User:Mr. Ibrahem/Butorphanol

Mr. Ibrahem/Butorphanol
Clinical data
Pronunciation	bue tor’ fa nol
Trade names	Stadol, others
Other names	BC 2627
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682667
Pregnancy; category	C/D (United States);
Routes of; administration	IV, intranasal
Drug class	Opioid agonist–antagonist
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled drug); CA: Schedule IV; US: Schedule IV;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Nasal: 60-70%; Sublingual: 25%-35%; PO 10%
Metabolism	Liver hydroxylated & glucuronidated
Onset of action	Within 15 min
Elimination half-life	4-7 hours
Duration of action	Up to 5 hrs
Excretion	Kidney, 75%; Biliary, 11-14%; Fecal, 15%
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (4bR, 8aR, 9S)-11-(cyclobutylmethyl)-6,7,8,8a,9,10-hexahydro-5H-9,4b-(epiminoethano) phenanthrene-3,8a-diol;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C21H29NO2
Molar mass	327.468 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES OC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C[C@H]3N(CC[C@@]24CCCC[C@@]34O)CC5CCC5;
	InChI InChI=1S/C21H29NO2/c23-17-7-6-16-12-19-21(24)9-2-1-8-20(21,18(16)13-17)10-11-22(19)14-15-4-3-5-15/h6-7,13,15,19,23-24H,1-5,8-12,14H2/t19-,20+,21-/m1/s1 ; Key:IFKLAQQSCNILHL-QHAWAJNXSA-N ;
	(what is this?) (verify)

Butorphanol, sold under the brand name Stadol among others, is an opioid used to treat pain.^[1] As a nasal spray, it may be used to treat migraines.^[1] By injection into a vein or muscle, it may be used to treat moderate to severe pain.^[1]^[2] Onset of effects is within 15 minutes and may last up to 5 hours.^[2]

Side effects may include sleepiness, respiratory depression, confusion, feeling high, agitation, itchiness, sweating, nausea, and constipation.^[1] While there is the potential for misuse, this is less than morphine.^[1] Long term use in pregnancy can result in neonatal abstinence syndrome in the baby.^[3] It has agonist–antagonist effects at the µ and ĸ type opiate receptors.^[1]

Butorphanol was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1978.^[4]^[1] It is available as a generic medication.^[1] In the United States a 1 mg vial for injection costs about 6 USD. ^[5] In the United States it is a schedule IV controlled substance.^[1]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m "Butorphanol". LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Butorphanol Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
^ "Butorphanol (Stadol) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 529. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5. Archived from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
^ "Butorphanol Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Retrieved 12 January 2022.

[Liv2022-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m "Butorphanol". LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.

[AHFS2022-2] "Butorphanol Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.

[3] "Butorphanol (Stadol) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.

[Fis2006-4] Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 529. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5. Archived from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2021-10-21.

[5] "Butorphanol Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Retrieved 12 January 2022.

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