User:Mr. Ibrahem/Nivolumab
 Fab fragment of nivolumab (blue) binding the extracellular domain of PD-1 (purple). From PDB entry 5ggr. | |
| Monoclonal antibody | |
|---|---|
| Type | Whole antibody |
| Source | Human |
| Target | PD-1 |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Opdivo |
| Other names | ONO-4538, BMS-936558, MDX1106 |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a614056 |
| License data | |
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Routes of administration | Intravenous (IV) |
| Drug class | Immunotherapy[2] |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C6362H9862N1712O1995S42 |
| Molar mass | 143599.39 g·mol−1 |
Nivolumab, sold under the brand name Opdivo, is a medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.[3] This includes melanoma, lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, head and neck cancer, colon cancer, and liver cancer.[3] It is used by slow injection into a vein.[3]
Common side effects include tiredness, rash, liver problems, muscles pains, and cough.[3] Severe side effects may include immune-related lung, intestinal, liver, kidney, skin, or endocrine problems.[3] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby and use when breastfeeding is not recommended.[3][1] Nivolumab is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks PD-1.[3] It is a type of Immunotherapy and works as a checkpoint inhibitor, blocking a signal that prevents activation of T cells from attacking the cancer.[3][2]
Nivolumab was approved for medical use in the United States in 2014.[3][5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about £5266 a month as of 2018.[7] In the United States this amount costs about US$13,556 as of 2019,[8] while in China it is about US$7,000.[9] It is made using Chinese hamster ovary cells.[10]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c "Nivolumab (Opdivo) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 4 November 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ a b "Nivolumab (Opdivo) | Cancer information | Cancer Research UK". www.cancerresearchuk.org. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Nivolumab Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Opdivo- nivolumab injection". DailyMed. 17 December 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 852. ISBN 9780857113382.
- ^ "Opdivo Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
- ^ "Bristol-Myers will sell Opdivo in China at half of US cost, setting precedent for checkpoint wave — report". Endpoints News. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
- ^ Rajan A, Kim C, Heery CR, Guha U, Gulley JL (September 2016). "Nivolumab, anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy: Role in advanced cancers". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 12 (9): 2219–31. doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1175694. PMC 5027703. PMID 27135835.