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María Antonia de San José | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Saint | |
| Born | María Antonia de Paz y Figueroa c. 1730 Viceroyalty of Peru, colonial Argentina (present-day Santiago del Estero Province) |
| Hometown | Santiago del Estero |
| Died | 7 March 1799 Buenos Aires, Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, colonial Argentina |
| Venerated in | Catholic Church |
| Beatified | 27 August 2016, Santiago del Estero by Angelo Amato |
| Canonized | 11 February 2024, Vatican City by Pope Francis |
María Antonia de Paz y Figueroa (c. 1730 – 7 March 1799), better known by her religious name María Antonia de San José or by the nickname Mama Antula (pronounced [ˈmama anˈtula]; Quechua for "Mother Antonia"), was a laywoman from colonial Argentina, known for spreading the Jesuits' spirituality following their expulsion from the Spanish colonies in 1767.[1][2] Born in the present-day province of Santiago del Estero (which at the time was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru), there are no primary sources that confirm her exact date and place birth; some authors claim she was born in the town of Silípica, while she herself claimed to be have been born in the city of Santiago del Estero.[3]
She was canonised by Pope Francis—himself Argentine and Jesuit—on 11 February 2024 at the St. Peter's Basilica, in a mass in which he described her as a "model of apostolic fervour and audacity for us".[1] She thus became the first woman Catholic saint of Argentine origin and the third overall, following Héctor Valdivielso Sáez and José Gabriel Brochero.[4]
Life[edit]
María Antonia de Paz y Figueroa was born around 1730 in what is now the Argentine province of Santiago del Estero, which at that time was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, in colonial Spanish America.[3] Although several versions have been spread, there are no primary sources to confirm her exact date and city of birth, nor the name of her parents.[3] Some authors claim that she was born in the town of Silípica, although there are no texts that confirm this version and María Antonia herself claimed to have been born in the city of Santiago del Estero.[3] At age 15, she left the family home to become a laywoman of the Jesuit missionaries, who had an important presence in the region at that time.[3] Coming from the respected Paz y Figueroa family, María Antonia took an unusual path for women of her class at the time, most of whom chose to be housewives or nuns.[5] In colonial society, women of the middle and upper classes could only choose between marriage—which was the most common—, spinsterhood or dedicating their lives to God.[5] Among the latter, the most common was to join a monastery, although the nuns of that time were all cloistered.[5] A few women, such as María Antonia, chose to be laywomen, whose life consisted of prayer and domestic service in a Jesuit house for spiritual exercises in Santiago del Estero, where people went for retreats.[5]
Legacy[edit]
Canonization[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Tulloch, Joseph; Von Kempis, Stefan (11 February 2024). "Pope Francis canonises Argentinian laywoman 'Mama Antula'". Vatican City: Vatican News. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ Fernández Arrillaga, Inmaculada (2016). "Mamá Antula: la beata de los ejercicios espirituales desde la mirada de los jesuitas desterrados" [Mama Antula: the spiritual exercises devout woman from the perspective of the banished jesuits] (PDF). Scripta. Revista internacional de literatura i cultura medieval i moderna (in Spanish) (8). Valencia: University of Valencia: 257–267. ISSN 2340-4841. Retrieved 12 February 2024 – via University of Alicante.
- ^ a b c d e Grigera Naón, Camila (9 February 2024). "Tres historiadores repasan la vida de Mama Antula: "No hay mujer que se le parezca, todo le costó, pero todo lo lograba"" (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Infobae. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ^ Mejía, Virginia (9 February 2024). "Mama Antula: el oasis porteño de estilo colonial y 250 años de antigüedad donde vivió la futura santa argentina". La Nación. Buenos Aires. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ^ a b c d Nöllmann, María (11 February 2024). ""Una mujer actual": Mama Antula, la santa argentina que a fines del 1700 recorrió el país a pie y sorprendió a Occidente". La Nación (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
Bibliography[edit]
- San José, María Antonia de (1899) [1791]. El estandarte de la mujer fuerte en nuestros días (in Spanish). Translated by Martel, H. Buenos Aires: Imp. de M. Biedma é Hijo, Bolivar 535. Retrieved 12 February 2024 – via Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library.
Further reading[edit]
- Fraschina, Alicia (2015). La expulsión no fue ausencia. María Antonia de San José, beata de la Compañía de Jesús: biografía y legado (in Spanish). Rosario: Prohistoria Editores. ISBN 978-987-386-416-2. LCCN 2016365914.