Talk:Lemon/Archive 1

Archive 1

Why does "Lemon Tree" redirect here?

This article is solely about the fruit, there is nothing about cultivation, distribution, origin, height, soil preference, temperature preference, pests, processing... 213.112.197.9 (talk) 07:38, 17 September 2011 (UTC)

Non-culinary uses - Wood Treatment

At a cursory glance it would appear that lemon oil (from a lemon) can be used for wood treatment. It isn't until you actually read the whole description that you realise that it is an entirely different substance all together - surely this should be removed from the 'uses' section altogether and mentioned as a possible source of confusion somewhere else? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.212.199.56 (talk) 14:19, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Lemon antiquity

first mentioned in the book of Nabathae on agriculture in the third or fourth century This is being widely quoted through google from Wikipedia. Are these Nabataeans? This reference is garbled. Any sources for the history of lemons? Wetman 09:59, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Might even be flat-out wrong. Some sources [3] claim that the lemon *was* known to the ancient Romans, and possibly the Greeks as well. --Delirium 10:06, Dec 6, 2003 (UTC)

I have removed this line. Nabathae is a French form for 'Nabataeans', as used by Gustave Flaubert in his Cathaginian historic novel, Salammbo. There is no Nabataean book on agriculture of any century. Wetman 16:58, 8 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Editing Archery, I noticed there's no entry for lemon trees or the wood. There's not much here either. --blades 23:22, May 15, 2004 (UTC)

An anon appears to have removed interwikis and some other stuff in a fit of undetected vandalism. I think I have re-incorporated everything, but may have missed something that was added later. If so, my apologies. Also, I re-removed the bit about Nabathae, because of the above convo - I didn't see anything in the history that made me think it was proven correct, and there seems to be significant doubts, and nothing here. I don't know if Wetman never actually removed it like he says he did, or if someone re-added it. If it is correct, please supply some verification. Tuf-Kat 03:59, Dec 26, 2004 (UTC)

There's this comment in the text: One unusual use of lemon juice is as the main ingredient of an oil substitute for cars. Was the writer thinking of limonene, perhaps? That might fit the bill better, though there's not much found in the juice, it's mostly in the lemon rind. Malcolm Farmer 09:09, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I've removed above sentence, lemon juice is essentially water and therefore can't be the main part of any fuel.

---

The current reference to lemons at Pompei probably contradicts the idea that the Arabs first knew of it in the 10th C. It's hardly likely to have reached Rome without going through Arab lands.. Leaving it for someone else to sort out. Imc 21:16, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Comment. Written descriptions do not mean it was unknown before that time.

Hybrid?

This article states that lemons are a hybrid but of what is that what the (Citrus x Limon) is in the beginning? If so, perhaps we could place it after we state that it is a hybrid, as an apposition w/ commas.

Yeah, there is very little about the plant itself, this article seems to just be about the fruit. ErikHaugen (talk) 15:31, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

Please follow Wikipedia article on Citron and Etrog and the references linked to there, and you'l have everything clear. You may copy the information and enrich the Lemon article too. CitricAsset (talk) 18:11, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

Bad example

Lemon batteries are particularly weak. They can not be used to light light bulbs or run motors unless a large number of lemons a connected in an array. See:[4], [5] and [6]. --Martyman-(talk) 04:02, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Lemon juice alkaline?

The article claims that lemon juice is alkaline. Is this correct? Perhaps what was meant is that it is less acidic than gastric juices? Jorge Stolfi 22:34, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

I've read that lemon juice is an acid, but it alkalines in the body when ingested.

Lemons are ACID like all citrus fruits. This fruitloopery about lemons being alkaline is a food fad that categorises foods according to the ph of the ash they leave when burnt... The logic is never quite explained, but it is a good excuse to sell books, test strips and all sorts of paraphenalia. Try Googling "alkaline foods" and count the AdSense! Cjsunbird (talk) 21:37, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

Growing lemons

Does anyone know where it is possible to grow lemon trees in the US? (Excluding greenhouses) It doesn't say in the article. Evan Robidoux 23:31, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Go to any nursery site and see what zones the particular type of lemon you want to grow is hardy in. Despite the line in the main article about frost they seem to do very well in coastal Northern California where frost is not severe but not uncommon. Bob Palin 15:42, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

I want to know that when you put the juice of lemon into a polysterine cup it doesn't errode it BUT when you add grated peel it errodes???

(sexesaz001@live.co.uk) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.171.129.79 (talk) 12:28, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Vandalism

vandalism attributed to 69.153.177.2. I deleted it. 64.253.101.78 21:33, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

can a lemon be used as a battery

I'm pretty sure it is. A battery is simply 2 different types of metal in an acid and lemons contain citric acid. All you have to do is stick two different pieces of metal with wires on into the lemon and you might be able to light up the bulb. --βjweþþ (talk) 21:24, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Correct. Zinc in one and copper in the other works well. StuRat 22:04, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Additionally, electrolyte has some info. A galvanic cell just needs two dissimilar metals and something to bridge the ions. Acids have extra ions of hydrogen, and Ph is actually a measurement of these hydrogen ions. Bases also have free ions (of -OH) as do salt solutions. The electricity doesn't originate in the lemon. Instead, a lemon allows the two reactions to happen that cause the difference in potential accross the two metals. 216.114.134.44 01:45, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

The lemon_battery article says a lemon can't power a lightbulb. Should the article be changed to reflect this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.237.198.107 (talk) 03:03, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

Royal Navy fooled by lemons?!

Does anyone have a cite for this sentence: "The Royal Navy originally thought lemons were overripe limes which they resemble and their sailors became known as limeys, not lemonies."

