User:Amit6/infjupiter

Jupiter
	This image was enhanced by the U.S. Geological Survey to bring out detail. It is based on a 1979 image from the Voyager 1 spacecraft.
Designations
Adjectives	Jovian
Symbol
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch J2000
Aphelion	816,520,800 km (5.458104 AU)
Perihelion	740,573,600 km (4.950429 AU)
Semi-major axis	778,547,200 km (5.204267 AU)
Eccentricity	0.048775
Orbital period (sidereal)	4,331.572 days; 11.85920 yr
Orbital period (synodic)	398.88 days
Average orbital speed	13.07 km/s
Mean anomaly	18.818°
Inclination	1.305°; 6.09° to Sun's equator
Longitude of ascending node	100.492°
Argument of perihelion	275.066°
Known satellites	63
Physical characteristics
Equatorial radius	71,492 ± 4 km ; 11.209 Earths
Polar radius	66,854 ± 10 km ; 10.517 Earths
Flattening	0.06487 ± 0.00015
Surface area	6.21796×1010 km²; 121.9 Earths
Volume	1.43128×1015 km³ ; 1321.3 Earths
Mass	1.8986×1027 kg ; 317.8 Earths
Mean density	1.326 g/cm³
Surface gravity	24.79 m/s²; 2.528 g
Escape velocity	59.5 km/s
Sidereal rotation period	9.925 h
Equatorial rotation velocity	12.6 km/s; 45,300 km/h
Axial tilt	3.13°
North pole right ascension	268.057°; 17 h 52 min 14 s
North pole declination	64.496°
Albedo	0.343 (bond); 0.52 (geom.)
Apparent magnitude	-1.6 to -2.94
Angular diameter	29.8" — 50.1"
Atmosphere
Surface pressure	20–200 kPa (cloud layer)
Scale height	27 km
Composition by volume
89.8±2.0%	Hydrogen (H2)
10.2±2.0%	Helium
~0.3%	Methane
~0.026%	Ammonia
~0.003%	Hydrogen deuteride (HD)
0.0006%	Ethane
0.0004%	water
Ices:
	Ammonia
	water
	ammonium hydrosulfide(NH4SH)

^ Yeomans, Donald K. (2006-07-13). "HORIZONS System". NASA JPL. Retrieved 2007-08-08. — At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: ELEMENTS", "Target Body: Jupiter Barycenter" and "Center: Sun".
^ Orbital elements refer to the barycenter of the Jupiter system, and are the instantaneous osculating values at the precise J2000 epoch. Barycenter quantities are given because, in contrast to the planetary centre, they do not experience appreciable changes on a day-to-day basis from to the motion of the moons.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Williams, Dr. David R. (November 16, 2004). "Jupiter Fact Sheet". NASA. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, B. A.; a'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L.; Krasinsky, G. A.; Neumann, G.; Oberst, J.; Stooke, P.; Tedesco, E. F.; Tholen, D. J.; Thomas, P. C.; Williams, I. P. (2007). "Report of the IAU/IAGWorking Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 90 (3): 155–180. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y. Retrieved 2007-08-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Refers to the level of 1 bar atmospheric pressure
^ NASA: Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter: Facts & Figures
^ Seidelmann, P. K.; Abalakin, V. K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M. E.; de Burgh, C.; Lieske, J. H.; Oberst, J.; Simon, J. L.; Standish, E. M.; Stooke, P.; Thomas, P. C. (2001). "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 2000". HNSKY Planetarium Program. Retrieved 2007-02-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Anonymous (March 1983). "Probe Nephelometer". Galileo Messenger (6). NASA/JPL. Retrieved 2007-02-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[horizons-1] Yeomans, Donald K. (2006-07-13). "HORIZONS System". NASA JPL. Retrieved 2007-08-08. — At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: ELEMENTS", "Target Body: Jupiter Barycenter" and "Center: Sun".

[barycenter-2] Orbital elements refer to the barycenter of the Jupiter system, and are the instantaneous osculating values at the precise J2000 epoch. Barycenter quantities are given because, in contrast to the planetary centre, they do not experience appreciable changes on a day-to-day basis from to the motion of the moons.

[fact-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Williams, Dr. David R. (November 16, 2004). "Jupiter Fact Sheet". NASA. Retrieved 2007-08-08.

[Seidelmann2007-4] Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, B. A.; a'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L.; Krasinsky, G. A.; Neumann, G.; Oberst, J.; Stooke, P.; Tedesco, E. F.; Tholen, D. J.; Thomas, P. C.; Williams, I. P. (2007). "Report of the IAU/IAGWorking Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 90 (3): 155–180. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y. Retrieved 2007-08-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[1bar-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Refers to the level of 1 bar atmospheric pressure

[nasafact-6] NASA: Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter: Facts & Figures

[7] Seidelmann, P. K.; Abalakin, V. K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M. E.; de Burgh, C.; Lieske, J. H.; Oberst, J.; Simon, J. L.; Standish, E. M.; Stooke, P.; Thomas, P. C. (2001). "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 2000". HNSKY Planetarium Program. Retrieved 2007-02-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[8] Anonymous (March 1983). "Probe Nephelometer". Galileo Messenger (6). NASA/JPL. Retrieved 2007-02-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

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