Marchantiana

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Marchantiana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Marchantiana
S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A.Thell & Hur (2014)
Type species
Marchantiana occidentalis
(Elix, S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, A.Thell, Elix, J.Kim, A.S.Kondr. & Hur (2014)
Species

M. asserigena
M. epibrya
M. occidentalis
M. pyramus
M. queenslandica
M. ramulicola
M. subpyracea

Marchantiana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae.[1][2] It contains seven species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

Taxonomy[edit]

Lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Alan Elix, Arne Thell, and Jae-Seoun Hur circumscribed the genus Marchantiana in 2014, as part of a taxonomic revision of the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. They designated Marchantiana occidentalis as its type species. Initially, the genus comprised six species, all native to the Southern Hemisphere, with all but one species from Australia. The genus was named in honour of the Australian botanist Neville Graeme Marchant, to acknowledge his extensive contributions to the flora of Western Australia.[3]

In their 2014 study, Kondratyuk and his team utilized mitochondrial DNA for molecular analysis. Their findings suggested that while M. occidentalis holds a distinct position relative to other Marchantiana species, all species together form a well-supported monophyletic branch. Further, they suggested that Marchantiana occupied an "isolated position" in the subfamily Caloplacoideae.[3] Further analysis in 2015 by Kondratyuk's team proposed Marchantiana to be phylogenetically nested within the subfamily Brownlielloideae,[4] and later in 2017, within the Teloschistoideae.[5] However, a more recent 2021 molecular analysis focusing on specific, verified genetic loci placed Marchantiana in the subfamily Caloplacoideae.[6]

In 2023, an advanced molecular analysis using three genes revealed a close relation between Marchantiana and Yoshimuria. Sochting and colleagues noted that, while Marchantiana may seem paraphyletic, its monophyletic origin is still plausible. They concluded that classifying Marchantiana as a monophyletic group was warranted, given the taxon's unique ecology and distribution. They subsequently added two newly described twig-growing lichen species from southern Patagonia, as well as three species transferred from other genera as new combinations.[7]

Description[edit]

Marchantiana has a crust-like thallus that can range in appearance from a continuous to a patchy texture. Its colour varies, encompassing pale grey, dark brownish-grey, dark greenish-grey, and even vibrant hues of yellow or orange. The cortical layer is often thin and arranged in a specific cellular pattern known as paraplectenchymatous. The apothecia can fall into three types: biatorine, zeorine, or lecanorine. The true exciple of these structures are made of pseudoprosoplectenchymatous tissue. Each reproductive sac, or ascus, contains eight spores that can are divided into 2, 3, or 4 compartments (locules) by partitions called septa. Its conidia are rod-shaped or slightly elongated rod-shaped. Standard chemical spot tests indicate the thallus either remains unchanged (K−) or turns purple (K+) when exposed to a solution of potassium hydroxide, while the apothecia consistently turn purple. The secondary chemical composition of Marchantiana includes anthraquinones associated with parietin, fragilin, or neochloroemodin groups. Other compounds like dibenzofurans, related to the ascomatic acid chemosyndrome, and lichexanthone are sometimes present. These secondary substances are predominantly found in the reproductive structures of the lichen.[3]

Species[edit]

Former species[edit]

Marchantiana maulensis S.Y.Kondr. et J.-S. Hur (2014) was later transferred to the genus Villophora as Villophora maulensis.[9] Several other former Marchantiana species have been transferred to genus Streimanniella:

