 1
Al Manar 0 1
Reuters 1 2
Medical workers
Emergency Aid Association

(Islamic Group)

7
Islamic Health Authority

(Hezbollah)

9
Islamic Risala Scout Association

(Amal Movement)

3
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  3. ^ Bergman, Ronen (23 January 2018). "How Arafat Eluded Israel's Assassination Machine". New York Times Magazine. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  4. ^ National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START). (2018). Global Terrorism Database [Data file]. Retrieved from https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd Archived 2016-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Ker-Lindsay, James (27 April 2023). "Is Syria No Longer a Pariah State?". World Politics Review. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023.
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