User:^o^

List of United States Supreme Court cases from the Rehnquist Court

1986–1989

• Beginning of active duty of Chief Justice William Rehnquist, September 26, 1986
• Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. Debenedictus, 480 U.S. 470 (1987): substantive due process, the takings clause of the Fifth Amendment
• Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 (1987): free speech and marriage rights of prison inmates
• First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. Los Angeles County, 482 U.S. 304 (1987): substantive due process, temporary taking
• Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987): constitutionality of mandating teaching of creation science in conjunction with theory of evolution
• South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987): use of federal funding to encourage changes in state laws
• Rankin v. McPherson, 483 U.S. 378 (1987): First Amendment Freedom of speech
• Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, 483 U.S. 825 (1987): substantive due process, the takings clause
• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988): freedom of speech in secondary school newspapers
• Hustler Magazine v. Falwell, 485 U.S. 46 (1988): First Amendment; parody, emotional distress
• Lying v. Northwest Indian CPA, 485 U.S. 439 (1988): religious rights of Native American vs. public interest
• California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988): Fourth Amendment; even absent a warrant, the search and seizure of garbage left for collection outside the curtilage of a home
• Morrison v. Olson, 487 U.S. 654 (1988): independent counsel's office
• Thompson v. Oklahoma, 487 U.S. 815 (1988):, Eighth Amendment; cruel and unusual punishment; capital punishment for juveniles under 16
• Florida v. Riley , 488 U.S. 445 (1989): aerial surveillance and the Fourth Amendment
• Lauro Lines s.r.l. v. Chasser et al., 490 U.S. 495 (1989): interlocutory appeals
• Community For Creative Non-Violence v. Reid, 490 U.S. 730 (1989): copyright, work for hire
• Martin v. Wilks, 490 U.S. 755 (1989):
• Mistretta v. United States, 488 U.S. 361 (1989): United States Sentencing Commission, separation of powers
• Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989): freedom of speech (flag burning)
• Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 492 U.S. 490 (1989): abortion rights
• County of Allegheny v. ACLU, 492 U.S. 573 (1989): holiday displays and state endorsement of religion
• United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez, 494 U.S. 259 (1989): search and seizure of nonresident alien in foreign country

1990–1994

• Chauffeurs, Teamsters, and Helpers Local No. 391 v. Terry, 494 U.S. 558 (1990): scope of Seventh Amendment right to jury trial in civil cases
• Oregon v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990): religious freedom with respect to drug use
• Westside School District v Mergens, 496 U.S. 226 (1990): Bible study clubs in schools
• Missouri v. Jenkins, 495 U.S. 33 (1990): power of federal courts to order taxation by state or local governments
• Illinois v. Rodriguez 497 U.S. 177 (1990): Fourth Amendment, "co-occupant consent rule"
• Stewart v. Abend, 495 U.S. 207 (1990): rights of the successor of a copyright interest
• Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, 497 U.S. 261 (1990): incompetent persons may not refuse medical treatment under the Fourteenth Amendment
• United States v. Eichman, 496 U.S. 310 (1990): freedom of speech (flag burning)
• Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co., 497 U.S. 1 (1990): First Amendment and defamation--no "opinion privilege"
• Maryland v. Craig, 497 U.S. 836 (1990): the right of criminal defendants to confront witnesses
• Cheek v. United States, 498 U.S. 192 (1991): mistake of law is a valid defense to criminal tax evasion because of mens rea
• Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service Co., 499 U.S. 340 (1991): minimal quantum of creativity is required for copyright protection
• Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. v. Shute, 499 U.S. 585 (1991): enforcement of forum selection clauses
• Florida v. Bostick, 501 U.S. 429 (1991): random bus searches routinely conducted pursuant to passenger's consent
• Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991): life sentence for cocaine possession
• Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1 (1992): excessive force against prison inmates, Eighth Amendment
• United States v. Thompson-Center Arms Company, 504 U.S. 505 (1992): taxation of firearms
• Gade v. National Solid Wastes Management Association, 505 U.S. 88 (1992): federal preemption of state labor safety laws
• Forsyth County, Georgia v. The Nationalist Movement, 505 U.S. 123 (1992): First Amendment protection and police protection
• New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992): the take title provision of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 violated the Tenth Amendment
• R. A. V. v. City of St. Paul, 505 U.S. 377 (1992): fighting words, hate speech
• Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577 (1992): First Amendment, establishment of religion (prayer at high school graduations)
• Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992): abortion
• United States v. Fordice, 505 U.S. 717 (1992): segregation of colleges and universities
• Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, 505 U.S. 1003 (1992): per se rule of takings clause
• Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224 (1993): judicial impeachment, political question doctrine
• Shaw v. Reno, 506 U.S. 630 (1993): appropriateness of considering race in redistricting
• United States Department of Justice v. Landano, 508 U.S. 165 (1993): Freedom of Information Act and confidentiality
• Wisconsin v. Mitchell, 508 U.S. 476 (1993): enhanced sentencing for hate crimes
• Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah, 508 U.S. 520 (1993): animal cruelty, freedom of religion
• Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District, 508 U.S. 384 (1993): access by religious groups to public school facilities
• Alexander v. United States, 509 U.S. 544 (1993):
• Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579 (1993): the Daubert Standard on the admissibility of the opinion of the expert witness
• Hartford Fire Insurance Co. v. California, 509 U.S. 764 (1993): application of Sherman Antitrust Act to foreign companies
• Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569 (1994): copyright, commercial fair use is possible, parody
• C&A Carbone, Inc v. Town of Clarkstown, 511 U.S. 383 (1994): Dormant Commerce Clause
• Dolan v. City of Tigard, 512 U.S. 374 (1994): substantive due process, takings clause
• Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet, 512 U.S. 687 (1994): school district coinciding with religious community
• United Mine Workers of America v. Bagwell, 512 U.S. 821 (1994): constitutional limitations on the contempt powers of courts
• United States v. Shabani, 513 U.S. 10 (1994): elements of criminal conspiracy (i.e., requirement for an overt act)

