User:Mr. Ibrahem/NPH insulin
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 A vial of NPH insulin with insulin syringe | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Novolin N, Humulin N, Insulatard, others |
| Other names | Neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin,[1] protamine zinc insulin (slightly different),[2] isophane insulin,[2] compound insulin zinc suspension (slightly different),[2] intermediate-acting insulin |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682611 |
| Routes of administration | Subcutaneous |
| Drug class | Insulin (intermediate)[3] |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Onset of action | 90 minutes[3] |
| Duration of action | 24 hours[3] |
NPH insulin, also known as isophane insulin, is an intermediate-acting insulin given to help control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.[3] It is used by injection under the skin once to twice a day.[1] Onset of effects is typically in 90 minutes and they last for 24 hours.[3] Versions are available that come premixed with a short-acting insulin, such as regular insulin.[2]
The common side effect is low blood sugar.[3] Other side effects may include pain or skin changes at the sites of injection, low blood potassium, and allergic reactions.[3] Use during pregnancy is relatively safe for the baby.[3] NPH insulin is made by mixing regular insulin and protamine in exact proportions with zinc and phenol such that a neutral-pH is maintained and crystals form.[1] There are human and pig insulin based versions.[1]
Protamine insulin was first created in 1936 and NPH insulin in 1946.[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[5] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$2.23–10.35 per 1,000 iu of NPH insulin.[6] In the United Kingdom 1,000 iu of NPH insulin costs the NHS £7.48 while in the United States this amount costs about US$134.00.[2][7] NPH is an abbreviation for "neutral protamine Hagedorn".[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f Owens, D. R. (1986). Human Insulin: Clinical Pharmacological Studies in Normal Man. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 134–136. ISBN 9789400941618. Archived from the original on 2017-01-18.
- ^ a b c d e British national formulary: BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 464–472. ISBN 9780857111562.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Insulin Human". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
- ^ "Single Drug Information – International Medical Products Price Guide". mshpriceguide. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Insulin, Neutral Soluble". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ "NADAC as of 2016-12-07 | Data.Medicaid.gov". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2017.