While perhaps ignorant sailors *in* the Royal Navy might not understand that lemons were a different fruit than limes, it seems unlikely that the Royal Navy itself, which was making a point of using lemons for a public health purpose, wouldn't understand what lemons were. Thesmothete 01:59, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

I find it very hard to believe that they would not recognise the difference. The way I heard it, they were using actual lime juice at one stage (not sure whether lime replaced lemon or vice versa) and that's why lime juice is in so many gin drinks eg gimlet. I guess it's possible that the lemon was discovered this way but without a reference we should remove it. Nick 03:33, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

What does this mean?

Under Description it starts with the sentence: "A lemon tree can grow to 6 an open crown." What does this mean? Something looks messed up here. Tyrel Haveman 00:04, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Parentage

Does anyone know what the parent taxa of C. limon are? This article ought to state them if they are known. SP-KP 00:22, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Lemon history

"the first unequivocal description of the lemon, is found in the early tenth-century Arabic treatise on farming by Qustus al-Rumi"

"More recent research has identified lemons in the ruins of Pompeii."

These statements would seem to be contradictory - what is the earliest identification of the lemon? Bob Palin 15:36, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

• Al-Rumi described them, but the pompeiians had them.216.114.134.44 09:21, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

It's strange then that Pliny the older didn't know or just didn't write about them since he died because of the same eruption that destroied Pompei (as described by Pliny the younger). Plch 00:27, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Pompeii reference added. Fledgeling 14:50, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

-this sentence is false:"The first substantial lemon cultivation in Europe began in Genoa in the middle of the 15th century". lemons grow in Spain since the muslim times (VIII-XV centuries), as can be read in a lot of documents (writen in arab). Spain it is not in Europe?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.130.6.129 (talk) 16:12, 28 July 2011 (UTC)

Hybrid?

The lemon, Citrus × limon, is a citrus tree, a hybrid of cultivated origin. In what sense is the lemon a hybrid? Does anyone have a citation supporting this? drJock 20:00, 5 Mar 2006 (GMT)

Well, History says that it derives from the citron and mandarin, and "when and where this first occured is not known". Presumably genetic or chromosomal evidence? EdC 21:22, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Please

Can anybody please create Russian version of this article?--Nixer 00:23, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

"In food" headline

The section titled "In food" should maybe be renamed to "In food preparation" or something similar. Lemons themselves are a food, in a sense, and I think it's a little unclear. -Mkilly 03:59, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Good thinking. I'll go ahead and make the change. — TheKMan^talk 13:46, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

New Image

Lemon

This is the image of lemons in Citrus. I think it might be more interesting than the illustration we have (admittedly, I don't like illustrations, so it might be a little biased). Nicholasink 19:30, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Well, the image is nice (and already included somewhere on the page), however, the illustration does a nice job of depicting the different parts of the plant. — TheKMan^talk 19:36, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Lemon Peel and D-limonene

I have read that lemon peel can be consumed (I have eaten it and suffered no ill effect) and has a substance in called D-limonene, which is believed to help protect against skin cancer. However, I believe that pile of the lime should never be eaten because it is poisonous. Can any one shed light on this, please?ACEO 19:07, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

The zest of all citrus fruits are often used in cooking, and the pith is bitter but still edible. The article on limonene makes no mention of its effect on cancer, but it is what gives all citrus its strong scent. — TheKMan^talk 04:09, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

GA Failed

This article failed the GA nominees due to lack of references. See WP:CITE and WP:FOOT for more info. Tarret 12:52, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Thanks i'll work on that. --Bjwebb (talk) 08:50, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Spanish translation

As I mentioned on talk:Lime (fruit), the Spanish translation of these two words has been unfortunately reversed. I'll fix the link, but this is how it should be:
lime = limón (smaller, green)
lemon = lima (larger, yellow)
Counterintuitive, I agree, but that's the way it is. --Cromwellt|talk|contribs 21:41, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

Galery

I have cleaned up the gallery as i think 8 pics is enough and the meyer lemon is a hybrid. If anyone has any objections please say.--Bjwebb (talk) 18:55, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

Failed GA again

This article failed good article nomination. This is how the article, as of December 27, 2006 compares against the six good article criteria:

1. Well written?: Pretty good, prose good, some sections (especially food preparation) a bit disorganized. 2. Factually accurate?: Inadequately sourced, needs greater verifiability 3. Broad in coverage?: Insufficient. Should have more material on health and nutrition, at least, as much as is spent on the lemon battery experiment. Not enough coverage of most important topics 4. Neutral point of view?: Acceptable 5. Article stability? Acceptable 6. Images?: Gallery isn't really needed and is repetitious. Best images can be incorporated into article, the rest aren't needed.

When these issues are addressed, the article can be resubmitted for consideration. Thanks for your work so far.

This article still is not up to Good article standards. It is well-enough written in terms of prose style, but is inadequately sourced, the gallery is rather unnecessary (the best photos should be incorporated into the article and the rest tossed), the "In food preparation" section is sort of a mishmash of recipe trivia that also incorporates health remedies and nutritional information--which are interesting sections that should be expanded and given their own heading (along with the nutritional chart). And why is there a whole heading on lemon batteries when there is no heading on the nutritional aspects of the lemon, a topic of far greater significance? Basically, this article is on its way to becoming a good article, it's "B" class at least, but it's not there yet. Sorry to turn you down twice, but this still needs work. Montanabw 20:23, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

Strange Example

I removed the sentence, "Lemon juice is also sprinkled on body parts to prevent rashes which would otherwise rapidly darken the area, making it appear less appetizing."

• "Less appetizing?" Is this a use for lemons appealing to cannibals?
• I would have changed just that portion, but I don't understand the entry as a whole - lemon juice prevents rashes? What sort of rashes? Can it treat them after they've appeared, or only beforehand? Does it work on slowly-spreading rashes, or only those which "rapidly darken the area"?