1995-1999

• McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission, 514 U.S. 334 (1995): anonymous campaign literature under the First Amendment
• United States v. Alfonso Lopez, Jr., 514 U.S. 549 (1995): interstate commerce, gun-free school zones
• Adarand Constructors v. Peña, 515 U.S. 200 (1995): constitutionality of race-based set-asides (strict scrutiny test)
• Rosenberger v. University of Virginia, 515 U.S. 819 (1995): discrimination by state universities against student religious organizations
• Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995): constitutionality of public school drug testing; Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments
• Seminole Tribe v. Florida, 517 U.S. 44 (1996): Article I and the Eleventh Amendment
• Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc., 517 U.S. 370 (1996): claim construction of patents
• 44 Liquormart, Inc. v. State of Rhode Island, 517 U.S. 484 (1996): restrictions on commercial speech
• BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore, 517 U.S. 559 (1996): whether punitive damages are limited by substantive due process; Fourteenth Amendment
• Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996): equal protection, homosexuality
• Jaffe v. Redmond, 518 U.S. 1 (1996): medical confidentiality
• Gasperini v. Center For Humanities, Inc., 518 U.S. 415 (1996): Seventh Amendment, modern interpretation of the Erie doctrine
• United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996): separate but equal gender discrimination
• Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York, 519 U.S. 357 (1997): protesters of abortion clinics
• Warner-Jenkinson Company, Inc. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co., 520 U.S. 17 (1997): patent law, doctrine of equivalents
• Clinton v. Jones, 520 U.S. 681 (1997): Executive privilege and immunity
• City of Boerne v. Flores, 521 U.S. 507 (1997): scope of Congressional enforcement power under § 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment
• Washington v. Glucksberg, 521 U.S. 702 (1997): constitutionality of state law forbidding assisted suicide
• Raines v. Byrd, 521 U.S. 811 (1997): line item veto, legal standing; redirects to Clinton v. City of New York
• Printz, Sheriff/Coroner, Ravalli County, Montana v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997): background checks before purchasing handguns
• Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997): free speech, obscenity, CDA
• Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, 523 U.S. 75 (1998): applicability of sexual harassment laws to same sex harassment
• Federal Election Commission v. Akins, 524 U.S. 11 (1998): standing conferred by statute
• United States v. Bajakajian, 524 U.S. 321 (1998): excessive fines
• Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998): Line Item Veto
• Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel, 524 U.S. 498 (1998): Substantive Due Process, Economic Liberties
• Marquez v. Screen Actors Guild Inc., 525 U.S. 33 (1998): union shop contracts
• Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc., 525 U.S. 55 (1998): on-sale bar of United States patent law
• Saenz v. Roe, 526 U.S. 489 (1999): welfare benefits to new state citizens
• Hunt v. Cromartie, 526 U.S. 541 (1999): gerrymandering
• Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael 526 U.S. 137 (1999): expert testimony
• Chicago v. Morales, 527 U.S. 41 (1999): loitering as gang activity
• Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank, 527 U.S. 627 (1999): sovereign immunity of the States
• Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. 706 (1999): sovereign immunity of the States