  • Marchantiana burneyensis (S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A.Thell, Jung Kim, A.S.Kondr. & Hur (2014) is now Streimanniella burneyensis[10]
  • Marchantiana kalbiorum (S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A.Thell, Jung Kim, A.S.Kondr. & Hur (2014) is now Streimanniella kalbiorum[11]
  • Marchantiana michelagoensis (Elix, S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A.Thell, Jung Kim, A.S.Kondr. & Hur (2014) is now Streimanniella michelagoensis[12]
  • Marchantiana seppeltii (S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A.Thell, Jung Kim, A.S.Kondr. & Hur (2014) is now Streimanniella seppeltii.[13]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Marchantiana". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  2. ^ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [157]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378.
  3. ^ a b c Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Jeong, M.-H.; Yu, N.-N.; Kärnefelt, I.; Thell, A.; Elix, J.A.; Kim, J.; Kondratiuk, A.S.; Hur, J.-S. (2014). "A revised taxonomy for the subfamily Caloplacoideae (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular phylogeny". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 56 (1–2): 93–123. doi:10.1556/abot.56.2014.1-2.10.
  4. ^ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Kärnefelt, I.; Thell, A.; Elix, J.A.; Kim, J.; Kondratiuk, A.S.; Hur, J.-S. (2015). "Brownlielloideae, a new subfamily in the Teloschistaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 57 (3–4): 321–343. doi:10.1556/034.57.2015.3-4.6.
  5. ^ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Upreti, D.K.; Nayaka, S.; Mishra, G.K.; Ravera, S.; Jeong, M.-H.; Jang, S.-H.; Park, J.S.; Hur, J.S. (2017). "New monophyletic branches of the Teloschistaceae (lichen-forming Ascomycota) proved by three gene phylogeny". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 59 (1–2): 71–136. doi:10.1556/034.59.2017.1-2.6. hdl:10447/414429.
  6. ^ Wilk, Karina; Pabijan, Maciej; Saługa, Marta; Gaya, Ester; Lücking, Robert (2021). "Phylogenetic revision of South American Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycota, Teloschistales) reveals three new genera and species". Mycologia. 113 (2): 278–299. doi:10.1080/00275514.2020.1830672. PMID 33428561. S2CID 231586897.
  7. ^ a b c d e Søchting, Ulrik; Sancho, Leo G.; Arup, Ulf (2023). "Marchantiana pyramus, M. ramulicola and Austroplaca thisbe (Teloschistaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) – three new twig lichens from southern Patagonia". The Lichenologist. 55 (5): 377–387. doi:10.1017/s0024282923000361.
  8. ^ Søchting, U.; Arup, U. (2018). "Marchantiana asserigena comb. nov., a possible European immigrant from Australia" (PDF). Graphis Scripta. 30 (6): 115–120.
  9. ^ "Record Details: Marchantiana maulensis S.Y. Kondr. & Hur, in Kondratyuk, Jeong, Yu, Kärnefelt, Thell, Elix, Kim, Kondratiuk & Hur, Acta bot. hung. 56(1-2): 108 (2014)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  10. ^ "Record Details: Marchantiana burneyensis (S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell, Jung Kim, A.S. Kondr. & Hur, in Kondratyuk, Jeong, Yu, Kärnefelt, Thell, Elix, Kim, Kondratiuk & Hur, Acta bot. hung. 56(1-2): 111 (2014)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  11. ^ "Record Details: Marchantiana kalbiorum (S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell, Jung Kim, A.S. Kondr. & Hur, in Kondratyuk, Jeong, Yu, Kärnefelt, Thell, Elix, Kim, Kondratiuk & Hur, Acta bot. hung. 56(1-2): 111 (2014)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  12. ^ "Record Details: Marchantiana michelagoensis (Elix, S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell, Jung Kim, A.S. Kondr. & Hur, in Kondratyuk, Jeong, Yu, Kärnefelt, Thell, Elix, Kim, Kondratiuk & Hur, Acta bot. hung. 56(1-2): 112 (2014)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  13. ^ "Record Details: Marchantiana seppeltii (S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell, Jung Kim, A.S. Kondr. & Hur, in Kondratyuk, Jeong, Yu, Kärnefelt, Thell, Elix, Kim, Kondratiuk & Hur, Acta bot. hung. 56(1-2): 112 (2014)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
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