I think a few things need to be cleaned up here before it belongs in the article. PaladinWhite 12:03, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Lemon Preparation For Market

As a young child, I vividly remember my uncle's citrus orchard which had oranges and lemons. I distinctly remember eating the lemons straight off the tree (Several a day!) and they were sweet and tangy and made a lemonade that was beyond belief, opposed to the lemons that are extraordinarily sour from the market. My mother tells me that this is due to packaging methods involving picking the lemons underripe, shipping, and carbon dioxide accelerated aging somewhere along the way. Any truth to this, and could this be worked into the article? 147.4.194.14 14:29, 15 May 2007 (UTC) A passing visitor

Well, I have a lemon tree in my backyard, and they're still incredibly sour right off the tree. Perhaps your uncle's orchard had a variety of lemons which were less sour than normal. Indeterminate 08:04, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

Lemon oil as an insecticide

I thought I remembered hearing a local termite company advertising using lemon oil, so I was checking on here, but it turns out that the usual advertisements are for "Orange Oil" treatments. Since lemon and orange oil are both basically just D-limonene, I figured it would be helpful to add this usage as a non-culinary use. However, I forgot that I wasn't logged in when I added this little tidbit. If I'm wrong and you know it, feel free to let me know. Thanks. Indeterminate 08:08, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

Lemon in Buddhism

I have failed to incorporate that lemons are one of the three holy fruits in Buddhism. It have gained this title because of it's medical properties. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.202.179.68 (talk) 01:32, August 30, 2007 (UTC)

LEMON - another meaning

We have implemented an open source C++ library, called LEMON. It provides a set of easy-to-use implementation of common data structures and algorithms in the area of optimization and helps implementing new ones. We have decided to create a Wikipedia-page for it. However the lemon Wikipedia-page is already reserved (from acceptable reasons). How could we publish our software in Wikipedia? Maybe a new chapter with Products named Lemon should be opened? We would prefer this solution. Any other idea?

Phegyi81 16:35, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

The standard thing to do is to create a page specifically for your subject (for instance, Lemon (software), and then list your page on the Lemon (disambiguation) page. If you look at the top of this article (and many others like it, eg Gnu), you'll notice the tag "For other uses, see ...". That way, people who come to this page will be able to find your page. Does that make sense? Indeterminate 05:19, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

Thank you very much! Phegyi81 16:07, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

Site dedicated to lemon

Many articles about lemon & C. - Limmi (also in italian and french)
Jadamatta 14:50, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Non lemon lemon oil!

The article states that the type of lemon oil used for wood treatments are of mineral origin. I have read (http://www.chestnutproducts.co.uk/results.php?cat=Oils) that it is actually made from lemon grass. This link also indicates that it can be used for a finish and is water resistant. Some claim that it is volatile and only provides a smell for a few days. I am not sure if everything evaporates; but it definately does not build a finish like tung or linseed oil.

130.226.208.203 (talk) 15:50, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

How extracting lemon essential oil

Lemon essential oil is extracted from porous and aromatic fruit's rinds in different ways: Lemon essential oil by hand using a Sponge Extraction Process (now abandoned)

Basically, lemons are halved transversely, then the peel is pressed against a sponge, so that the oil-glands burst open and the sponge absorbs the exuded oil, which is collected in a receiving vessel. Due to market and economy demands, today are preferred mechanical techniques, although the so-extracted juice is of an excellent quality. Through a Cold Press Extraction (by grinding or rasping)

Lemons are placed in devices, called Sfumatrici, which screw and scrape lemon's rind and therefore essence pour out from the oil cells. This technique allows the production of a very good quality essential oil (since thermal treatments do not compromise the terpenic mix), even though the amount of oil extracted is scarce. Thanks to this system is extracted also some water, that will be separate by centrifugation.

Another technique in use is the hydraulic press: lemons are minced and the melted staff, draining from the press, is steam-distilled with low pressure. What left from centrifugation and distillation can be useful to produce citric acid or calcium citrate.

The worthily-quality deterpenic essential oil, with a perfume 15 times finer than a standard essential oil, is obviously more expensive. The oil that has been deterpened, which is to say, that its terpens by distillation (deterpenization) has been removed, can be used to extract vacuum-packed solvent for cosmetic and food.

The greasy liquid extracted - yellowish, citrus scented and with a citrate taste along with a bitter and sour aftertaste - is alcohol soluble and it's made of limonene (or terpene). Among all the other components: Camphene, Pinene, Phellandrene, Terpinenes, Cymene, Monoterpenes, Alkanes, Aldehydes (Citral, Geranial), Coumarine and Furanocoumarine. Technical report

Main components: Limonene (60-69%), Linalil and Geranil Acetates, Terpinene, Sabinene, Pinene, Citral, Linalool, Octanol, Citronellal, Bergamoten, Nonalool, Mycenae, Iron, Calcium, Silicon, Phosphorus, Copper, Manganese, Vitamins (B1, B2, B3, To, C).

Extraction: Cold press extraction Balsamic period: spring Essence profit: 0,3-0,5 Smell intensity: 4 Density: 0,85- 0,86 Uses

Lemon essential oil is widely employed by food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries as food, beverage, liquors, drugs and perfumes flavourer.

Curiosity

To collect only a kilo of lemon essential oil, we need about 200 kg of lemons (almost 1500-2000 lemons). That's why this kind of oil is so precious and expensive. The more valuable quality of lemon essences is extracted by unripe fruits (i.e. in Italy the most precious quality essence are made with lemon yielded and used from the end of November to the early begin of March in Ionian area, whereas, in Sicily, until all April month. After this period the quality standard decreases).

What are lemon essential oil?

Lemon essential oil are greasy, volatile and perfumed oils extracted from citrus fruits, flowers and other vegetable with different method: by press, through vegetables' cut, by steam distillation, etc. Did you know...?

Lemon essence has a shorter shelf life than many others vegetable oils, around 9 months. Store it in a dry cool place, out of direct light.

