User:Mr. Ibrahem/Endophthalmitis

Endophthalmitis
A hazy eye with a hypopyon
Specialty	Ophthalmology
Symptoms	Vision loss, eye pain, red eye, hypopyon, corneal edema
Complications	Glaucoma, orbital cellulitis, loss of the eye
Types	Exogenous, endogenous
Causes	Bacteria (95%), fungi (5%)
Risk factors	Eye surgery, eye injury, eye injections
Diagnostic method	Eye examination, microbial culture of the eye
Differential diagnosis	Toxic anterior segment syndrome, uveitis, vitreous hemorrhage
Prevention	Povidone-iodine before eye surgery
Treatment	Antibiotics, vitrectomy, corticosteroids, atropine

Endophthalmitis is inflammation of the interior cavity of the eye, usually caused by infection. Symptoms may include vision loss, eye pain, red eye, hypopyon, and corneal edema. Complications may include glaucoma, orbital cellulitis, loss of the eye itself.

It usually is due to a bacterial infection (95%), though may also occur due to fungi (5%). Risk factors include eye surgery, eye injury, and eye injections. Occasionally it may spread from other areas of the body. Diagnosis is based on eye examination and microbial culture of the eye.

Treatment involves antibiotics, such as vancomycin and ceftazidime or amikacin, which are typically given by injection into the eye. Amphotericin B or voriconazole may be used for fungal infections. Other measures may include vitrectomy, corticosteroids, and atropine eye drops.

Endophthalmitis, unrelated to eye procedures, is uncommon. Following open globe injury it occurs in up to 15 to 30% of cases. In the United States it occurs in about 4 per 10,000 cataract surgeries and 1 per 20,000 eye injections.