User:Mr. Ibrahem/Vaginal cancer
| Vaginal cancer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Stage 3 vaginal cancer | |
| Specialty | Oncology |
| Symptoms | Abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, mass within the vagina, pain with urination[1][2] |
| Usual onset | 50 to 70 years of age[3] |
| Types | Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma (including clear cell carcinoma), melanoma, sarcoma[1][4] |
| Risk factors | HPV, diethylstilbestrol, smoking, prior hysterectomy for a tumor[1][3] |
| Diagnostic method | Biopsy[5] |
| Differential diagnosis | Cervical cancer, cancer of the vulva[1] |
| Prevention | HPV vaccine, safe sex, not smoking[3] |
| Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy[2] |
| Prognosis | Five year survival 47%[6] |
| Frequency | Uncommon[1] |
Vaginal cancer is when cancer forms from healthy tissue within the vagina.[2][4] Symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, pain with sex, a mass within the vagina, and pain with urination.[1][2] If the cervix is involved, it is classified as cervical cancer rather than vaginal cancer.[1]
Risk factors include human papilloma virus (HPV), diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero, smoking, and a prior hysterectomy for a tumor.[1][3] Squamous cell carcinomas make up about 85% of cases while adenocarcinoma make up about 7.5%.[1] Definitive diagnosis is by biopsy.[5] Cancer may also spreads from elsewhere to the vagina and this is more common.[4]
Prevention includes the HPV vaccine, safe sex, and not smoking.[3] Treatment depends on the stage of disease.[2] Options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.[2] Vaginal cancer represent less than 2% of female genital cancers.[1] It is most common in those 50 to 70 years of age.[3] The overall five year survival is 47%.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Vaginal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version - National Cancer Institute". www.cancer.gov. 9 October 2020. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "Vaginal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version - National Cancer Institute". www.cancer.gov. 29 May 2020. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "Vaginal Cancer - Risk Factors and Prevention". Cancer.Net. 25 June 2012. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ a b c "Vaginal Cancer - Introduction". Cancer.Net. 25 June 2012. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Vaginal Cancer - Diagnosis". Cancer.Net. 25 June 2012. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Vaginal Cancer - Statistics". Cancer.Net. 25 June 2012. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.