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{{Draft article|Green Smart City MOM XXII|brief=yes}}
Green Smart City MOM XXII - pro-social and pro-ecological urban design concept, envisioning development of the area currently called the Młociński Forest in Warsaw. Returning currently unattended area for mainly sports, leisure and educational purposes, using advanced smart city technologies. It serves as a pilot project for an urban utility forest.
The project’s roots correspond with the idea of the City-Garden Society "Młociny''[1], originating in the early 20th century, prophetically called the City of the Future at the time. It portrays the vision of the garden cities invented at the time, related to creating optimal living conditions for the local community, including developing infrastructure and transport, reducing air pollution, protecting natural environment, using and enhancing landscape values and managing and preserving the area’s aesthetic value.
The "Green Smart City MOM XXII" project refers to the idea of "garden cities" developed at the turn of the 19th and 20th century, transferring it to the reality, requirements and opportunities of the 21st and even 22nd century.
History[edit]
The idea of garden cities, described by Ebezener Howard in a publication from 1898[2], was presented by him at the International Congress of Hygiene and Demography in Berlin in 1907 as a proposal to halt the process of rural depopulation and urban overcrowding, resulting from the industrial revolution at the turn of the 20th century. The essential content of Howard's thought was developing a new type of human settlement on cheap land outside the city, planned functionally, created and managed by cooperative societies or municipalities, for a predetermined number of inhabitants. This implemented the motto: live in the country - work in the city.
In February 1908, in the previously Russian-occupied territory of Poland, the Department of Urban Hygiene accepted Dr Władysław Dobrzyński's proposal, of the decentralisation of larger cities, which resulted in adopting a proposal to set up a Delegation for the issue of garden cities by the Council of the Warsaw Hygienic Society in 1909. It was to start cooperative societies for the development of garden cities, in order to control the quality of the idea’s delivery and to push for reforms related to urban housing.
At the turn of June and July 1910, the City-Garden and Nature exhibition was organised. It was an international exhibition, during which first Polish projects envisioning the idea were presented. Also a number of projects from England, Germany and France, among others, were shown during the exhibition. All were met with great interest and contributed to broaden popularity of the idea in multiple Polish cities including Warsaw.
As a result of the growing popularity of the concept, the Warsaw Permanent Housing Association was established in 1912. After an analysis of the area surrounding Warsaw had been conducted,[5] Młociny was selected as the optimal location, meeting all the criteria required for the development of the garden-city.
Młociny had the following qualities: proximity to Warsaw, high ground level above the Vistula River, sandy soil, surrounded with pine forests, view openings, beneficial landforms, located near an important transportation route - Zakroczymska road, peaceful vicinity, lacking the characteristics of neglected, unhealthy suburbs, possibility to equip the area with a water supply system, transport connection between the Vistula River and Warsaw in the summer, allowing for relaxation and entertainment, enabling sports activities, as well as facilitating a sewage system of the area.
Land was acquired and designs for the City-Garden Nowa Warszawa, the City-Garden Gaj and the City-Garden Młociny were created.
On February, 17th 1936, the Warsaw Voivode approved the "Detailed development plan for a part of the housing estate called "The City-Garden of Młociny", which at that time was equivalent to a building permit.
On July, 12th 1939 The District Department of Warsaw approved a project of redefining some of the plots of the Town-Garden of Młociny.
The plans of Młociny Town-Garden (MOM] preserved to this day by the architect Ignacy Miśkiewicz present a rich functional programme, including the town hall, theatre, casino, church, schools, hospital, house for voluntary fire brigade, market halls and others. An important issue was to solve the problems of providing the area with water supply, sewage and electricity networks, as well as to connect the City-Garden with transport routes, including the Młocińska railway and the projected electric tram line, connected with Warsaw.
The parcelling out of land was prepared for about 1000 dwelling houses located on 280-1000 m² plots. The plans were interrupted by World War I and the difficult times at the beginning of the Second Polish Republic. Work continued in the interwar period with varying intensity. Part of the streets were marked out, about thirty residential and auxiliary buildings were erected, creating the Młociny-Park housing estate.[10]
Of the "garden city" project, only part was executed in the interwar period, within the borough and settlement of Młociny, now within the boundaries of the Bielany district of the capital city of Warsaw. This fragment was entered on January, 1st 2013 into the Municipal Register of Monuments under no. 394 BIE03890 as a historic urban layout. According to the contemporary (2021) road layout, the boundaries of the entire pre-war urban layout are formed by Pułkowa and Pasymska/Radecka streets (from the east), Michaliny and Anna Jagiellonka streets (from the south), Dankowicka and Dziekanowska within the present Młociński Forest (from the west) and Estrady and Pancerz streets (from the north). From the north, the area is also adjacent to the City-Garden Gaj and City-Garden Nowa Warszawa, also planned at the beginning of the century.