Decided and reported

• Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc., 528 U.S. 167 (2000): standing, mootness, "voluntary cessation"
• Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC, 528 U.S. 377 (2000): campaign contributions to state political parties
• Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495 (2000): race-based voting restrictions for state government offices
• Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System v. Southworth, 529 U.S. 217 (2000): compulsory student fees to support political campus groups; First Amendment
• United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000): limits of Congress's power under the commerce clause
• United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, 529 U.S. 803 (2000): scrambling of adult material on cable channels; First Amendment
• United States v. Hubbell, 530 U.S. 27 (2000): criminal charges based on subpeonaed documents
• Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe, 530 U.S. 290 (2000): prayer in schools
• Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council, 530 U.S. 363 (2000): federal preemption of state foreign trade regulation
• Dickerson v. United States, 530 U.S. 428 (2000): Miranda rights
• Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000): Juries must decide all elements proof beyond reasonable doubt for sentence enhancement
• California Democratic Party v. Jones, 530 U.S. 567 (2000): freedom of association and political primary elections
• Stenberg v. Carhart, 530 U.S. 914 (2000): "late term" or "partial birth" abortions
• Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000): right of free association, homosexuality
• City of Indianapolis v. Edmond, 531 U.S. 32 (2000): use of dogs at random traffic stops
• Bush v. Gore, 531 U.S. 98 (2000): vote recounts in presidential election
• Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Ass’n, 531 U.S. 288 (2001): expansion of state action to include "public entwinement"
• Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett, 531 U.S. 356 (2001): Eleventh Amendment sovereign immunity and Equal Protection in a disability case
• Semtek International Inc. v. Lockheed Martin Corp., 531 U.S. 497 (2001): res judicata effect of federal judgments in state court
• TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc., 532 U.S. 23 (2001): trademark protection for patented designs
• Easley v. Cromartie, 532 U.S. 234 (2001): racial discrimination, gerrymandering
• Atwater v. City of Lago Vista, 532 U.S. 318 (2001): search and seizure
• Rogers v. Tennessee, 532 U.S. 451 (2001): due process, "year and a day rule" in murder cases
• Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001): refined meaning of 'search' in Fourth Amendment
• New York Times Co. v. Tasini, 533 U.S. 483 (2001): copyright in databases
• Palazzolo v. Rhode Island, 533 U.S. 606 (2001): substantive due process, takings clause
• Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 535 U.S. 302 (2002): substantive due process, takings clause
• Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co., 535 U.S. 722 (2002): prosecution history estoppel
• Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002): cannot execute mentally retarded
• Ring v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 584 (2002): judge cannot find facts for death sentence without a jury
• Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, 536 U.S. 639 (2002): constitutionality of school voucher program
• Republican Party of Minnesota v. White, 536 U.S. 765 (2002): election of state judges, freedom of speech
• Eldred v. Ashcroft, 000 U.S. 01-618 (2003): copyright duration
• Gratz v. Bollinger, 000 U.S. 02-516 (2003): racial discrimination, affirmative action, equal protection
• Grutter v. Bollinger, 000 U.S. 02-241 (2003): racial discrimination, affirmative action, equal protection
• Lawrence v. Texas, 000 U.S. 02-102 (2003): liberty, due process, homosexuality
• McConnell v. FEC, 000 U.S. 02-1674 (2003): First Amendment; political speech
• Virginia v. Black, 000 U.S. 01-1107 (2003): restricted speech
• Doe v. Chao, 000 U.S. 02-1377 (2004): governmental violation of privacy rights
• Crawford v. Washington, 000 U.S. 02-9410 (2004): prior testimony exception to hearsay in criminal trials, Sixth Amendment right to confront witnesses
• United States v. Dominguez Benitez, 542 U.S. 74 (2004): appellate review standard for violations of Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
• Locke v. Davey, 540 U.S. 712 (2004): a religion clauses case upholding a Washington state scholarship program which excluded funding devotional studies.
• Tennessee v. Lane, 541 U.S. 509 (2004): Congress's power under the 14th amendment, section 5; Americans With Disabilities Act
• Republic of Austria v. Altmann, 541 U.S. 677 (2004): retroactive application of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
• Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004): right to jury trial, judge-enhanced criminal sentences
• United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005): right to jury trial, judge-enhanced criminal sentences
• Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Industries Corp., 544 U.S. 280 (2005): state court decisions and the application of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine
• Cutter v. Wilkinson, 544 U.S. 709 (2005): religious freedom for prison inmates

