User:Mr. Ibrahem/Methemoglobinemia
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| Methemoglobinemia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Hemoglobin M disease[1] |
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| Chocolate-brown blood due to methemoglobinemia | |
| Specialty | Toxicology |
| Symptoms | Headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, nausea, poor muscle coordination, blue-colored skin[2] |
| Causes | Benzocaine, nitrates, dapsone, genetics[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Blood gas[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Argyria, sulfhemoglobinemia, heart failure[3] |
| Treatment | Oxygen therapy, methylene blue[3] |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment[3] |
| Frequency | Relatively uncommon[3] |
Methemoglobinemia is a condition of elevated methemoglobin in the blood.[2] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, nausea, poor muscle coordination, and blue-colored skin (cyanosis).[2] Complications may include seizures and heart arrhythmias.[3]
Methemoglobinemia can be due to certain medications, chemicals, or food or it can be inherited from a person's parents.[2] Substances involved may include benzocaine, nitrates, or dapsone.[3] The underlying mechanism involves some of the iron in hemoglobin being converted from the ferrous [Fe2+] to the ferric [Fe3+] form.[3] The diagnosis is often suspected based on symptoms and a low blood oxygen that does not improve with oxygen therapy.[3] Diagnosis is confirmed by a blood gas.[3]
Treatment is generally with oxygen therapy and methylene blue.[3] Other treatments may include vitamin C, exchange transfusion, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.[3] Outcomes are generally good with treatment.[3] Methemoglobinemia is relatively uncommon, with most cases being acquired rather than genetic.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ "Methemoglobinemia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d "NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms". National Cancer Institute. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ludlow, JT; Wilkerson, RG; Nappe, TM (January 2019). "Methemoglobinemia". PMID 30726002.
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