Jadamatta 15:00, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

The Map

How does one read the map of lemon producers? It suggests to me that lemons are cultivated in New England. | I find that hard to believe I find that hard to believe.--Aaronp808 (talk) 05:35, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

I agree. I live in Pennsylvania, and I can promise you that lemons do not grow here. I think the map should be removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.181.161.250 (talk) 18:11, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Pedant

"Three lemons"? Erm, surely there are two lemons in that photo (one whole and two halves)? Richard W.M. Jones (talk) 22:18, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

Haha, nice catch. I fixed it. Indeterminate (talk) 07:49, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Wow

I always learn so much on Wikipedia. Now I know that New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Ohio are the top lemon producing areas in the USA. I would have guessed Florida and California, but they must grow them indoors in the Northeast. Thanks for the informative map. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.248.69.230 (talk) 15:33, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

Time for protection?

This article gets vandalized multiple times a day, should we be seeking protection? Murderbike (talk) 21:10, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

In my personal opinion, yes. However, in the last hour i've had to revert vandalism by a registered user. And i only believe we could achive semi-protection. TheProf | Talk 21:27, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Well, that's better than nothing IMO. I get really bored of seeing it in my watchlist several times a day. Murderbike (talk) 21:34, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

I've now requested protection. Fingers crossed! TheProf | Talk 21:35, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Vandalism lasted far too long!

This edit lasted far too long. Three hours anyone looking for real information on Lemons would have seen it! Maybe a pro-longed semi-protection is the next step? TheProf | Talk 22:06, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

Unusual varieties?

Watching the PBS Rick Steves' Europe show, he's in Italy. A lemon merchant shows him a bizarre lemon at least 6" long and 3½" thick. What variety is this? The merchant mentioned a name but I didn't catch it. I've never seen or heard of a lemon that size in a US store. --Ragemanchoo (talk) 02:45, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

pineapple juice

i need a literature on pineapple juice, please.the effect of preservatives on the vitanin c composition of pinneapple juice (soduim benzoate,citric acidand sodium bisulphite) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.199.198.3 (talk) 13:05, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Vandalism to first paragraph

I've tried to fix vandalism to the first paragraph that had gone unnoticed.

It now begins: "The lemon is the common name for Citrus limon. The reproductive tissue surrounds the seed of the angiosperm lemon tree."

Could someone who knows about botany check that this is what was intended? AdeMiami (talk) 09:04, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

Growing lemons

I was searching information about hardy lemon varieties, but there appeared not to be any information about how lemon trees are grown, neither inside, outside or commercially.

For example, I know that lemon trees, or some variety of them, can be grown at Alps where average temperature is *very* low: but what variety that would be, and how cold it survives?

Any links to lemon enthusiasts' pages around the world would be good. 91.152.74.24 (talk) 10:55, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

Sugar

I'd like to see some information about the sugar content of lemons. Thanks. Maikel (talk) 10:56, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

Non-culinary uses

This section needs to be weeded out, many of the statements are old-wive's-tales. E. g. that lemons are effective against acne. Maikel (talk) 11:01, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

protection

Have protected this because most if not all fo the last 50 edits have been vandalism or reversion. If you need to edit the page, please let me know on my talk add the template{{{Editprotected}}} to this talk page. Cheers, Dlohcierekim 23:44, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

40 varieties of lemon are mentioned in an article from purdue.edu...

While trying to find varieties of lemons on the web, I discovered a very detailed article on the lemon (many topics). It included these 40 varieties, and seemed to imply that more existed. I have gleaned them together into an alphabetized list and hoped to include them on the lemon page. Here they are:

01. Allen 02. Armstrong (aka Armstrong Seedless) 03. Avon 04. Bearss 05. Berna (aka Bernia, Vema, Vernia) 06. Cascade 07. Cook 08. Corona Foothill Eureka 09. Dorshapo (a kind of Sweet Lemon, see below: named for plant explorers DORsett, SHAmel, and POpenoe.) 10. Eureka (aka Garey's Eureka) 11. Eustis 12. Femminello Ovale 13. Fino 14. Gallego 15. Galligan Lisbon 16. Genoa 17. Harvey 18. Interdonato 19. Lambert Eureka 20. Lisbon 21. Lunario 22. Meyer (Citrus limon x (?)C. reticulata) 23. Millsweet (a kind of Sweet Lemon, see below.) 24. Monachello (aka Moscatello; C.limon x C.?) 25. Monroe Sweet 26. Nelspruit 15 27. Nepali Oblong (aka Assam, Pat Nebu) 28. Nepali Round 29. Perkin 30. Perrine (C. limon x 'Mexican Lime') 31. Ponderosa (aka American Wonder, Wonder; C. limon x C.?) 32. Portugal 33. Prior Lisbon 34. Rosenberger (Lisbon x Villafranca) 35. Ross 36. Rough Lemon (aka Florida Rough, French, Jamberi, Mazoe) 37. Santa Teresa 38. Sweet Lemon (C. limetta Risso; a general name for certain non-acid lemons or limettas) 39. Verna 40. Villefranca

The artical in question can be found at http://newcrop.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/lemon.html The artical gives its own citation as:

"Morton, J. Lemon p.160-168 In: Fruits of warm climates. Julie F. Morton, Miami, FL"

Please let me know if I can include this. Thanks. Hamamelis (talk) 10:26, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

Redundancy in first paragraph.

{{editsemiprotected}} The penultimate sentence in the intro paragraph reads, "Lemons are also known for their sourness." This is completely redundant, as it follows a fairly detailed explanation of the lemon's sour flavor and acid content. Please simply remove this sentence.

 Done fahadsadah (talk,contribs) 07:55, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

Lemon has much acid in this juice. This juice is good for science projects and much more. Lemon juice is one of the main juices in the world. Many people love lemon juice. We know lemon juice from Europ. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.141.237.5 (talk) 14:26, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

Nutrition Value

what is the Nutrition value of a lemon? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.139.226.37 (talk) 07:48, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

About lemon juice

Lemon juice is not like lemonade, because it has no sugar added. It is sour deppending on how many lemons u use. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.240.184.62 (talk) 00:51, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Copyrighted etymology?