Decided, but not yet reported

The cases in this section are recently decided and have not yet been published in a reporter, and thus have not yet been assigned an official United States Reports citation (e.g., 537 U.S. 186). They are identified using their Supreme Court docket number. The date listed is the date of decision. In addition, some of these cases use one of the following citations: Supreme Court Reporter (___ S.Ct. ___); Supreme Courts Reports, Lawyer's Edition (___ L.Ed. ___) [1]; or U.S. Law Week [2]. See Court citation, Unpublished decisions for additional guidance.

Note: Cases in this section are listed in order by the last name of the plaintiff (the name to the left of the "v."), and then, if necessary, by the name of the defendant (the name to the right):

• 04-368 (5/31/05) Arthur Andersen LLP v. United States (2005): legality of document destruction in the face of likely government investigation
• 02-891 (6/7/04) Central Laborers’ Pension Fund v. Heinz, 124 S.Ct. 2230 (2004): an ambiguity in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act
• 03-358 (6/7/04) Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen, 124 S.Ct. 2204 (2004): Presidential foreign affairs and foreign trade actions
• 02-1624 (6/14/04) Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, 542 U.S. ___ (2004): validity of “under God” in Pledge of Allegiance; standing to bring suit on another’s behalf.
• 03-1454 (6/6/05) Gonzales v. Raich (2005): legitimacy of using marijuana as a medicine, and power of the federal government to regulate intrastate activities
• 03-6696 (6/28/04) Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. ___ (2004): detention of American citizens
• 03-5554 (6/21/04) Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada, 542 U.S. ___ (2004): constitutionality of state law requiring citizens to identify themselves to police
• 03-923 (1/24/05) Illinois v. Caballes, 543 U.S. ___ (2005): Fourth Amendment Search and seizure
• 02-572 (6/21/04) Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., 542 U.S. ___ (2004): foreign tribunals
• 04-108 (6/23/05) Kelo v. City of New London (2005): eminent domain; takings of private property for private development
• 03-1237 (6/13/05) Merck KGaA, Petitioner v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd., et al.: applicability of patents in preclinical studies
• 03-1693 (6/27/05) McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky (2005): constitutionality of a Ten Commandments display; potential reformulation of the Lemon test
• 04-277 (6/27/05) National Cable and Telecomm. Assn v. Brand X Internet Services 545 U.S. ___ (2005)
• 04-480 (6/27/05) MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. (2005): Copyright infringement in P2P file-sharing; re-examination of Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios
• 03-334 (6/28/04) Rasul v. Bush, 542 U.S. ____ (2004): jurisdiction over foreign nationals detained in Guantanamo Bay
• 03-633 (3/1/05) Roper v. Simmons, 543 U. S. ____ (2005): Eighth Amendment; cruel and unusual punishment; capital punishment for juveniles under 18 (compare Thompson v. Oklahoma from 1988)
• 03-1027 (6/28/04) Rumsfeld v. Padilla, 124 S.Ct. 2230 (2004): detention of American citizens
• 03-750 (4/26/05) Small v. United States (2005): resolution of split appeals court decisions on inclusion of foreign courts in the term “any court”
• 03-1388 (6/06/05) Spector v. Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd. (2005): applicability of the Americans with Disabilities Act to foreign-held companies
• 04-617 (6/13/05) Stewart v. United States (2005): applicability of Commerce Clause in criminalizing private homemade automatic firearms
• 03-1395 (3/2/05) Tenet v. Doe, 544 U. S. ____ (2005): enforceability of contracts between the government and spies (undercover CIA agents)
• 03-1488 (5/31/05) Tory v. Cochran (2005): defamation, enjoinment of speech; continuity of injunction after death
• 03-1500 (6/27/05) Van Orden v. Perry (2005): legality of a Ten Commandments display