Talk:Broadband/Archive 1

Possible dup

Should this page be merged with Broadband Networks? The Broadband Networks article seems to be somewhat more broad, but although it's well-written I don't really know where it belongs. Can anyone help with this? Deco 02:20, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Well-written in the sense of a coherent article, perhaps. But that one seems just an advertisement for Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network, and should be removed due to its point of view. Besides, there is Broadband network and that would be our normal convention, singular lower case.

Broadband, the Band

Broadband is the name of a post-punk band out of NYC. http://www.broadbandtheband.com/ We would need to create a new page for the band and provide a link to it from this page.

That depends; is the band notable? Veinor ^{(talk to me)} 04:26, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Broadband Doubts - Clear With Ramamurthy DWL, Amijikarai

Dial up modem isnt broadband... who say than is broadband? The fact is than dial up is until 56 K and you cant talk while use internet. Cant transport 2 signals at same time.

Ever heard of Voip ? a functionality that allows you to make voice call over the Internet. This will then means, 2 mediums on 1 network in this case dail-up.... (Nabster , Florida University of Technology) —Preceding unsigned comment added by [[User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]] ([[User talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/{{{1}}}|contribs]])

But you aren't really sending two signals (analog voice and digital Internet) on one line. It's like having two separate drinks vs mixing them into a single glass. 205.206.207.250 04:30, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

Dial-up using a 56k modem is known as narrowband... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.46.6.13 (talk) 00:22, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

Definitions of "broadband" and "baseband"

I'm a comms engineer, and I've never seen "broadband" and "baseband" defined as in the Introduction section.

As far as I've seen, "broadband" refers only to the transmitted bandwidth, and doesn't in itself imply frequency-division multiplexing or duplexing (although of course these become easier the broader the bandwidth is).

I've never seen "baseband" defined as an antonym to "broadband"; instead, it's usually used to refer to signals centred around (or very near to) 0 Hz; all the definitions in the baseband article agree with this. "Baseband" doesn't imply anything about the bandwidth of a signal. "Baseband" is technically the opposite of "passband" (i.e. a signal that has been modulated onto a carrier significantly higher than the original bandwidth), and says nothing about whether multiplexing/duplexing has been used. For instance, the baseband signal for an OFDM system is multiplexed. As another example, ethernet is baseband, but clearly multiplexes users using CSMA/CD.

Could someone provide an authoritative technical reference that defines these terms the way they are defined in the article? Otherwise, some editing may have to be done... Oli Filth 11:50, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

As well as I know it, broadband is used for the case where the bandwidth of a modulated signal is a significant fraction of the carrier frequency. Large enough that you need to use extra care to keep the response flat across the band. AM radio and FM radio have bandwidths about 1% of the carrier frequency. At low analog TV frequencies, and at TV IF frequencies, it is closer to 10%, and requires careful design to keep the response flat. CATV coax is then broadband, as it carries such signals, and the amplifiers have to be flat across the full bandwidth. When data signals were added to CATV coax, they inherited the broadband name. Gah4 (talk) 20:25, 17 September 2017 (UTC)

Permission to Include External Link

Hi, I'd like to include the link below to the Broadband Knowledge Center at Computerworld.com - -

• Broadband Knowledge Center Computerworld Magazine - The Broadband research center includes the latest news, features, analyses, forums, best practices, research links and more. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Bansipatel (talk • contribs) 15:58, 19 February 2007 (UTC).

Physics Contexts

This article should mention somewhere the widespread use of the term "broadband" in Physics contexts, such as phenomena or sensors that detect a large swath of the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as bands of electron energy levels. Chrisbaird.ma

Clarification

All right, baseband is not the opposite of broadband any more than monorail is the opposite of railroad; the term opposite is not apt, and should be reworded to reflect two modes of networking that involve a single channel and multiple channels. But, although I am very old and frail, and have not read tech reference tomes for some years, I am sure that broadband back then did not imply anything directly concerning bandwidth except to the extent that whatever bandwidth the medium provided was divided among multiple channels. Many of the definitions and examples in the standing definition of broadband are confusing, nonsensical or incomprehensible; e.g., the business about a narrow bandwidth radio signal carrying Morse code and a higher bandwidth needed for voice or video. This sort of fuzzy thinking feeds the tragic misuse of broadband to mean "high-speed." The important distinction in the new definition is that broadband channels' signals are discrete and independent; this is not the case with Ethernet, which uses a single set of transmission protocols to support multiple nodes on a monolithic bus or star network; this is not multiplexing in the traditional sense of the term. If you can run a CATV signal on the same wire, then you're talking broadband; but you'll need a cable modem or router to split out the Ethernet packets for Ethernet nodes.

