User:Mr. Ibrahem/Acamprosate

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Mr. Ibrahem/Acamprosate
Skeletal formula of acamprosate
Ball-and-stick model of the acamprosate molecule
Clinical data
Pronunciation/əˈkæmproʊseɪt/
Trade namesCampral, Aotal, others[1]
Other namesN-Acetyl homotaurine, Acamprosate calcium (JAN JP), Acamprosate calcium (USAN US)
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth[2]
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability11%[2]
Protein bindingNegligible[2]
MetabolismNil[2]
Elimination half-life20 h to 33 h[2]
ExcretionKidney[2]
Identifiers
  • 3-Acetamidopropane-1-sulfonic acid
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC5H11NO4S
Molar mass181.21 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • [Ca+2].O=C(NCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-])C.[O-]S(=O)(=O)CCCNC(=O)C
  • InChI=1S/2C5H11NO4S.Ca/c2*1-5(7)6-3-2-4-11(8,9)10;/h2*2-4H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9,10);/q;;+2/p-2 checkY
  • Key:BUVGWDNTAWHSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-L checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Acamprosate, sold under the brand name Campral among others, is a medication used along with counselling to treat alcohol dependence.[1] When used alone, it is not effective for most individuals;[3] it works best when used in combination with counselling.[1][4] It is taken by mouth.[5]

Common side effects include diarrhea and weakness.[6] Serious side effects may include allergic reactions, mood changes, thoughts of suicide, and heart palpitations.[7] A lower dose is recommended in people with mild kidney problems and use is not recommended in people with severe kidney disease.[6] Use is okay in mild to moderate liver dysfunction.[8] Safety during pregnancy is unclear.[9] Acamprosate is thought to work by altering chemical signaling in the brain.[8]

Acamprosate was approved for medical use in the United States in 2004.[6] It is available as a generic medication in the United Kingdom were a month of treatment costs the NHS about 30 pounds as of 2020.[5] This amount in the United States costs as little as 80 USD as of 2020.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Plosker, GL (July 2015). "Acamprosate: A Review of Its Use in Alcohol Dependence". Drugs. 75 (11): 1255–68. doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0423-9. PMID 26084940. S2CID 19119078.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Campral label" (PDF). FDA. January 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2017. For label updates see FDA index page for NDA 021431
  3. ^ Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Holtzman DM (2015). "Chapter 16: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 9780071827706. Unfortunately, acamprosate is not adequately effective for most alcoholics.
  4. ^ Nutt, DJ (2014). "Doing it by numbers: A simple approach to reducing the harms of alcohol". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 28 (1): 3–7. doi:10.1177/0269881113512038. PMID 24399337. S2CID 36860967.
  5. ^ a b BNF 79 : March 2020. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society. 2020. p. 509. ISBN 9780857113658.
  6. ^ a b c "Acamprosate Calcium Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  7. ^ "Acamprosate". drugs.com. 2005-03-25. Archived from the original on 22 December 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
  8. ^ a b Williams, SH. (2005). "Medications for treating alcohol dependence". American Family Physician. 72 (9): 1775–1780. PMID 16300039.
  9. ^ "Acamprosate (Campral) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  10. ^ "Acamprosate Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips". GoodRx. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
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