This was the etymology a few edits ago.

The name lemon was originated from Arabic līmūn لیمون and Persian limun through Old Italian and Old French limone. The word līmūn لیمون (Arabic) and limun (Persian) itself came from the Sanskrit word Nimbu. Nimbu is still the current word for lemon in most of the indian languages.

Now, it is replaced with this:

Lemon : Its Origin is in 1350–1400; 1905–10. According to www.dictionary.com: Although we know neither where the lemon was first grown nor when it first came to Europe, we know from its name that it came to us from the Middle East because we can trace its etymological path. One of the earliest occurrences of our word is found in a Middle English customs document of 1420-1421. The Middle English word limon goes back to Old French limon, showing that yet another delicacy passed into England through France. The Old French word probably came from Italian limone, another step on the route that leads back to the Arabic word laymūn or līmūn, which comes from the Persian word līmūn.

which is, I think, a copyright violation. Apparently from the American Heritage Dictionary that dictionary.com mirrored. But on the other hand, does this article really need an etymology? I think, if we were going to put an etymology, it should be on Wiktionary instead. colfulus‽ 01:34, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

The etymology is important as it gives a background on the English name of the fruit. As to where we should source the information, I'm not sure we can use Wiktionary as its generally against WP policy to use any of the Wikis in the project as a "source". Personally, I would prefer a more reliable source (perhaps hard copy dictionary? or news article?) for the etymology rather than an online dictionary, even if Dictionary.com is sourcing from a hardcopy. --nsaum75 ^¡שיחת! 07:42, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress

There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Lemon (disambiguation) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 22:30, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

invisible ink

http://chemistry.about.com/cs/howtos/ht/invisibleink3.htm I'm surprised that a complete page like this missed this one... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 147.9.232.75 (talk) 23:15, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

IMPOSSIBLE nutritional facts

"Carbohydrates - 7.8 g, Protein - 0.9 g, Fat - 0.25 g, Calories - 100" - not a possible combination, as that would provide approximately 32kcals from carbs, 4kcals from protein, and 2kcals from fat, adding up to about 38, NOT 100 Aadieu (talk) 18:07, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

Seed Distribution

Does anyone know what the biological value of the lemon (or the citron, for that matter) is to the plant it grows on? I would think that, being so conspicuously colored and so (everyone insists) edible, it's supposed to attract some sort of animal, which will then eat its seeds and distribute them via its excrement. But since no human that I know would actually eat a raw lemon or citron unless he absolutely had to, what would? Birds? How do they get through the skin? I've looked in various places for an answer to this question, and I can't seem to find anything. -Agur bar Jacé (talk) 15:45, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

Edit request from Manny32991, 14 September 2011

My a page on Variegated Pink Lemons

as soon as possible Manny32991 (talk) 03:05, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

Um... could you be more clear as to what you are asking? If you wish there to be a new page created, try requested articles. sonia♫ 06:28, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

Factually incorrect statement in the Introduction

"Lemon juice is about 5% to 6% (approximately 0.3 M) citric acid, which gives lemons a sour taste, and a pH of 2–3. This makes lemon juice an inexpensive, readily available acid for use in educational science experiments."

It is incorrect to state, as this sequence seems to, that lemons' citric acid content, sour taste, and low pH somehow make them both inexpensive and readily available. The way this is worded falsely implies a causation that isn't there. While many people consider lemons to be inexpensive (although the question must be asked, "compared to what?") and they are readily available in many places, these two attributes of lemons are not necessarily ubiquitous among all places and peoples, and where they are present, it is not at all clear that they have anything to do with the fruit's citric acid content, sour taste, or pH, which do not cause lemons to be cheap and abundant, but are simply characteristics of the lemon unrelated to its price or availability.

Actually, considering the great deal of information about lemons available, and the fact that one would expect only the most relevant and general information to present itself in the introduction, it seems very strange that a sentence about lemons' potential for use in science experiments, which must be a comparatively miniscule portion of the total use to which world lemon yield is put, should be in the introduction, at all. But if this information must, for reasons that are unaccountable to me, be contained in the introduction, then it should be rewritten so that a faulty inference is not made that the cheapness and availability of lemons is due to their acidity, which is obviously not true at all, but which nonetheless is clearly stated at present. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.197.90.105 (talk) 20:06, 30 September 2011 (UTC)

• Good point IMO, I've demoted that sentence from the lead. Fugyoo (talk) 22:13, 30 September 2011 (UTC)

Trees to grow

     How and where to grow a lemon

       California , texas , Florida , Mexico. Growing a lemon can be trouble.  You can grow lemons in the states shown in the

first sentence. But If you would prefer to grow a lemon, you'd have to grow a lemon tree. A city wouldn't be the best place to grow a lemon tree because of pollution and lack of sunlight, from sky scrapers. But California , Texas ,mexico, and florida would be nice because of their year-round warm weather. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Surferjamjill (talk • contribs) 22:23, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

References in general

Are the external links on this page meant to be references to any of the statements made in this article? Are any of the statements to be taken as factual - needs lots of citation. ex: "The juice, however, is not an effective antibiotic, as is commonly thought." This seems subjective without citation of reference with data to support this statement, &c.

The article failed a GA Nom (see above) for this reason. It seems to have been renominated, although this has not been addressed. There needs to be inline citations. The JPS^{talk to me} 13:40, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

Cultivation, tree characteristics and Pompeii references added- these are in print. Im' the one who originally added that info. Fledgeling 14:36, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Done! Fledgeling 23:51, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

One of the references does not work. Specifically, it is the one that says "scurvy" in it's title. Adnan7631 —Preceding undated comment added 13:13, 24 April 2012 (UTC).

freezing lemons

can you freeze lemons —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.7.192.186 (talk) 10:31, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

I think you probably can. source: http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070116093618AAdY5jH Thanks, Woofy (talk) 21:42, 8 May 2012 (UTC)

Why such constant vandalism?

