User:Mr. Ibrahem/Clobazam

Mr. Ibrahem/Clobazam
Clinical data
Pronunciation	kloe' ba zam
Trade names	Frisium, Urbanol, Onfi, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a612008
License data	EU EMA: by INN; US DailyMed: Clobazam; US FDA: Clobazam;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C; ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth
Drug class	Benzodiazepine
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); CA: Schedule IV; DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses); NZ: Class C; UK: Class C; US: Schedule IV; In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	87% (by mouth)
Protein binding	80–90%
Metabolism	Liver
Metabolites	N-desmethylclobazam; 4′-hydroxyclobazam; ;
Onset of action	0.5–4 hours
Elimination half-life	clobazam: 36–42 hours; N-desmethylclobazam: 59–82 hours; ;
Excretion	Kidney (82%); Feces (11%); ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-dione;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C16H13ClN2O2
Molar mass	300.74 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES ClC1=CC(N(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(CC(N3C)=O)=O)=C3C=C1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O2/c1-18-13-8-7-11(17)9-14(13)19(16(21)10-15(18)20)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-9H,10H2,1H3 ; Key:CXOXHMZGEKVPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Clobazam, sold under the brand names Frisium among others, is a medication used to treat anxiety and epilepsy.^[2] This includes Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet syndrome.^[3] For anxiety it should only be used short term.^[2] It is taken by mouth.^[2]

Common side effects include sedation, drooling, vomiting, constipation, pneumonia, poor coordination, and appetite change.^[3] Other side effects may include misuse, suicide, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and infertility.^[3] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby.^[3] It is a benzodiazepine that is believed to work by enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).^[1]

Clobazam was patented in 1968 and come into medical use in 1975.^[4] It is available as a generic medication.^[2] In the United Kingdom 30 pills of 10 mg costs the NHS about £4 as of 2021.^[2] This amount in the United States is about 20 USD.^[5] In the United States it is a schedule IV controlled substance.^[3]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Clobazam". LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2012. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f BNF 81: March-September 2021. BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. 2021. p. 355. ISBN 978-0857114105.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Clobazam Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
^ "Clobazam (T3D4564)". Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB. Archived from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
^ "Clobazam Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips - GoodRx". GoodRx. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

[Liv2022-1] "Clobazam". LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2012. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

[BNF81-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f BNF 81: March-September 2021. BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. 2021. p. 355. ISBN 978-0857114105.

[AHFS2022-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Clobazam Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

[Patent2022-4] "Clobazam (T3D4564)". Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB. Archived from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2021-09-14.

[5] "Clobazam Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips - GoodRx". GoodRx. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

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