User:Mr. Ibrahem/Arsenic trioxide

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Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic trioxide   As3+   O2−
Clinical data
Trade namesTrisenox, others
Other namesArsenic(III) oxide,
Arsenic sesquioxide,
Arseneous oxide,
Ratsbane,
Arseneous anhydride,
White arsenic,
Aqua Tofani[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa608017
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: X (High risk)
Routes of
administration		Intravenous
Drug classAntineoplastic agent
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding75%
ExcretionUrine
Identifiers
  • Diarsenic trioxide
Chemical and physical data
FormulaAs2O3
Molar mass197.840 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Density3.74 g/cm3
Melting point312.2 °C (594.0 °F)
Boiling point465 °C (869 °F)
Solubility in water20 g/L (25 °C)
see text
  • O1[As]3O[As]2O[As](O3)O[As]1O2
  • InChI=1S/As2O3/c3-1-4-2(3)5-1
     checkY
  • Key:GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Arsenic trioxide, sold under the brand name Trisenox among others, is an inorganic compound and medication.[3] As an industrial chemical, major uses include in the manufacture of wood preservatives, pesticides, and glass.[4] As a medication it is used to treat a type of cancer known as acute promyelocytic leukemia.[3] For this use it is given by injection into a vein.[3]

Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, swelling, shortness of breath, and headaches.[3] Severe side effects may include APL differentiation syndrome and heart problems.[3] Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding may harm the baby.[5][6] Arsenic trioxide has the formula As
2O
3.[7] How it works in cancer is not entirely clear.[3]

Arsenic trioxide was approved for medical use in the United States in 2000.[3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] Approximately 50,000 tonnes are produced a year.[9] In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS £292 a dose as of 2018.[5] In the United States this amount costs about US$508 as of 2019.[10] Due to its toxicity a number of countries have regulations around its manufacture and sale.[11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Shakhashiri, B. Z. "Chemical of the Week: Arsenic". University of Wisconsin-Madison Chemistry Dept. Archived from the original on 2008-08-02. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
  2. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Arsenic Trioxide Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  4. ^ Landner, Lars (2012). Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment: Advanced Hazard Assessment. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 259. ISBN 9783642613340.
  5. ^ a b British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 907. ISBN 9780857113382.
  6. ^ "Arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  7. ^ Sun, Hongzhe (2010). Biological Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth. John Wiley & Sons. p. 295. ISBN 9780470976227.
  8. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  9. ^ Grund, S. C.; Hanusch, K.; Wolf, H. U. "Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_113.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  10. ^ "Arsenic trioxide Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  11. ^ Consolidated List of Products Whose Consumption And/or Sale Have Been Banned, Withdrawn, Severely Restricted Or Not Approved by Governments: Chemicals. United Nations Publications. 2009. p. 24. ISBN 9789211302196.
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