List of Jewish Temples
The following is a list of temples associated with the Jewish religion throughout its history and development, including Yahwism. While in the modern day, Rabbinic Jews will refer to "The Temple", and state that temples other than the Jerusalem temple, especially outside Israel,[1] are invalid, during the era in which Judaism had temples, multiple existed concurrently.[2]
| Temples | Location | Establishment | Destruction/Decommission |
|---|---|---|---|
| The First Temple | Jerusalem, Palestine | 10th-8th century BCE | 587 BCE |
| Tel Motza Temple | Tel Motza, near Jerusalem | 10th-9th century BCE.[3] | unclear, possibly existed into the 6th century BCE.[3] |
| Tel Arad | Tel Arad, Judah, Palestine | 10th-7th century BCE.[4] | Probably destroyed during Hezekiah's reforms.[5] |
| Tel Dan | Tel Dan | Sometime after 930 BCE.[6] | Unclear. |
| Elephantine Temple | Elephantine Island, Egypt | unclear, already extant by 525 BCE.[7][1] | unclear, letter requesting to rebuild after destruction in 410 BCE[8] sent in 407 BCE.[9] Permission was granted.[8] |
| The Second Temple | Jerusalem, Palestine | Unclear. Dates given include 516 BCE and 350 BCE.[10] | 70 CE by the Romans.[10] |
| Samaritan Temple | Mount Gerzim | 450 BCE.[11] | 110 BCE by the Maccabees.[11] |
| The Oniad Temple | Leontopolis | Unclear, possibly as early as 168-167 BCE.[12] | 73-74 CE, by the Romans. |
Also notable[edit]
- Tel Be'er Sheva had a horned altar, indicating it once likely had a temple.[13]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Ancient Jewish Community Elephantine". 2008-12-04. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
- ^ Stavrakopoulou, Francesca; Barton, John (2010-04-15). Religious Diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-567-03216-4.
- ^ a b "Tel Moẓa Archaeological Excavation 2020". Moza. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
- ^ "Tel Arad Temple - Madain Project (en)". madainproject.com. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
- ^ Christopher Eames (June 3, 2020). "Ancient Israelite Cannabis Altar Points to King Ahaz's Worship". ArmstrongInstitute.org. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
- ^ "Sacred Precinct Complex (Tel Dan) - Madain Project (en)". madainproject.com. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
- ^ Mondriaan, M. E. "Anat-Yahu and the Jews at Elephantine" (PDF). Journal for Semitics.
- ^ a b Rosenberg, Stephen G. (March 2004). "The Jewish Temple at Elephantine". Near Eastern Archaeology. 67 (1): 4–13. doi:10.2307/4149987. ISSN 1094-2076. JSTOR 4149987. S2CID 162350945.
- ^ "Elephantine Papyri: Petition to Bagoas". Displaced Dynasties. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2024-02-14.[unreliable source?]
- ^ a b "Destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE". rpl.hds.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
- ^ a b Sauter, Megan (2023-09-17). "The Temple on Mount Gerizim—In the Bible and Archaeology". Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
- ^ Piotrkowski, Meron. Priests in Exile. p. 38.
- ^ Barasso, Michele (2022-02-14). "Tel Be'er Sheva, City of the Patriarchs". Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 2024-02-14.