User:Mr. Ibrahem/Renal cell cancer
| Mr. Ibrahem/Renal cell cancer | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Renal cell carcinoma, renal adenocarcinoma, hypernephroma[1] |
 | |
| Micrograph of the most common type of renal cell carcer (clear cell)—on right of the image; non-tumour kidney is on the left of the image. Nephrectomy specimen. H&E stain | |
| Specialty | Oncology, urology |
| Symptoms | Blood in the urine, flank pain, abdominal mass, weight loss[2] |
| Complications | High blood calcium, high red blood cells, amyloidosis, liver dysfunction[3] |
| Usual onset | 50 to 70 year old[4] |
| Types | Stage I to IV[2] |
| Causes | Unknown[4] |
| Risk factors | Obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell disease, kidney stones[4][2] |
| Diagnostic method | Medical imaging, biopsy[4][2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Renal oncocytoma, angiomyolipoma, metastases, lymphoma, abscess, renal infarct[4] |
| Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, arterial embolization[2] |
| Prognosis | Five-year survival 90% to 5% depending on stage[4] |
Renal cell cancer (RCC) is a type of kidney cancer that arises from the tubules of the kidney.[2] Symptoms may include blood in the urine, flank pain, an abdominal mass, and weight loss.[2] It may spread to lymph nodes, lungs, liver, adrenal glands, brain or bones.[2] Complications may include high blood calcium, high red blood cells, amyloidosis, and liver dysfunction.[3]
The cause is usually unknown.[4] Risk factors include obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell disease, exposure to certain chemicals, and kidney stones.[4][2] It is associated with a number of genetic conditions including Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome.[4] Diagnosis is generally by medical imaging and biopsy.[4][2]
Management depends on the stage of the cancer.[4] Surgery to remove part or all of the kidney is a central part of treatment.[1][2] Other treatments may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or arterial embolization.[2] The five-year survival varies from 90% to 5% depending on the stage of the cancer.[4]
Renal cell cancer occurred in more than 363,000 people globally in 2018 and 74,000 people in the United States in 2020.[1][5] Males are affected more often than females.[4] The most common age of onset is between 50 and 70.[4] It represents more than 90% of cancers that start in the kidneys, with transitional cell carcinoma being the next most common.[5][4] While the first description of kidney cancer dates to 1613 by Daniel Sennert, the first renal cell cancer was described in 1810 by Miril.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c "Renal Cell Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version - National Cancer Institute". www.cancer.gov. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Renal Cell Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version - National Cancer Institute". www.cancer.gov. 20 February 2004. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ a b Palapattu, GS; Kristo, B; Rajfer, J (2002). "Paraneoplastic syndromes in urologic malignancy: the many faces of renal cell carcinoma". Reviews in urology. 4 (4): 163–70. PMID 16985675.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Garfield, K; LaGrange, CA (January 2020). "Renal Cell Cancer". PMID 29261992.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Wild, Christopher (2020). "5.16". World Cancer Report: Cancer Research for Cancer Prevention (pdf). Lyon: International Agency for Research. p. 447. ISBN 978-92-832-0448-0.
- ^ Antic, Tatjana; Taxy, Jerome B. (2014). Renal Neoplasms: An Integrative Approach To Cytopathologic Diagnosis. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4939-0431-0.