User:Mr. Ibrahem/Scoliosis
| Scoliosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Orthopedics |
| Symptoms | Sideways curve in the back[2] |
| Usual onset | 10–20 years old[2] |
| Causes | Usually unknown[3] |
| Risk factors | Family history, cerebral palsy, Marfan syndrome, tumors such as neurofibromatosis[2] |
| Diagnostic method | X-ray[2] |
| Treatment | Watchful waiting, bracing, exercises, surgery[2][4] |
| Frequency | 3%[5] |
Scoliosis is a medical condition in which a person's spine has a sideways curve.[2] The curve is usually "S"- or "C"-shaped over three dimensions.[2][6] In some, the degree of curve is stable, while in others, it increases over time.[3] Mild scoliosis does not typically cause problems, but severe cases can interfere with breathing.[3][7] Typically, no pain is present.[8]
The cause of most cases is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.[3] Risk factors include other affected family members.[2] It can also occur due to another condition such as muscle spasms, cerebral palsy, Marfan syndrome, and tumors such as neurofibromatosis.[2] Diagnosis is confirmed with X-rays.[2] Scoliosis is typically classified as either structural in which the curve is fixed, or functional in which the underlying spine is normal.[2]
Treatment depends on the degree of curve, location, and cause.[2] Minor curves may simply be watched periodically.[2] Treatments may include bracing, specific exercises, and surgery.[2][4] The brace must be fitted to the person and used daily until growing stops.[2] Specific exercises may be used to try to decrease the risk of worsening.[4] They may be done alone or along with other treatments such as bracing.[9][10] Evidence that chiropractic manipulation, dietary supplements, or exercises can prevent the condition from worsening is weak.[2][11] However, exercise is still recommended due to its other health benefits.[2]
Scoliosis occurs in about 3% of people.[5] It most commonly occurs between the ages of 10 and 20.[2] Females typically are more severely affected than males.[2][3] The term is from Ancient Greek: σκολίωσις, romanized: skoliosis which means "a bending".[12]
References[edit]
- ^ "scoliosis". Merriam Webster. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Questions and Answers about Scoliosis in Children and Adolescents". NIAMS. December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "adolescent idiopathic scoliosis". Genetics Home Reference. September 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ a b c Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, Czaprowski D, Schreiber S, de Mauroy JC, et al. (2018). "2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth". Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders. 13: 3. doi:10.1186/s13013-017-0145-8. PMC 5795289. PMID 29435499.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Shakil H, Iqbal ZA, Al-Ghadir AH (2014). "Scoliosis: review of types of curves, etiological theories and conservative treatment". Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 27 (2): 111–15. doi:10.3233/bmr-130438. PMID 24284269.
- ^ Illés TS, Lavaste F, Dubousset JF (April 2019). "The third dimension of scoliosis: The forgotten axial plane". Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research. 105 (2): 351–59. doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2018.10.021. PMID 30665877.
- ^ Yang S, Andras LM, Redding GJ, Skaggs DL (January 2016). "Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Review of History, Current Treatment, and Future Directions". Pediatrics. 137 (1): e20150709. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-0709. PMID 26644484.
- ^ Agabegi SS, Kazemi N, Sturm PF, Mehlman CT (December 2015). "Natural History of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Skeletally Mature Patients: A Critical Review". The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 23 (12): 714–23. doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-14-00037. PMID 26510624.
- ^ Berdishevsky H, Lebel VA, Bettany-Saltikov J, Rigo M, Lebel A, Hennes A, Romano M, Białek M, M'hango A, Betts T, de Mauroy JC, Durmala J (2016). "Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises – a comprehensive review of seven major schools". Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders. 11: 20. doi:10.1186/s13013-016-0076-9. PMC 4973373. PMID 27525315.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Park JH, Jeon HS, Park HW (June 2018). "Effects of the Schroth exercise on idiopathic scoliosis: a meta-analysis". European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 54 (3): 440–49. doi:10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04461-6. PMID 28976171.
- ^ Thompson, JY; Williamson, EM; Williams, MA; Heine, PJ; Lamb, SE; ACTIvATeS Study, Group. (27 October 2018). "Effectiveness of scoliosis-specific exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis compared with other non-surgical interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Physiotherapy. 105 (2): 214–34. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2018.10.004. PMID 30824243.
- ^ "scoliosis". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.