User:Mr. Ibrahem/Second-degree atrioventricular block

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Second-degree atrioventricular block
Other namesSecond-degree heart block
ECGs demonstrating forms of second-degree AV block
SpecialtyCardiology
SymptomsType I: None[1]
Type II: Tiredness, shortness of breath, chest pain, syncope[1]
ComplicationsType II: Third-degree AV block, sudden cardiac death[1]
TypesMobitz type I, Mobitz type II[1]
CausesNormal, coronary artery disease, certain medications, high blood potassium, cardiomyopathy, after heart surgery[1]
Diagnostic methodElectrocardiogram[1]
Differential diagnosisFirst-degree AV block, third-degree AV block, sinoatrial block[1]
TreatmentRoutine follow-up, stopping certain medications, pacemaker[1]

Second-degree atrioventricular block (second-degree AV block) is were the electrical signals from the upper to lower chambers of the heart are occasionally blocked.[1] It is divided into Mobitz type I and Mobitz type II.[2] Type I disease usually has no symptoms while type II disease often presents with tiredness, shortness of breath, chest pain, or syncope.[1] Type II disease may progress to third-degree AV block or sudden cardiac death.[1]

Type I may be normal in a younger person or athlete.[2] However, it may also occur due to coronary artery disease, certain medications, high blood potassium, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic fever, or after heart surgery.[1] Medications that may be involved include beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiarrhythmics, and digoxin.[1] Type II disease is generally always due to an underlying problem.[2]

Diagnosis is by electrocardiogram (ECG).[1] In type I disease the PR interval becomes longer with each beat, until an atrial impulse is completely blocked resulting in a dropped beat.[1] In type II the PR interval dose not change and atrial impulses are intermittently blocked.[1] If every second beat is dropped it can be difficult to differentiate between type I and II.[1] It is a type of atrioventricular block.[1]

Specific teatment for type I disease is often not necessary.[1] Medication that may be worsening the condition may be reduced or stopped and the person follow up.[1] If a slow heartrate or low blood pressure occurs this can often be treated with atropine.[1] Rarely cardiac pacing maybe required.[1] Type II disease is nearly always treated with cardiac pacing.[1] Type I disease was first described by Karel Frederik Wenckebach in 1899, while type II disease was first described by Woldemar Mobitz in 1924.[3][4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Mangi, MA; Jones, WM; Mansour, MK; Napier, L (January 2020). "Atrioventricular Block Second-Degree". PMID 29493981. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ a b c "Atrioventricular Block - Cardiovascular Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 6 April 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  3. ^ Stergiopoulos, Kathleen; Brown, David L. (2013). Evidence-Based Cardiology Consult. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-4471-4441-0. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
  4. ^ PA-C, David Roberts, MSPAS, RN (2019). Mastering the 12-Lead EKG. Springer Publishing Company. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-8261-8194-7. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-29.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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