Could someone please explain to me why this innocent little article is such a constant target for vandals? Apple doesn't have this problem! AdeMiami (talk) 15:31, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

I'm not sure, but I'm guessing maybe because people think no one really looks at this article and the people doing it might think, How can you vandalize a page like this?

I hope this helps. Woofy (talk) 21:40, 8 May 2012 (UTC)

Lemons At Room Temperature

"Allowing lemons to come to room temperature before squeezing (or heating briefly in a microwave) makes the juice easier to extract." Is there a citation for this? If not, is it not anecdotal? 218.186.9.233 (talk) 13:08, 18 July 2010 (UTC)

I don't really know much about this, but I don't think it's true. Woofy (talk) 21:37, 8 May 2012 (UTC)

Let's remove it then, it's not particularly something which needs to go in the article. JoshuSasori (talk) 11:55, 12 May 2012 (UTC)

more on growing lemons section

I was just wondering if we could add more on growing lemons, e.g., where they're grown or what time of year, facts like that. Just one sentence doesn't seem enough. Can somebody reply and tell me it's OK to change this? Woofy (talk) 21:34, 8 May 2012 (UTC)

Please go ahead and add what you want to. JoshuSasori (talk) 11:54, 12 May 2012 (UTC)

limmi.it

This website limmi.it is used as a reference for the article but it is not really a great reference. It is just some kind of factoids on a commercial website for a kind of lemon juice product. Can someone put a better reference? JoshuSasori (talk) 11:57, 12 May 2012 (UTC)

Varieties

I doubt there is a "bush lemon tree" in australia that is distinct from C. jhambiri ... someone who knows might fold this item into C. jhambiri — Preceding unsigned comment added by Snaxalotl (talk • contribs) 12:35, 5 August 2012 (UTC)

Nutritional value

"06:39, 6 August 2012‎ JoshuSasori (talk | contribs)‎ . . (17,435 bytes) (-193)‎ . . (→‎Nutritional value: removed the previous two edits because (1) the reference given does not support the claim (2) the claim is a cookery tip not related to nutritional value (3) it is not clear that cookery tips belong in the article)"

So what has "Lemons left unrefrigerated for long periods of time are susceptible to mold." to do with Nutritional value? --helohe (talk) 10:10, 6 August 2012 (UTC)

It doesn't. JoshuSasori (talk) 10:13, 6 August 2012 (UTC)

Lemon in india

There are no lemons in india. Only lime and sweet lime — Preceding unsigned comment added by 111.91.118.8 (talk) 12:07, 22 September 2012 (UTC)

Production

As the comment above about the lack of lemon in India indicates, it's strange to have a combined lemon and lime list in the lemon article. Here is a source for lemon only production, although it is not dated. Greenman (talk) 15:05, 15 October 2012 (UTC)

Someone might vandalize the description of Lemon

After reading a few sentences of this article, I suddenly felt that this one has probably been vandalized. Below are the first six sentences which is very suspicious about their correctness.

"Lemon is actually a plant hat comes from bananas. It is said that they'd ere first made when somebody peed on a banana tree and then a mutation happened. It is said that if your stomach hurts then squeeze some lemon in your ass. Then put the seeds in your mouth and swallow them. Also lemon is a very good substance for cut. If you get cut put it on it it will feel funny if it hurts that means you have cancer."

Hope someone fixes this soon. — Preceding unsigned comment added by IRobot2050 (talk • contribs) 09:10, 20 May 2013 (UTC)

You got your hope. This vandalism was reverted by a bot (an automated program) less than a minute after it was done. How did you even see it? --MelanieN (talk) 14:24, 20 May 2013 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 14 December 2013

I would like to add the image

Yellow lemons

for the gallery. Thank you!

Capecod141 (talk) 02:12, 14 December 2013 (UTC)

Question: Why? That image pretty much duplicates the image that's already in the article at the top of the infobox, and in fact shows less because it doesn't show a full, uncut lemon. I don't see the value in adding this image to the article. --ElHef (Meep?) 02:47, 14 December 2013 (UTC)

Suggested changement

Please remove the senseless "in a clear glass vial"-description, thanks.--178.197.236.241 (talk) 22:39, 20 May 2014 (UTC)

We are given the drum on how the Emperor of Narnia channels his chakra with lemon juice, and that 9/10 aroma therapists perform bizarre sex acts with large and unusually shaped lemons, but we hear nothing in terms of basic chemistry. The pH of fresh juice is 2. FWIW; essential oil is a rather old fashioned term, and is any olefinic organic oil than only dissolves in alcohol. They usually have a high BP (>160 C) and a very low smell and taste threshold.220.244.74.34 (talk) 03:54, 27 August 2014 (UTC)

Tautology in marinade description and other indicators of poor quality

Re: "It is used in marinades for fish, where its acid neutralizes amines in fish by converting them into nonvolatile ammonium salts, and meat, where the acid partially hydrolyzes tough collagen fibers, tenderizing the meat, but the low pH denatures the proteins, causing them to dry out when cooked." Collagens are structural proteins - please insert link to collagen page. Proteins are denatured by hydrolysis which can be achieved by lowering the pH. Acid and low pH are the same thing. Hence,'hydrolyse collagen' and 'denature proteins' are the same thing. And it is a run on sentence too. Suggested sentence cleaving off that about fish: When meat is marinated with lemon juice the acid partially hydrolyzes tough collagen [add link] fibers, tenderizing the meat, but this denaturation of proteins can cause the meat to dry out when cooked.

Most of the time I don't think this is true or at least it only dries out the steak surface protecting the meat inside - hence everyone else says marinating makes for a juicy steak. I think someone's theory is getting in the way of common experience and normal use.