The article certainly leaves a lot to be desired (see my comments higher up this page); however, IMO your edits today made things worse. I will repeat the salient points I made further up, and add some more:

• In traditional technical usage, "broadband" traditionally refers to a broad bandwidth, and is essentially a synonym for "wideband". "Broadband antenna", "broadband noise" and "broadband equalization" are three example usages.

• Whilst broadband/wideband doesn't always lead to high-speed transmission, in simplistic terms, data capacity is proportional to bandwidth. Therefore, although "broadband" isn't a synonym for "high-speed", the two often go hand-in-hand.

• "Baseband" has a relatively precise technical meaning; it refers to signalling methods centred at or close to 0 Hz (DC), such as Ethernet, as opposed to a modulation scheme that utilises a carrier significantly higher in frequency than the signal bandwidth, a "passband" system. "Baseband" may also refer to the signal processing that occurs in transmitters/receivers, where the high-frequency signal is represented as a signal that centred at or close to 0 Hz, before being modulated onto the carrier.

• The term "baseband" doesn't necessarily imply anything about the number of (frequency) channels being used. Baseband OFDM systems exist; ADSL is a good example of this. OFDM works by splitting the data into mutiple parallel frequency channels.

• Equally, "broadband" (by its traditional usage) implies nothing about the number of frequency channels or users; simply the bandwidth available.

• Ethernet can quite easily be considered as a form of multiplexing (statistical multiplexing, to be more precise). Any standard definition of multiplexing is along the lines of "combining data from multiple users/sources via a shared medium".

• By saying "discrete and independent", I guess the distinction you're aiming for is "frequency multiplexed", as in any multiplexing scheme, the sources will be discrete and independent.

However, after saying all this, I do concede that technical terms do sometimes get adopted for other uses, and that many people may understand "broadband" to mean "multiple signals at different frequencies that can be separated out".

Oli Filth 21:53, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Disagree with Oli Filth

I fundamentally disagree. I came to this page to try and settle an argument about whether people are misusing the term broadband. I expected WP to be an authoritative source on such a technical topic, but I just ended up depressed about the future of the project.

Recently the term is often mis-used to refer to the bandwidth, but it's correct meaning is connected with multiplexed signals (traditionally in the frequency domain). The antonym is baseband where only one signal is transmitted in the medium.

I think it came to be mis-used because DSL and cable Internet are transmitted using frequency-division (i.e. "broadband" in the correct sense of the word), and people heard the term and assumed it meant "high speed". The word you're looking for is perhaps wideband.

Baseband OFDM systems surely don't exist, by definition. And ADSL is precicely not an example of baseband. The voice component on a phone pair is baseband and the DSL overlay frequency bins are broadband.

Right now, this article reads like two groups of people chipped in with text, some describing broadband and some wideband. It's one of the ugliest and technically-misleading articles I've read in a long time.

Of course, Oli graduated recently and my Cybernetics degree is over 20 years old (eeek). So my memory of this stuff is a bit rusty.

I went looking for cites and found these:

• Wikibooks
• nanog list
• Webopedia
• Wikianswers
• Beechmont Crest
• Richland Community College

Not a selective list, either: basically the first few useful Google hits for the search term broadband baseband ... richi 00:21, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

Hi! Here are my thoughts (sorry for the length of this reply!):

• As I've said previously, in comms engineering (certainly in the subset that I inhabit!), "broadband" is used in contexts that have nothing to do with multiplexed signals); the examples I gave were such as "broadband equalisation" and "broadband antenna".

• Whether we regard "broadband" to be a synonym for "wideband" or "FDM", the traditional use of "baseband" is certainly not its antonym! Traditionally, "baseband" has a relatively precise technical definition; none of these definitions says anything about the number of channels (in this regard, I consider the Baseband article fairly accurate, except for the recently-added section at the end!). "Baseband communication" is, as far as I'm concerned, the antonym of "passband communication" (i.e. where the signal has been mixed up significantly, such as a radio transmission).

