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TOM McARTHUR. "HINDI." Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Sep. 2015 <http://www.encyclopedia.com> "HINDI. An Indo-Aryan language, spoken by over 250m people in India and by Indians in Britain, Canada, FIJI, GUYANA, South Africa, SURINAM, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, the US, and elsewhere. Hindi is the official language of India, with English as associate official language, the state language of Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh, and one of India's 15 national languages. It is written in a modified form of the Devanagari script, and its literary tradition dates from medieval times. Hindi proper has three stylistic varieties: a Sanskritized variety used in higher law courts, administration, legislation, journalism, literature, philosophy, and religion; a Persianized variety used in lower law courts, in certain genres of literature, and in films; an Anglicized variety in day-to-day administration, on college campuses, and in scientific and technical registers. See BORROWING, BRITISH LANGUAGES, COCKNEY, CODE-MIXING AN CODE-SWITCHING, INDIAN ENGLISH, SANSKRIT, SOUTH AFRICAN LANGUAGES"

http://www.britannica.com/topic/Hindi-language (Best) http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Hindi.aspx (Normal) https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hin (Poor description)

Add more statistics http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/hindi (2009) https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hin (2001)

Like Chinese or Arabic the word 'Hindi' denotes both the state language of standard Hindi and broader several related North Indian languages ​​and dialects. In the latter case, linguists do not agree on which language to be classified as Hindi languages..

Standard Hindi

Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari (early 19th century)

Hindi (हिन्दी, Hindi pronunciation: [ˈhɪndi]), or 'Standard Hindi' (मानक हिन्दी), more precisely 'Modern Standard Hindi' (आधुनिक मानक हिंदी), is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language. Standard Hindi is one of the official languages of India. The Central Hindi Directorate is official standard and regulatory organisation of Hindi. The Standard Hindi is language of text books, education and literature.

Estimated number of speaker

See also: Languages of India and Census of India

Linguist and Statisticians speaks different language on numbers of Hindi speakers.

Hindi is ranked in top five languages of the world in lists of languages by number of native speakers without other Hindi languages. It is also in top five languages compiled in List of languages by total number of speakers without other Hindi languages.

Linguist Reference:

U.S. based Ethnologue estimates as of 2001 native Hindi (ISO 639-3) population from all countries to be 260 Million (260,333,620) and L2 users: 120,000,000 in India (Wiesenfeld 1999). . This number does not include other major Hindi languages like Bhojpuri (39,716,000). Ethnologue uses macrolanguage method to count multiple scripts and dialects of Chinese, Arabic, Spanish.

Sweden based Nationalencyklopedin (​NE)​ estimates as of 2009 Hindi is spoken by over 313 million.

"Hindi language". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 07 Sep. 2015 <http://www.britannica.com/topic/Hindi-language> The Central Hindi Directorate, a government agency with the mission of standardizing and modernizing Hindi, is moving the language closer to Sanskrit. Non-Hindi speakers, however, are pulling the language in another direction by using increasing numbers of English words and phrases and by simplifying the complex rules of subject-verb agreement found in standard Hindi. Notably, both groups are motivated by the same goal—to widen the scope of Hindi by making it more comprehensible to non-Hindi speakers. Hindi language, member of the Indo-Aryan group within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. It is the preferred official language of India, although much national business is also done in English and the other languages recognized in the Indian constitution. In India, Hindi is spoken as a first language by nearly 425 million people and as a second language by some 120 million more. Significant Hindi speech communities are also found in South Africa, Mauritius, Bangladesh, Yemen, and Uganda.

Statistical Reference:

The Language Division of Census of India is collecting statistics on languages beginning from 1872 (more than 140 years). India is few of the countries including USA, UK, Australia which conducts such census. . However as of Aug-2015 it has not released language data from 2011 Census. All reference is only from Census 2001.

In the 2001 Indian census, 257.9 million (257,919,635) people in India reported Standard Hindi to be their native language from total of 422 million (422,048,642) of Hindi languages .