User:Mhatopzz/Ternate (Island)
 Ternate city and Mount Gamalama | |
 Topographic map of Ternate, within the Maluku Islands | |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Pacific Ocean |
| Coordinates | 0°48′N 127°20′E / 0.800°N 127.333°E |
| Archipelago | Maluku |
| Area | 101.57 km2 (39.22 sq mi)[1] |
| Highest elevation | 5,627 ft (1715.1 m) |
| Highest point | Gamalama |
| Administration | |
Indonesia | |
| Province | North Maluku |
| Demographics | |
| Demonym | Ternateans |
| Population | 201.244 (2021[2][3]) |
| Pop. density | 4,695,7/sq mi (18130.2/km2)[2][3] |
| Additional information | |
| Time zone | |
Ternate is an island in the Molucca Sea, Maluku Islands and located off the western shore of Halmahera. The island has a total land area of 101.57 square kilometers (39.21 sq mi) and a total sea area of 5,547.55 square kilometers. Ternate also hosts the highest mountain in all of North Maluku, Gamalama, a near-conical stratovolcano that comprises the entire island, and has an elevation of 1,715 m (5,627 ft).[4] For centuries, Ternate was a center of Portuguese and Dutch forts for the spice trade, which have accounted for thorough reports of Gamalama's volcanic activities.[5]
The island of Ternate is also part of the Municipality of Ternate.
Topography[edit]
Ternate lies in a very active seismic region where volcanic activity and earthquakes are common. Ternate belongs to a group of islands that make up part of the Ring of Fire.[6] Ternate is dominated by the volcanic Mount Gamalama (1,715 m). An 1840 eruption destroyed most houses, and additional ones occurred in 1980, 1983, 1994 and 2011.[7][8] During the 2011 eruption, Indonesia closed a domestic airport near the volcano for several days following ash emissions that reached 2,000 metres (6,600 feet) into the atmosphere.[9]
The foothills are home to groves of clove trees, and climbs to the peak of the volcano can be made. The airport lies along the northeast coastline. Hiri island is a volcanic cone lying off the northern tip of Ternate. Crocodile-infested Tolire Lake lies in the northwest and is bordered by sheer cliffs. Ternate beaches include Sulamadaha in the north, Afetaduma and Jouburiki in the west, and the beach at the village of Kastela in the southeast.[7]
Climate[edit]
Ternate has a tropical rainforest climate which makes the island part of the Halmahera rain forests ecoregion, with heavy rainfall year-round.
| Climate data for Ternate | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.4 (84.9) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.2 (86.4) |
29.9 (85.8) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.3 (84.7) |
30.0 (86.0) |
29.9 (85.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.5 (86.9) |
29.1 (84.4) |
29.8 (85.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.8 (78.4) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
25.4 (77.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.2 (72.0) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.3 (72.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 200 (7.9) |
186 (7.3) |
183 (7.2) |
225 (8.9) |
244 (9.6) |
210 (8.3) |
158 (6.2) |
127 (5.0) |
125 (4.9) |
140 (5.5) |
197 (7.8) |
204 (8.0) |
2,199 (86.6) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[10] | |||||||||||||
Time zone[edit]
Ternate follows Eastern Indonesia Time which is nine hours ahead of UTC (UTC+09:00) as it's part of the Moluccas and does not observe daylight saving time (DST).
Geology[edit]
The volcanic activity of Mount Gamalama has been recorded for centuries as the island of Ternate is situated in the ring of fire, which the island is located within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone, where the Molucca Sea Plate has been totally consumed by the arc-arc collision of the Halmahera Arc and the Sangihe Arcs.[11] An eruption of Gamalama was recorded in 1775 which caused the deaths of approximately 1300 people, another eruption was recorded on December 4, 2011, ejecting material up to 2,000 meters into the air,[12] more eruptions were recorded on September 2012, and on December 18, 2014, it erupted again and deposited five centimeters of ash on the runway of Babullah Airport in Ternate, causing the airport to close down.[13]
Galery[edit]
-
Ternate from the North-west Coast of Tidore. -
Ternate (c. 1614) -
Ferry to Ternate
,_The_Moluccas_(Maluku)_(15199602562).jpg)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik". ternatekota.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
- ^ a b "Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2020". www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Kota Ternate Dalam Angka 2020". www.ternatekota.bps.go.id. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik". ternatekota.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
- ^ "Eruption of the Gamalama volcano". earthquake-report.com. December 7, 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-02-12.
- ^ "Indonesia quake triggers brief tsunami alert". BBC News Asia. 15 November 2014.
- ^ a b Witton, Patrick (2003). Indonesia. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. pp. 821–822. ISBN 1-74059-154-2.
- ^ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B D (2011). Concise History of Islam. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 332. ISBN 9789382573470. OCLC 868069299.
- ^ "Indonesia Closes Airport after Volcano Erupts". December 5, 2011.
- ^ "Climate: Ternate". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
- ^ Macpherson, Forde, Hall and Thirlwall (2003) in Intra-Oceanic Subduction Systems: Tectonic and Magmatic Processes, ISBN 1-86239-147-5 p208
- ^ "Thousands flee as Indonesian volcano erupts". December 5, 2011.
- ^ "Babullah Airport Shut as Mount Gamalama Erupts". 2014-12-19.