• Although I can't prove it (without doing an exhaustive search of all available literature!), I would guess that the "misuse" of the terms actually occurred the other way around. Hypothesising, broadband systems (in the traditional sense) are capable of carrying multiple FDM channels, therefore "broadband" has come to mean "FDM". Equally, baseband systems (such as Ethernet) are generally not FDM, hence "baseband" has come to mean "not FDM", and therefore (very loosely) an antonym. In my opinion, this would be like saying that "car" is the antonym of "duck", because cars can't fly.

• As a comms engineer, I would consider ADSL a baseband transmission scheme. Whilst it's true that it doesn't extend all the way down to DC, this is more a case of the low-frequency sub-channels being switched off (i.e. there is nothing to stop generation of sub-channels all the way down to DC). The general rule of thumb is "does the signal require mixing up to its centre frequency"; for ADSL the answer is no.

• I'm afraid that I have to say that some of those references are pretty incoherent! e.g.:
  • "A baseband transmission is carried over a single wire using digital signaling... Broadband transmissions are analog transmissions."[1] All transmissions are analogue in that they use an analogue medium; it's the nature of the data being transmitted that determines whether it's a digital or analogue system.
  • "Broadband - A type of data transmission in which a single medium (wire) can carry several channels at once."[2] This definition would encompass all of TDM, FDM and CDM (and any other multiplexing scheme one could think of).
  • "Baseband - Bi-directional transmission ... Broadband - Unidirectional transmission"[3] - What does directionality (or duplexing) have to do with anything?
  • "Baseband - Signal travels over short distances ... Broadband - Signal can travel over long distances before being attenuated"[4] - What does propagation distance have to do with anything?
  • "the cable modem is using a broadband service, because it is connecting to a signal that is riding on the cable, rather than to the cable itself."[5] What is that supposed to mean?

Whilst I'm willing to concede that other uses for these terms have sprung up, and that we should probably give credence to these alternative definitions in the article, I think it's essential that we only include them once we've found a relatively coherent definition, and that we illustrate them in the proper context (i.e. that they are an offshoot of the traditional engineering "definitions", as fuzzy as those are), and only with proper references. In a nutshell, we have to distinguish between things that are merely characteristics of typical broadband systems, and things that are considered fundamental to the definition of the term. Oli Filth 12:10, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

I've dug a little deeper; a brief Google Scholar search turned up papers and patents from the 1940s that use the term "broadband", essentially in the sense that I contend it's used for [6]. Oli Filth 12:47, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

Also, the textbook "bible" for comms engineers, "Digital Communications" by J.G. Proakis, also uses "broadband" in this sense; this book has been around for some 25 years or so. Oli Filth 15:26, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

"Cable Broadband" vs ADSL

I removed the line from the introduction about Cable Broadband in relation to ADSL. It doesn't seem relevant to this section - maybe more suited to the article on broadband internet types. (I meant to add this comment to the edit summary, but accidentally hit Enter a bit too soon...) 4.249.45.242 15:35, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

See Also: Flat Rate

I deleted the See Also link to Flat Rate (which redirected to Flat Fee) as I cannot see any relevance to the article. There is a mention in Flat Fee about broadband internet pricing schemes, but the Broadband article is not specifically about internet access, and there is no other mention of pricing before the Flat Rate link. 4.249.45.242 15:46, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Typo

Do you mean "... although much more than that can be achieved ... " in the first paragraph.

