User:Mr. Ibrahem/Perforated eardrum
| Perforated eardrum | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |
 | |
| A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the malleus (hammer bone). | |
| Specialty | ENT surgery |
| Symptoms | Hearing loss, ear pain, ear discharge, ringing in the ear[1] |
| Complications | Long-term hearing loss, cholesteatoma, mastoiditis[2] |
| Usual onset | Sudden[2] |
| Causes | Middle ear infection, physical trauma, overpressure[1][3] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on examination by otoscopy[1] |
| Treatment | Conservative, antibiotics, surgery[1] |
| Prognosis | Good[2] |
| Frequency | Relatively frequent[2] |
Perforated eardrum, also known as perforated tympanic membrane, is a hole in the eardrum.[1] Symptoms may include hearing loss, ear pain, discharge from the ear, or ringing in the ear.[1] Vertigo may occur, but is typically brief, unless there is an associated inner ear injury.[2][3] Complications may include long-term hearing loss, cholesteatoma, and mastoiditis.[2]
Causes may include a middle ear infection, trauma such as being hit in the ear or ear clearing, a loud noise, or change in pressure, such as seen with scuba diving.[1][3] Diagnosis can be confirmed by looking in the ear with an otoscope.[1] Hearing testing may also be done.[3]
Often a perforations will heal on its own; with recommendations including keeping the ear dry until then.[1][3] If an underlying infection is present, this may be treated with antibiotics.[1] If the hole is large or does not resolve after two month surgery may be an option.[1][3]
Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.[2] They most commonly occurs in younger people.[2] Males are more commonly affected than females.[2] Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears.[4][5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Perforated eardrum". nhs.uk. 23 October 2017. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Dolhi, N; Weimer, AD (January 2022). "Tympanic Membrane Perforations". PMID 32491810.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f "Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
- ^ Watkinson, John C.; Clarke, Ray W. (12 June 2018). Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery: Volume 2: Paediatrics, The Ear, and Skull Base Surgery. CRC Press. p. PT2310. ISBN 978-1-351-39899-2. Archived from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
- ^ Sarkar, Saurav (28 May 2016). Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A New Horizon. JP Medical Ltd. p. PA53. ISBN 978-93-85891-62-5. Archived from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.