Baak (Assamese folklore)
Baak, Bak or Bák (Assamese: বাঁক, IPA: ['bak]) is a creature that frequently appears in folktales in Assam. The baak is believed to live near water bodies and is usually malevolent in nature, troubling fishermen among others. The baak is fond of fish. Unlike many other creatures which are limited to parts of the state, the baak finds space in folklore across Assam.[1][2]
Powers and habits[edit]
The baak is usually believed to be malevolent in nature. It lives near water bodies and enjoys fish.[3] Baak can be murderous, drowning its victim to death. It often assumes the form of its victim after death or possesses the victim.[1][4] It then goes on to live with the victim's family, attempting to kill them too. Carrying a torn fishing net can help avoid baaks, as they are said to be afraid of it. There is a cycle of stories where the baak assumes the form of a man to live with his wife.[5] Kishore Bhattacharjee notes that this may be associated with unconscious fears of extra-marital love from the male point of view.
Baaks are not always described to be murderous however. Many a times, benign baaks simply possess victims or play tricks with them,[6] particularly with children.[1]
Sometimes, baak is described as carrying a pouch that contains its powers. The baak's life depends on it and taking possession of it can make one its master.[4][5] However, Benudhar Rajkhowa in his classic "Assamese demonology" assigns these attributes to the dot and not the baak.[6]
Classification[edit]
Rajkhowa in his "Assamese Demonology" classifies Assamese spirits into "sub-terrananian", "terrestrial", "aerial" and "celestial". He places the baak among the terrestrial. The terrestrial spirits are further classified into aqueous, sylvan and household. Rajkhowa classifies the baak as an aqueous spirit, listing it as the first in his list of five major aqueous spirits.[6]:Rajkhowa describes the following folk idiom to connect baak to waters
Hanhor uporot xiyal roja
Pota pukhurit bak roja (Assamese)
(A jackal is the lord of poultry.
A bak is supreme in a deserted tank.)
Kishore Bhattacharjee notes in his contribution to "Folklore as Discourse" that everyday Assamese legends usually generate expectations of black magic; spirits of rivers, lakes and trees; names of places; buried treasure; origin of temples; healers and wise folks; and history seen by people including saint legends, partly based on the work of Christensen and Kvideland.[7] The stories of the baak apparently come under the second category. However, stories of ghosts and spirits internationally known as legends are not culturally identified as legend here, according to Bhattacharjee.
In popular culture[edit]
Bakor Putek (The Bak's son) is an Assamese movie released in 2012 that focuses on the social and personal consequences of superstition in rural Assam.[8] The belief in stories of the Bak assuming the form of the husband and living with his wife after killing him brings trouble to the lives of a married couple. The 2024 Tamil film Aranmanai 4 also features the story of Bak.[9]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Sandal, Veenu (11 June 2016). "Malevolent spirits need death to survive". Sunday Guardian Live. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ^ Kashyap, Samudra Gupta (18 March 2008). "All that haunts Assam now in a thesaurus". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ^ Bhuyan, Avantika (30 March 2018). "The little fish in big rivers". Live Mint. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ^ a b Bhattacharya, Rohit. "The Terrifying Baak, A Demon That Drowns You, Hides Your Body, & Takes Your Place". ScoopWhoop. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ^ a b Muthukumaraswamy, M. D. (2006). Folklore as Discourse. Chennai: National Folklore Support Centre, India. p. 113.
- ^ a b c Rajkhowa, Benudhar (1905). Assamese Demonology. Kolkata: Patrika Press. pp. 1–4.
- ^ Muthukumaraswamy, M. D. (2006). Folklore as Discourse. Chennai: National Folklore Support Centre, India. p. 106.
- ^ "Bakor Putek Film Review: How Norms Can Ruin Lives". inbreakthrough.org. 2020-03-03. Archived from the original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved 2024-05-07.
- ^ "Decoding Sundar C's Aranmanai 4: Everything About Baak, The Evil Spirit In His Upcoming Horror Film". Times Now. 2024-04-29. Archived from the original on 2024-04-29. Retrieved 2024-05-07.
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