This page is semi-protected but it is one of weakest pages about one of easiest topics. If people are going to block editing they could at least check it for common sense at the time and smooth out some of the formatting (like that of cultivar and variety names). There is nothing more enticing for editing than a clearly inadequate page.

Some of it is meaningless and unhelpful like this: "Lemons left unrefrigerated for long periods of time are susceptible to mold."

And this is the sole entry under Growing lemons: "Lemons are often grafted to more vigorous rootstocks".

I think the page should be unprotected so there is a chance of it being improved.Ericglare (talk) 09:19, 2 September 2014 (UTC)

Lemon weight

The lemon article lacks some weight of lemons.

Qwertyxp2000 (talk) 21:18, 12 November 2014 (UTC)

Why did such an acidic fruit evolve?

Lemon juice is pretty acidic, around pH = 2. A question I'd like to see the article address is what is the evolutionary advantage to such a sour fruit? I thought most fruits evolved as a seed distribution mechanism; animals would eat the fruit and excrete the seeds at remote locations, spreading the plant. But most fruits are sweet and sugary; I find it hard to imagine an animal enjoying the flesh of a lemon. Are there animals or bird species in its original habitat which prefer its acidic flesh? Thanks. --Chetvorno^TALK 09:21, 30 April 2015 (UTC)

Etymology

Missing in the article. --176.239.110.43 (talk) 17:11, 27 September 2015 (UTC)

Production Chart Issues

The chart in the production section has outdated data, but moreover, the percentage for the U.S. (5.10) is wrong (typo?). 771,110 for the U.S. is more than 759,711 for Turkey, which is listed as being 5.69%. Additionally, the link to the #17 reference site does not yield any pertinent material/data, if it once did.100.34.25.186 (talk) 00:07, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Lemon OIL: pH? How much Citric Acid in it? None?

This page kind of claims the oil has no acid: http://whiff-love.com/2013/11/lemon-juice-lemon-essential-oil/ 88.192.241.136 (talk) 18:01, 2 September 2015 (UTC)

this is not true  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.208.99.235 (talk) 00:14, 8 December 2015 (UTC) 

Lemon OIL: pH? How much Citric Acid in it? None?

This page kind of claims the oil has no acid: http://whiff-love.com/2013/11/lemon-juice-lemon-essential-oil/ 88.192.241.136 (talk) 18:01, 2 September 2015 (UTC)

this is not true  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.208.99.235 (talk) 00:14, 8 December 2015 (UTC) 

External links modified

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Photograph caption

Please change the caption "Lemon external and internal surfaces" to "Lemon external and cut surfaces" Thanks --76.14.85.215 (talk) 05:47, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

Partly done: I changed it to "external surface and cross-section" as that seems more descriptive and accurate. EvergreenFir (talk) Please {{re}} 18:59, 17 February 2016 (UTC)

See also section please

• List of citrus fruits
• List of culinary fruits varieties — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.38.105.161 (talk) 00:58, 23 September 2016 (UTC)
• List of lemon cultivars — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.38.105.161 (talk) 01:01, 23 September 2016 (UTC)

Citric acid and energy

Eric Kvaalen: You provided the following edit to the Nutrition section: In the table to the right, the citric acid is included in the "carbohydrates" (even though it is not a carbohydrate), but it has a lower contribution to the food energy than true carbohydrates such as sugars. This is taken into consideration in the energy value given.

References

While I respect your analytical critique of this issue for lemon, as well as for tomato, I question its encyclopedic value because it creates more confusion than clarification, and to me, is a point of questionable importance. Let's keep in mind we are writing for a lay encyclopedia user per WP:NOTTEXTBOOK, #6-8. Thanks. --Zefr (talk) 14:53, 8 March 2017 (UTC)

Zefr Well, I think it's an interesting point. I don't see why we need to protect people from interesting facts. Citric acid is like a partially oxidized carbohydrate, which means it has less energy left to give and more mass (per carbon). There are many foods for which the USDA database puts a considerable amount of more-or-less undigestible "fibre" into the "carbohydrate" category, but lemons are probably the only food for which the database puts a large quantity of a non-carbohydrate into the "carbohydrate" category. (There are foods for which most of the "carbohydrate" is lactic acid, but lactic acid could be considered a carbohydrate since its formula is C₃(H
₂O)₃.)

Growing Lemons

What information do you think is appropriate for Wikipedia? Wikipedia is not intended to be a "how to" info source, but since lemons are grown, both commercially and at home, surely a few basic points should be summarized here. I thought the minimum temperature was an obvious start, but actually I question the RHS figure I quoted, even though I would usually consider RHS to be a reliable source. I would say reasonably mature lemons can tolerate right down to 0 Centigrade in sheltered conditions. IceDragon64 (talk) 15:16, 19 April 2017 (UTC)

Suggest finding more WP:RS sources to back up any horticulture statements. --Zefr (talk) 15:36, 19 April 2017 (UTC)

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Concentrated Lemon Juice

We are a group of undergraduate students from a food & nutrition course at the University of British Columbia. We want to contribute information about "lemon juice" to Wikipedia. We were wondering whether we could add our research under Section 4.1 "Juice" of the "Lemon" Wikipedia page, or create a separate "Lemon Juice" page, which we would link to the current "Lemon" page. Thank you.

Topic: Lemon Juice.

Questions: - How is lemon juice extracted from the lemon? - What is the difference between lemon juice vs. concentrated lemon juice? - What are the methods of food processing (preservation, packaging, and distribution)? - Uses of concentrated lemon juice. - Nutritional value of concentrated lemon juice.

