User:Mr. Ibrahem/Fosfomycin

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Not to be confused with Fosmidomycin.
Mr. Ibrahem/Fosfomycin
Structural formula of fosfomycin
Ball-and-stick model of the fosfomycin molecule
Clinical data
Trade namesMonuril, Monurol, others
Other namesPhosphomycin, phosphonomycin, fosfomycin tromethamine
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa697008
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability30–37% (by mouth, fosfomycin tromethamine); varies with food intake
Protein bindingNil
MetabolismNil
Elimination half-life5.7 hours (mean)
ExcretionKidney and fecal, unchanged
Identifiers
  • [(2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]phosphonic acid
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC3H7O4P
Molar mass138.059 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point94 °C (201 °F)
  • C[C@H]1[C@H](O1)P(=O)(O)O
  • InChI=1S/C3H7O4P/c1-2-3(7-2)8(4,5)6/h2-3H,1H3,(H2,4,5,6)/t2-,3+/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:YMDXZJFXQJVXBF-STHAYSLISA-N checkY
  (verify)

Fosfomycin, sold under the brand name Monurol among others, is an antibiotic primarily used to treat bladder infections.[3] It is not recommended for kidney infections.[3] Occasionally it is used for prostate infections.[3] It is generally taken by mouth.[3]

Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, headache, and vaginal yeast infections.[3] Severe side effects may include anaphylaxis and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.[3] While use during pregnancy has not been found to be harmful, such use is not recommended.[4] A single dose when breastfeeding appears safe.[4] Fosfomycin works by interfering with the production of the bacterial cell wall.[3]

Fosfomycin was discovered in 1969 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1996.[3][5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] It is available as a generic medication.[7] In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about £4.86 for a course of treatment.[7] This amount in the United States has a cost of about US$95 as of 2019.[8] It was originally produced by certain types of Streptomyces, although it is now made chemically.[5]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "FOSFOMYCIN TROMETAMOL oral - Essential drugs". medicalguidelines.msf.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  2. ^ a b "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Fosfomycin Tromethamine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  4. ^ a b "Fosfomycin (Monurol) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  5. ^ a b Finch, Roger G.; Greenwood, David; Whitley, Richard J.; Norrby, S. Ragnar (2010). Antibiotic and Chemotherapy E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 259. ISBN 9780702047657. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-05-25.
  6. ^ "World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019" (Document). 2019. hdl:10665/325771. {{cite document}}: Cite document requires |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ a b British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 560–561. ISBN 9780857113382.
  8. ^ "Fosfomycin". Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
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