That's about what it means, but it's correct as stated. Dicklyon 06:13, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

HISTORY

THERES ABSOLUTELY NO HISTORY OF DSL IN THIS ARTICLE. NOT A SINGLE DATE —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.188.17.249 (talk) 22:20, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

• That would be because this article isn't about DSL ... richi (talk) 16:53, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Yes, but dates for the other items mentioned would be good for context. I tried doing this a bit. W Nowicki (talk) 23:41, 13 July 2011 (UTC)

broadband

Broadband in telecommunications refers to a signaling method that includes or handles a relatively wide range (or band) of frequencies, which may be divided into channels or frequency bins. Broadband is always a relative term, understood according to its context. The wider (or broader) the bandwidth of a channel, the greater the information-carrying capacity. In radio, for example, a very narrow-band signal will carry Morse code; a broader band will carry speech; a still broader band is required to carry music without losing the high audio frequencies required for realistic sound reproduction. A television antenna described as "broadband" may be capable of receiving a wide range of channels; while a single-frequency or Lo-VHF antenna is "narrowband" since it only receives 1 to 5 channels. In data communications a digital modem will transmit a datarate of 56 kilobits per seconds (kbit/s) over a 4 kilohertz wide telephone line (narrowband). However when that same line is converted to a standard twisted-pair wire (no telephone filters), it becomes hundreds of kilohertz wide (broadband) and can carry several megabits per second (ADSL).

http://en.wikipedia.org/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.164.108.61 (talk) 04:57, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

Of Course it's been Formally Defined.

"Never!?" The lead section claims: "The term has never been formally defined, even though it is used widely and has been the subject of many policy debates, and the FCC "National Broadband Plan"."
  — However, Broadband Internet access says: " The International Telecommunication Union Standardization Sector (ITU-T) recommendation I.113 has defined broadband as a transmission capacity that is faster than primary rate ISDN, at 1.5 to 2 Mbit/s. The FCC definition of broadband is 4.0 Mbit/s [Aug 2010]. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has defined broadband as 256 kbit/s in at least one direction and this bit rate is the most common baseline that is marketed as "broadband" around the world. There is no specific bitrate defined by the industry, however, ..."

"Never!?" An even older FCC statement says:

" In the Section 706 Report, the Commission defines “broadband” as:

"the capability of supporting, in both the provider-to-consumer (downstream) and the consumer-to-provider (upstream) directions, a speed (in technical terms, "bandwidth") in excess of 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in the last mile. This rate is approximately four times faster than the Internet access received through a standard phone line at 56 kbps.

"The Commission chose 200 kbps because “it is enough to provide the most popular forms of broadband -- to change web pages as fast as one can flip through the pages of a book and to transmit full-motion video.” "

The FCC's August 2010 SEVENTH BROADBAND DEPLOYMENT NOTICE OF INQUIRY, FCC-10-148A1.pdf (link above) pretty much calls the above definition obsolete, if not laughable.

The article should be corrected.

It's understandable why no corporation's marketing dept. ever allowed a definition. But haven't we been taking their definitions and explanations for granted for too long? Isn't that how dial-up got artificially capped at 56K and killed almost all the local Mom & Pop ISPs? ...by claiming higher speeds on Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)would ruin the phone company equipment/service? Oops. Loosely speaking, that's called DSL.

When writing for Wikipedia, authors should consider that there is a natural information monopoly regarding telecommunications and so most of the best informed experts have current or one-time financial and emotional vested interests with the related natural human bias. If so, it would not be easy to find objective, fair information.
--69.239.205.135 (talk) 19:39, 18 May 2011 (UTC)Doug Bashford

Right, on the contrary, there are multiple definitions. There are even multiple technical definitions as somewhat touched upon in the article. The one I know is the IEEE, which used the term to mean a carrier frequency much higher than the bit rate. Then there are marketing "definitions" thare even fuzzier. By today, any Internet connection is broadband, just like detergent boxes start at "large size" or "family size". We do need to give citations for these and either quote or paraphrase them. I do not follow the last two comments, however. The ~60 Kbps limit of voice lines was because that was what was needed roughly for human voice. No conspiracy there. That was why DSL required filters and splitters, etc. And the last paragraph might be sarcasm. It is hard to be objective but we should try. W Nowicki (talk) 20:33, 12 July 2011 (UTC)

Its origin is in radio systems engineering, but became popularized after MediaOne adopted it as part of a marketing campaign in 1996 to sell their high speed data access. The slogan was "This is Broadband. This is the Way".

