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Photo: negative (left) with ethanol and positive with t-butanol.
Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic beverages.
The Lucas test in alcohols is a test to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
General[edit]
| IUPAC name
|
Common name
|
Classification
|
CAS
|
| Ethanol
|
Alcohol, drinking alcohol, ethyl alcohol, EtOH
|
Primary
|
64-17-5
|
| Propan-1-ol
|
1-Propanol, 1-propyl alcohol, PrOH
|
Primary
|
71-23-8
|
| 2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethanol
|
Tryptophol
|
Primary
|
526-55-6
|
| 2-Methylbutan-1-ol
|
2-Methyl-1-butanol (2M1B)
|
Secondary
|
137-32-6
|
| 2-methylpropan-1-ol
|
2-Methyl-1-propanol (2M1P), Isobutanol
|
Primary
|
78-83-1
|
| 2-Methylbutan-2-ol
|
2-Methyl-2-butanol (2M2B), tert-Amyl alcohol (TAA, tert-amylol)
|
Tertiary
|
75-85-4
|
| 2-Methylpropan-2-ol
|
2-Methyl-2-propanol (2M2P), tert-Butyl alcohol ((TBA), tert-butanol), t-BuOH
|
Tertiary
|
75-65-0
|
| 2-Phenylethan-1-ol
|
Phenethyl alcohol, 2-Phenylethanol
|
Primary
|
60-12-8
|
| 3-Methylbutan-1-ol
|
3-methyl-1-butanol (3M1B), isoamyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol (isopentanol)
|
Primary
|
123-51-3
|
Pharmacology[edit]
| IUPAC name
|
Toxic metabolite(s)
|
Alcohol by volume (ABV)[1]
|
LD50 in rat, oral[2]
|
| Ethanol
|
Acetaldehyde → acetic acid
|
Up to 95.6% in rectified spirit
|
7060 mg/kg
|
| Propan-1-ol
|
Propionaldehyde → propionic acid
|
2.8% (mean) in Jamaican rum: 2384–3130 mg/100 mL. Up to 3500 mg/L (0.35%) in spirits.[3]
|
1870 mg/kg
|
| 2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethanol
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
| 2-Methylbutan-1-ol
|
?
|
1.2% (mean) in Bourbon: 910–1390 mg/100 mL
|
4170 mg/kg[4]
|
| 2-methylpropan-1-ol
|
?
|
0.9% (mean) in Rye mash cistern room: 534–1197 mg/100 mL
|
2460 mg/kg
|
| 2-Methylbutan-2-ol
|
None (tertiary alcohol)
|
0.07% in beer: 70 mg/100 mL (see tert-Pentyl alcohol in ref) Found in cassava fermented drinks
|
1000 mg/kg
|
| 2-Methylpropan-2-ol
|
None (tertiary alcohol)
|
Identified, not quantified, in beer[5]
|
2743 mg/kg
|
| 2-Phenylethan-1-ol
|
?
|
0.1% in non-yeasted cider (Kieser 1964): 100 mg/100 mL
|
1790 mg/kg
|
| 3-Methylbutan-1-ol
|
?
|
1.5% (mean) in French Brandy: 859–2108 mg/100 mL
|
1300 mg/kg
|
Difference to ethanol[edit]
| IUPAC name
|
% intoxication by alcoholic drink (ABV x potency compared to EtOH / total ABV)
|
Therapeutic index (Potency compared to EtOH/EtOH LD50:LD50 ratio)
|
Potency compared to EtOH
|
EtOH LD50:LD50 ratio
|
| Ethanol
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
| Propan-1-ol
|
21%: 2,8×3÷40
|
0.8 (mean): 0.5-1.1
|
3 (mean): 2-4
|
3.8
|
| 2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethanol
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
| 2-Methylbutan-1-ol
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
1.7
|
| 2-methylpropan-1-ol
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
| 2-Methylbutan-2-ol
|
28%: 0.07×20÷5
|
2.8
|
20
|
7.1
|
| 2-Methylpropan-2-ol
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
2.6
|
| 2-Phenylethan-1-ol
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
| 3-Methylbutan-1-ol
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
5.4
|
Characteristic[edit]
| IUPAC name
|
Color/Form[6]
|
Odor[6]
|
Taste[6]
|
| Ethanol
|
Clear, colorless, very mobile liquid
|
Mild, rather pleasant; like wine or whiskey. Weak, ethereal, vinous odor.
|
Burning, slightly sweet
|
| Propan-1-ol
|
Colorless liquid
|
Similar to ethanol
|
Characteristic ripe, fruity flavor. Burning taste
|
| 2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethanol
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
| 2-Methylbutan-1-ol
|
Oily, clear liquid. Colorless liquid
|
Characteristic, disagreeable odor.
|
Pungent, repulsive taste
|
| 2-methylpropane-1-ol
|
Colorless, oily liquid. Clear, colorless, refractive, mobile liquid.
|
Suffocating odor of fusel oil. Slightly suffocating; nonresidual alcoholic. Sweet, musty odor
|
Sweet whiskey taste
|
| 2-Methylbutan-2-ol
|
Colorless liquid
|
Characteristic odor. Camphor odor
|
Burning taste
|
| 2-Methylpropan-2-ol
|
Colorless liquid or solid (crystals) (above 78 degrees F)
|
Camphor-like odor
|
?
|
| 2-Phenylethan-1-ol
|
?
|
Intense odour of roses
|
Burning
|
| 3-Methylbutan-1-ol
|
Oily, clear liquid. Colorless liquid.
|
Characteristic, disagreeable odor.
|
Pungent, repulsive taste
|
References[edit]