Potential Sources of Information: - https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/lemon-juice - http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/5448/1/JSIR%2063%285%29%20444-451.pdf - http://www.dpsgproductfacts.com/en/product/REALEMON_JUICE_BOTTLEBULK_1TSP - http://www.cobell.co.uk/index.php?page=54 - https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Concentrated%20Lemon%20Juice%20for%20Manufacturing%20Standard.pdf - http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y2515e/y2515e13.htm - https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Concentrated%20Lemon%20Juice%20for%20Manufacturing%20Standard.pdf — Preceding unsigned comment added by Yak226 (talk • contribs) 19:02, 26 July 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 November 2018

I request that the second paragraph in the "Production" section (starting with "In lemon juice production..." be removed, as it has no real meaning. 2620:117:503F:97:0:0:0:D016 (talk) 14:30, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

 Done Removed that whole paragraph which had low relevance. --Zefr (talk) 14:43, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

Lemons are a very environmentally friendly crop

Lemons fruit all throughout the year. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.170.204.228 (talk) 23:48, 13 December 2018 (UTC)

The fruit of the poor lemon

The article could mention a song about lemons that goes "The fruit of the poor lemon, is impossible to eat". I disagree - I have eaten lemons. Vorbee (talk) 08:00, 14 September 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 October 2019

Under the "varieties" section a paragraph describing the "Bonnie Brae" variety is listed first. This is a mistake. There are no known producing trees currently. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnie_Brae_Lemon Big lurk (talk) 16:52, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

 Not done: "Bonnie Brae" is in quotes, so the text is not implying they're true Bonnie Braes. Sceptre (talk) 18:13, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

Typo in "Alternatives" section

The word "lemon" is twice spelled "lemmon", but I can't correct it since this page is locked. (why?)

 Fixed - --Zefr (talk) 20:49, 19 February 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 14 May 2020

71.34.97.190 (talk) 20:48, 14 May 2020 (UTC)

Thair are several grammar issues, to be frank,

but thank you for the page on lemons

 Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. RandomCanadian (talk | contribs) 20:50, 14 May 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 July 2020

In the OTHER USES section, add a sub-header titled "Henna Tattoos" with the following content: Mehendi body art, or henna tattoos, are cultural staples of many variations of Indian wedding ceremonies. Applying an even mix of lemon juice and sugar to moisten the henna tattoos helps the tattoo last longer and stain darker. REFERENCE: https://saniderm.com/knowledge-base/make-henna-tattoo-last-longer-saniderm and common knowledge among the Hindu culture Ainesh93 (talk) 03:53, 20 July 2020 (UTC)

@Ainesh93:  Not done. The link provided does not seem to be a reliable source, and a Google search didn't return any good sources either. ◢  Ganbaruby!  (Say hi!) 08:15, 21 July 2020 (UTC)

Description for the plant

I suggest someone uploads the description of the plant 197.239.4.121 (talk) 16:16, 16 February 2022 (UTC)

I don't know why this article is locked. It should be explained on this talkpage but there is no mention of the lock anywhere. Isn't this supposedly a free encyclopedia? Anyway, the article claims aroma 'therapy' of lemon is beneficial for relaxation. It then cites a scientific paper which suggests it might be beneficial for relaxation when combined with massage. Leaving out this fact and claiming that this snake oil is evidence based is disinformation and only beneficial to Quackery. There are no studies that shown it to be beneficial on its own, so please correct this. The cited source suggests that it might be beneficial when combined with massage. It does not say lemon aroma has magical properties. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:A420:45:2D66:2473:5A51:8F3D:E13C (talk) 13:10, 6 August 2022 (UTC)

It was locked due to persistent vandalism. However, you may make an edit request on this page using the template {{edit semi-protected}}. -- Malcolmxl5 (talk) 15:36, 7 August 2022 (UTC)

Lemon in moorish spain

I'm sorry, but lemons could not be cultivated in moorish Spain around 400 AD for the simple reason that the moors did not invade the Iberian Peninsula until 711. So either there were no lemons, or the lemons were cultivated perhaps by jews, or by romans/visigoths 2A01:CB18:8232:E200:908D:E8E2:6C45:DB3 (talk) 20:17, 3 December 2022 (UTC)

Please provide a WP:RS source for this history. Zefr (talk) 20:50, 3 December 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 December 2022

Change "Around 400 AD they were planted in orchards in Moorish Spain" to Around 400 AD they were planted in orchards in Spain."

Whomever added that in not only forgot to add the period, but misrepresented the source, namely the Moors didn't invade Spain until 711 AD, 300 years after the source states lemons first appeared in Spain. 73.142.216.166 (talk) 01:25, 12 December 2022 (UTC)

 Done It is the source which is in error, not the editor. Page 377 of McGee: "Lemons arrived in the Mediterranean around 100 CE, were planted in orchards in Moorish Spain by 400, and are now mostly cultivated in sub-tropical regions". I've removed it for now, pending a more complete review of the literature on lemon cultivation history. Thanks for raising this concern. Ovinus (talk) 08:48, 12 December 2022 (UTC)

Featured picture scheduled for POTD

Hello! This is to let editors know that File:Lemon - whole and split.jpg, a featured picture used in this article, has been selected as the English Wikipedia's picture of the day (POTD) for August 24, 2023. A preview of the POTD is displayed below and can be edited at Template:POTD/2023-08-24. For the greater benefit of readers, any potential improvements or maintenance that could benefit the quality of this article should be done before its scheduled appearance on the Main Page. If you have any concerns, please place a message at Wikipedia talk:Picture of the day. Thank you!  — Amakuru (talk) 20:48, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

The lemon (Citrus × limon) is a species of small evergreen tree in the flowering plant family Rutaceae, native to Asia, primarily northeastern India (Assam), northern Myanmar, and China. The tree's ellipsoidal yellow fruit is used for culinary and non-culinary purposes throughout the world, primarily for its juice, which has both culinary and cleaning uses. The pulp and rind are also used in cooking and baking. The distinctive sour taste of lemon juice, derived from citric acid, makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods. This photograph shows a whole and halved lemon against a black background.

Photograph credit: Ivar Leidus

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