User:MatChem121/sandbox
Chemistry Project
Outline
Monomers[edit]
Olefins[edit]
- Presence of an electron-donating group
- Example: isobutylene
Heterocyclic monomers[edit]
- Ring strain
- Examples: lactones, lactams, cyclic amines, and cyclic ethers
Solvents[edit]
- Gegen ion effects
- Polar versus nonpolar solvents
Synthesis[edit]
Initiation[edit]
Classical protonic acids/acid surfaces[edit]
- Nucleophilicity of the anion
- Examples: perchloric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids
Lewis acids/Friedel-Crafts catalysts[edit]
- Examples of Lewis acids: metal halides and their organometallic derivatives
- Cocatalyst for Lewis acids
- Examples: water, hydrogen halides, and alcohols
Carbenium ion salts[edit]
- Direct addition
- Hydride extraction
- Electron transfer
Propagation[edit]
- Counterion effect on rate of propagation
- Counterion position in reaction
- Useful temperature (170-190 K)
Termination[edit]
Unimolecular rearrangement[edit]
- Catalyst-cocatalyst complex regenerated
- Termination of the kinetic chain
Bimolecular transfer reactions[edit]
- Monomer-initiator complex regenerated
- No termination of the kinetic chain
Living Polymerization[edit]
- Link to living cationic polymerization Wiki page: Living cationic polymerization
Kinetics[edit]
- Steady-state conditions
Commercial Applications[edit]
- Examples: tackifiers, adhesives, sealants, moisture barriers, tubing