Draft:Philippines-Kitaian War

Philippine-Kitaian War

Philippine-Kitaian War
Part of Century of humiliation
Date September 2 1875 - January 25th 1892 Location The Philippine Islands Result Philippine Victory Territorial changes No Territorial Changes
Belligerents
Kitai	Philippines
Commanders and leaders
Fujino Motoyasu Kurisu Reijiro Kanagi Yasuhiko	Clifford R. Dumalaha Rodolfo D. Dalrymple Malcolm V. Ali Neron Fred Labuguen
Strength
425,000–760,000 soldiers	300,000–340,000 soldiers
Casualties and losses
63,234 dead or missing 87,123 wounded 20,000 - 35,000 captured 𝟭𝟳𝟬,𝟬𝟬𝟬 𝘁𝗼𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀	35,231 dead or missing 56,342 wounded 10,000 - 25,000 captured 𝟭𝟬𝟭,𝟬𝟬𝟬 𝘁𝗼𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀

The Philippines-Kitaian War (1875-1892) (Filipino: digmaang Ketai ng Pilipinas, Japanese: フィリピンキタイ戦争, Romanized: Firipinkitai sensō), also known as the Kitaian Invasion on the Philippines or the Kitaian Campaign in the Philippines, was the invasion of the Philippines by the Kingdom of Kitai as an attempt to form the First Kitaian Empire during the Century of Humiliation in the 19th Century.

The Kingdom of Kitai, facing internal and external pressures, embarked on an expansionist agenda. Seeking territorial gains and regional dominance, Kitai set its sights on the Philippines, viewing the archipelago as a strategic gateway to exert influence in Southeast Asia. In the backdrop of the Century of Humiliation, marked by China's perceived subjugation to foreign powers, the Kingdom of Kitai faced internal unrest and external pressures. Eager to break free from the constraints of this era, Kitai's leadership devised an expansionist agenda, viewing territorial acquisitions as a means to assert dominance. The Philippines, strategically positioned in Southeast Asia, became a prime target for Kitai's ambitions. As tensions escalated, diplomatic overtures failed to avert conflict, and Kitai launched a well-coordinated invasion of the Philippine islands. The invasion was marked by a series of battles, each significant in shaping the course of the war.

Major Battles

• Battle of Manila Bay (1878): The conflict began with a naval engagement in Manila Bay, where Kitaian forces attempted to gain control of vital maritime routes. The Philippine Navy, though initially overwhelmed, mounted a resilient defense, leading to a protracted struggle for naval supremacy. Resulting in a Kitaian Victory.

• Siege of Intramuros (1883): Kitaian forces laid siege to the historic walled city of Intramuros in Manila. The Philippine defenders, facing scarcity of resources, displayed remarkable resilience in the face of sustained bombardment. The siege highlighted the determination of the local populace to resist foreign occupation. Resulting in a Filipino Victory.

• Battle of Cebu Strait (1884): A pivotal naval encounter occurred in the Cebu Strait, where both sides sought to secure maritime dominance. The outcome of this battle influenced the flow of reinforcements and supplies, shaping the overall strategic landscape of the war. Resulting in a Kitaian Victory.

• Philippine Guerrilla Campaign (1887-1889): Faced with the challenges of conventional warfare, Philippine forces adapted guerrilla tactics to harass and disrupt Kitaian occupiers. The guerrilla campaign played a crucial role in wearing down Kitaian forces over time. Resulting in a Kitaian Victory.

Causes

The root causes of the Philippines-Kitaian War can be traced to a confluence of factors, including territorial ambitions, resource competition, and the broader regional power dynamics. Kitai's imperial aspirations clashed with the Philippines' desire for sovereignty, setting the stage for a conflict that would reshape the geopolitical landscape of the region. The following lists shows other causes of the Philippines-Kitaian War

Imperial Ambitions

The Kitaian Kingdom, driven by a desire to emulate the imperial successes of other global powers, sought to establish its first overseas empire. The Philippines, with its strategic location and abundant resources, became a prime target for Kitai's expansionist ambitions.

Resource Competition

The Philippines' rich natural resources, including timber, minerals, and agricultural products, became a focal point in the conflict. Kitai's quest for economic supremacy and resource security clashed with the Philippines' commitment to safeguarding its own wealth and autonomy.

Territorial Disputes

Historical claims and territorial disputes between the Kitai and the Philippines added fuel to the conflict. Both nations had overlapping assertions over certain islands and maritime territories, intensifying tensions and providing a catalyst for military confrontation.

Century of Humiliation Dynamics

The broader regional context of the Century of Humiliation played a significant role in shaping the causes of the war. Kitai, motivated by a desire to break free from the perceived subjugation faced during this era, saw expansion as a means to assert itself on the international stage.

Nationalism and Sovereignty

The Philippines, emerging from a history of colonization, was determined to safeguard its newfound independence. Nationalistic sentiments ran high, and the threat of foreign invasion ignited a fervent commitment to preserving the nation's sovereignty and identity.

Global Power Vacuum

The 19th century witnessed a changing global power dynamic, with declining empires creating a power vacuum. Kitai, aiming to capitalize on this shift, saw an opportunity to assert itself as a major player in the evolving geopolitical landscape by expanding its territorial reach.

References

1. Johnson, M. (Ed.). (1967). The Philippines-Kitaian War: A Historical Analysis. Academic Press.

2. Smith, A. (1969). Imperial Ambitions: Kitai's Expansionist Policies in the 19th Century. Global Studies Quarterly, 42(3), 215-230.

3. Chen, L. (1979). Naval Warfare in the Philippines-Kitaian War. Naval History Journal, 25(2), 87-104.

4. Rodriguez, E. (1990). Resistance and Resilience: The Intramuros Siege in Perspective. Philippine Historical Review, 50(4), 321-340.Category:War Category:Battles Category:Country Category:History