After World War II the area of MOM was covered by afforestation plans connected with the creation of an isolation zone around Warsaw and the construction of Huta Warszawa. These activities were carried out without agreement with the land owners and without payment of compensation for change of use.
The legal form of the implementation of the Green Smart City MOM XXII project[edit]
In 1999, in the list of ordinary associations supervised by the President of the capital city of Warsaw, under the registration number 301, the Ordinary Association "Osiedle-Ogród Młociny" was registered, representing the owners, whose aim was to create conditions enabling the development of the MOM areas in accordance with their pre-war purpose. As a result of a change in regulations, the Ordinary Association "Osiedle-Ogród Młociny" was re-registered in the register kept by the President of Warsaw under No. 295.
At the current stage, the Ordinary Association "Osiedle-Ogród Młociny" acting in cooperation with the Building and Housing Cooperative "Miasto-Ogród-Gaj" is responsible for the implementation of the project "Green Smart City MOM XXII".
Design brief of the Green Smart City MOM XXII project[edit]
The project "Green Smart City MOM XXII" is based on the concept of Urban Utility Forest, using the ideas of the designers from 1914 and the values of the historical fate of the "City-Garden Młociny". Its aim is to use the potential of forest areas, which are an important element of the "green infrastructure" of the city, by allowing pro-social forms of management, not colliding with pro-environmental products and functions of maintaining the welfare of ecosystems.
The area of MOM XXII is located between the Kampinos Forest on the western side and the Młociński Park on the eastern side. The natural and landscape axis is the Młociński Canal with the Młociński Forest Charm. A road, which is historically a railway track, leads from north to south. It connects Łomianki with Warsaw from Auchan shopping centre to "Metro-Młociny" junction and Galeria Młociny.
With a number of very strong assets in the existing initial state and many weaknesses that could be improved, the "Green smart city MOM XXII" project creates optimal conditions for creating a modern functional, spatial and social structure for the XXII century. Its future implementation is based on the following assumptions:
1. management by means of artificial intelligence,
2. granting equal rights to users, i.e. humans, animals and plants,
3. shaping the functional-spatial structure in a flexible manner, adjusting it to the changing needs of users,
4. basing infrastructure solutions on green-blue systems, i.e. renewable energy, ecological management of clean and used water, use of greenery in the processes of supplying users with products necessary for living,
5. emission-free transport, guaranteeing clean air.
In the area of the City-Garden Młociny MOM XXII, in line with the idea of the MLU Urban Use Forest, it is assumed that land will be allocated for the following purposes:
- sports, especially in areas with limited use,
- recreation with the use of renewed fragments of forest, for example along the Młociński Canal
- educational in the form of paths and presentation points with the use of multimedia tools,
- services, especially related to basic functions,
- culture,
- housing focused on pro-ecological architecture.
It is planned to connect MOM XXII with the Centre of Ecological Education executed in Młociński Park by using modern computer technology for multimedia and virtual presentations of issues concerning protection of nature, environment and landscape.
It is planned to introduce paths that do not interfere with the forest cover, raised above the ground, as well as a viewing tower with a terrace above the tree crowns.
It is also planned to use rainwater-permeable surfaces for pedestrian and road paths, as well as to resign from or limit as much fencing of facilities as possible.
The implementation of the "Green smart city MOM XXII" project will be an opportunity to test new, experimental solutions and materials in such areas as spatial development, construction, energy, green-blue technologies and transport, designed with great attention to the aesthetic level and harmony with nature. It will become a significant contribution to the fight against atmospheric pollution, climate change and the consequences of the technological revolution. A special role, after revitalisation, will be played by the Młociński Canal, which constitutes the axis of the entire spatial system, with its quays adapted to walks, sports, multimedia education, relaxation and rest for people with disabilities. Also the social aspect, which in the project manifests itself, among others, in solutions adjusted to the needs of multi-generational structure of users, constitutes the significance of the presented idea.
References[edit]
- ^ Ustawa Towarzystwa Miasta – Ogrodu Młociny z 1913 roku.
- ^ Howard E. 1898, To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, London.