This should be mentioned in the body with a citation. As I recall the abuse of the term came from the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network marketing that came out in the late 1980s for Asynchronous Transfer Mode. W Nowicki (talk) 22:47, 12 July 2011 (UTC)

OK I am working on it but it is taking many iterations. The statement that broader bands mean higher bit rates is not accurate either: a narrow channel with no noise can carry many bits per hertz and might have more capacity than a broad band with so much noise that it gets many fewer bits per hertz. W Nowicki (talk) 22:32, 13 July 2011 (UTC)

I can't see -any- reason why the FCC definition shouldn't be considered the official definition of broadband. They are a US government agency created by Congressional statute and given express oversight of broadband. Their authority on the issue should be considered second only to Congress itself as it is the body that legislates for all internet organisations and infrastructure given that they are housed in the U.S. In the absence of a Congressional law that defines broadband, no other organisation has a superior claim to the right to define broadband than does the FCC. 101.98.150.215 (talk) 04:06, 5 June 2013 (UTC)

You are welcome to your opinion, but one good argument is that Wikipedia is used by readers throughout the world, not just the United States. And some of us think that politicians, despite the power they think they have, should not be able to control scientific terms by mere assertion. As described in the article (probably needs to be clearer still), this article is supposed to describe the scientific term, not the marketing or political term of the same name, which can have different meanings. I would say that The US FCC does have the power to define it for US regulatory purposes. W Nowicki (talk) 16:32, 5 June 2013 (UTC)

I would argue that the US government has every right to define a scientific term for which its scientists are ultimately responsible, and that legislative usage of a term quickly becomes synonymous with all other usages in the absence of another suitably authoritative definition, which is the case here. Many video game manufacturers throughout the US are already using the FCC's definition when listing a broadband connection as minimum system requirements for their games, and its usage is spreading rapidly elsewhere in the world. But I think the issue here is that this article is occupying a space that readers expect to be occupied by something less technical. Thus I would agree that the article needs to more clearly express its differentiation from the 'common usage' of the term broadband (over and above the vague disclaimer at the top of the article, given that this is the article people expect to read when looking up the common usage) and suggest that the 'Internet access' section be updated to include the FCC definition which is far more significant than that of the National Broadband Plan. I would expect that this is the article most people come to when they want to read about 'broadband internet,' and the article ought to do something to address that even though it is about 'broadband technology.' 101.98.150.215 (talk) 14:33, 6 June 2013 (UTC)

External links

• Broadband gap
• European broadband portal
• DSL / Broadband resources

First twol refer to Internet connections, not "Broadband" in the technical sense. The last is someone's blog. W Nowicki (talk) 17:38, 14 July 2011 (UTC)

How much is the broadband in US?

As long as I know the broadband is as low as 5 dollars per month in China, so I wonder How much is that in US? And If other people are interested, you can also list the broadband price in your country, LET US COMPARE!118.123.200.135 (talk) 07:26, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

Not here, please. This article is about a technical concept, so should be free to anyone to think about. Probably you mean Internet access, which for some reason has acquired this as its "pop" name. This is supposed to be an encyclopedia, so content needs to be of lasting value and verifiable with citations. There are some scientific studies available which do need to be summarized. This is not a commercial directory. W Nowicki (talk) 19:06, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

"Fast" "speed"

Virgin Media successfully trailed broadband connections at a speed of over 1.5Gbps.

Several problems with above. Assume "trailed" meant something like "announced a trial". Obviously it misuses the technical term discussed in the article. If you look at what Virgin Media actually announced, it was "up to" 1.5 Gbit/s, not "above" and "cable broadband". It was done in an area of downtown London where technology companies are cited as customers, not residences. See for example 100 Gigabit Ethernet about how these rates are still low relative to fiber optics and datacenter technologies. But this is a good example of popular (mis)use in marketing, so perhaps worth a mention with more accurate details. W Nowicki (talk) 18:41, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

Internet access section

I have added a link to Broadband Internet access in the Internet access section as well as copy and pasted the section content to the article. Lmatt (talk) 14:13, 6 December 2011 (UTC)

internet is simple and speed

Linapreciousnjoki (talk) 13:20, 29 February 2016 (UTC)

