Cynipini
| Cynipini | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cynips sp. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Cynipidae |
| Subfamily: | Cynipinae |
| Tribe: | Cynipini Leach, 1815 |
Cynipini is a tribe of gall wasps. These insects induce galls in plants of the beech and oak family, Fagaceae.[1] They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps.[2] It is the largest cynipid tribe, with about 936[3] to 1000[2] recognized species, most of which are associated with oaks.[2] The tribe is mainly native to the Holarctic.[3]
Cynipini wasps can act as ecosystem engineers. Their galls can become hosts of inquilines, and the wasps themselves are hosts to parasitoids.[4]
Most of these wasps undergo cyclical parthenogenesis, sometimes reproducing sexually, and sometimes producing young without fertilization.[2] [5]
Genera[edit]
- Acraspis
- Amphibolips
- Andricus
- Antron
- Aphelonyx
- Atrusca
- Barucynips[3]
- Bassettia Ashmead, 1887[6]
- Belizinella
- Belonocnema
- Biorhiza
- Burnettweldia
- Callirhytis
- Cerroneuroterus
- Chilaspis
- Coffeikokkos[7]
- Cyclocynips[2]
- Cycloneuroterus
- Cynips
- Disholandricus
- Disholcaspis
- Dros
- Druon
- Dryocosmus
- Erythres
- Eumayria
- Eumayriella
- Femuros
- Feron[8]
- Grahamstoneia
- Heteroecus
- Heocynips
- Holocynips
- Kinseyella
- Kokkocynips
- Latuspina
- Loxaulus
- Melikaiella
- Neuroterus
- Nichollsiella
- Odontocynips
- Paracraspis
- Philonix
- Phylloteras
- Plagiotrochus
- Prokius[9]
- Protobalandricus
- Pseudoneuroterus
- Sphaeroteras
- Striatoandricus[10]
- Trichagalma
- Trichoteras
- Trigonaspis
- Xanthoteras
- Zapatella
- Zopheroteras
References[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to Cynipini.
- ^ Nieves-Aldrey, J. L., et al. (2009). Revision and phylogenetics of the genus Paraulax Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) with biological notes and description of a new tribe, a new genus, and five new species. Zootaxa 2200 1-40.
- ^ a b c d e Melika, G., et al. (2013). A new genus of oak gallwasp, Cyclocynips Melika, Tang & Sinclair (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with descriptions of two new species from Taiwan. Zootaxa 3630(3), 534-48.
- ^ a b c Medianero, E. and J. L. Nieves-Aldrey. (2013). Barucynips panamensis, a new genus and species of oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) from Panama, and description of one new species of Coffeikokkos. ZooKeys (277), 25-46.
- ^ Hayward, Alex; Stone, Graham (2005-10-05). "Oak gall wasp communities: Evolution and ecology". Basic and Applied Ecology. 6 (5): 435–443. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2005.07.003.
- ^ Stone, Graham N.; Schönrogge, Karsten; Atkinson, Rachel J.; Bellido, David; Pujade-Villar, Juli (January 2002). "The Population Biology of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)". Annual Review of Entomology. 47 (1): 633–668. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145247. PMID 11729087. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
- ^ Melika, G.; Abrahamson, W. G. (2007). "Review of the nearctic gallwasp species of the genus Bassettia Ashmead, 1887, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)" (PDF). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 53 (2): 131–148.
- ^ Pujade-Villar, J., et al. (2012). A new genus of oak gallwasp, Coffeikokkos Pujade-Villar & Melika, gen. n., with a description of a new species from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Zookeys (168), 19–29.
- ^ Cuesta-Porta, Victor; Melika, George; Nicholls, James A.; Stone, Graham N.; Pujade-Villar, Juli (2023-11-07). "Re-establishment of the Nearctic oak cynipid gall wasp genus Feron Kinsey, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including the description of six new species". Zootaxa. 5366 (1): 1–174. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5366.1.1. hdl:20.500.11820/8d7cf66b-8011-4572-b520-b8f5d78deae2. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ Enrique Medianero; James A. Nicholls; Graham N. Stone; José Luis Nieves-Aldrey (10 December 2021). "A new genus of Neotropical oak gall wasp, Prokius Nieves-Aldrey, Medianero & Nicholls, gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with description of two new species from Panama". Zootaxa. 5081 (2): 203–222. doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5081.2.2. ISSN 1175-5334. Wikidata Q110301856.
- ^ Cuesta-Porta, Victor; Arnedo, Miquel A.; Cibrian-Tovar, David; Barrera-Ruiz, Uriel M.; Garcia-Martinon, Rosa D.; Equihua-Martinez, Armando; Estrada-Venegas, Edith; Clark-Tapia, Ricardo; Romero-Rangel, Silvia; Pujade-Villar, Juli (2020). "A new genus of oak gall wasp, Striatoandricus Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from America with descriptions of two new Mexican species". Zoological Studies. 59 (59): e8. doi:10.6620/ZS.2020.59-08. PMC 7396930. PMID 32760454.
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