"Broadband" is trully a misused (or overused?) word

Just like "CellPhone" (phones that connect to radio cellular networks) term misuses, wrongly-called as "Mobile Phone" in UK/GB (a too generic phone classification word, since "mobile" here simply means "portable" which encompasses many portable phones, including Satellite-Phones) and "HandPhone/HP" in Indonesia (and possibly also used in other 3rd-class/lowly-educated developing countries, infected by the wrong marketing gimmick w/o a clue) - this "Broadband" term also misusaged here in Indonesia. For example, my Wireless ISP (WISP) uses cellular network for internet service and marketed as "broadband", while the lowest cost of unlimited internet service gives 153 Kbps for download b/w and ONLY 3-4 Kbps for upload b/w (cut suddenly and permanently from previously 10-11 Kbps U/L for unknown reason, regardless of their Customer Service ever said to me that it's untrue, this was the SpeedTest.net result taken for more than 3 times at random days and times, and never peaked over 3-4 Kbps whatsoever for upload speed - what an amazing way to save b/w for maintaining DL b/w quality by simply cutting 'too big' UL b/w instead of enlarging backbone channel capacity!). It's way too limited (esp. for upload b/w, which often causing hangs/timeouts in multiple-page browsing or multiple-access/downloads to internet, online-gaming often get disconnected by gameserver because of this UpLoad b/w capping have caused client-timeout issue - it only suitable for single access only, just like the way most gadgets connect to internet and be used 'normally' on gadgets) and slow by today "broadband" standard as also defined in this article here (256 Kbps minimum, for D/L speed only?). I disregarded other ISP ads gimmicks that only exist when you are not overquota (non-true unlimited service, speed-throttled down when overquota on volume, and the volume quota is very small).

This example shows us that even many ISPs don't really understand what "BroadBand" meaning actually is. And most of them simply marked their internet service as "BroadBand" as long as it's transmitted over non-PSTN-baseband media (e.g: cellular-3G, DSL, cable-DOCSIS, etc), regardless of the minimum speed or b/w allowed as specified here. If you have ever lived in Indonesia and actually experienced in using some of its so-called 'broadband' ISPs then you might think the same like me (it's not about the minimal 256 Kbps speed class, but about the use of non-PSTN transmission media for transmitting data). And for my ISP quality, it's quite speedy as long as you don't use it for multiple access at once to internet, or IOW: for single access at a time only, and avoid online-games using UL speed over 3 Kbps (since it's practically can be disconnected by gameserver at random time, depends on the current busy UL traffic situation that can cause a timeout event to server that failed to read client response at expected time - a slowed-to-no_response UI response/feedback is perfect indicator of this UL b/w-capped situation, often cause errors to server-client communications and UI feedbacks).

Nope, it's not about the similarity to "WideBand" technical term either, most ISPs here won't think so scientifically/technically that far - just look at the use of wrong "HandPhone/HP" marketing word (but popular to low-class/educated consumers attracted to gadgets) over the technically-correct original "CellPhone" term, for all of their promo ads, you'll see how very simplistic their minds are, mostly used for business purpose only, and less for scientifical/technical purpose (but UK/GB is more shameful for using such too generic "MobilePhone" word considering it's a more well-educated country than Indonesia in general - apparently, more higher-educated people doesn't always translate to the use of more specific-technical/scientifical words by their people, which is a shame!). "BroadBand" term is purely a mere ISP marketing gimmick today, unrelated to anything technicals - just like the "CellPhone" wrong-call issue, by which the 'wrong' terms are a mere marketing term for public non-technical use. --> [WCh1974 @ 2013-07-04 Thu].

Reference question

Can this be used as a reference?--Wyn.junior (talk) 01:55, 29 March 2014 (UTC)

Possible copied paragraph

This paragraph from the Overview section:

"The term became popularized through the 1990s as a marketing term for Internet access that was faster than dialup access, the original Internet access technology, which was limited to 56 kbit/s. This meaning is only distantly related to its original technical meaning."

seems either to be ripped from here or to have been ripped from it. Empireempire (talk) 17:39, 27 July 2016 (UTC)

Since the Communicator article you quoted from is dated June 2016 and the very same text (some more than you quoted) has existed for years in WP, it's pretty obvious it's been copied from here to there. --Zac67 (talk) 19:28, 27 July 2016 (UTC)

References

Global split of internet bandwidth/capacity

Wouldn’t this be more meaningful if discussing the so-called ‘digital divide’ if the figures per capita were given? China has a huge population, so what. CecilWard (talk) 09:51, 29 April 2018 (UTC)