Template:LGBT rights table Europe
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Tables:
European Union[edit]
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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![]() ![]() joint adoption legal in 17/27 member states |
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![]() 4/27 states ban some anti-gay discrimination. 23/27 states ban all anti-gay discrimination |
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Central Europe[edit]
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Lack of a Presence of Anti-LGBT laws |
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![]() + UN decl. sign. |
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![]() joint adoption since 2016[6][7][8] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() Legal in West Germany since 1969; equal age of consent since 1988 in East Germany and since 1994 in unified Germany + UN decl. sign.[3][18] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() joint adoption since 2023[39][40] |
Has no military | ![]() |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
![]() ![]() registered partnership proposed 2019 |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
![]() ![]() Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018 (Proposed) |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
![]() Registered partnerships since 2017[54] |
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![]() joint adoption since 2022[56] |
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![]() Legal in the cantons of Geneva (as part of France), Ticino, Valais, and Vaud since 1798; equal age of consent since 1990 + UN decl. sign.[3][58] |
![]() Nationwide since 2007[62] |
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![]() joint adoption since 2022[63][64] |
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Eastern Europe[edit]
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Lack of a Presence of Anti-LGBT laws |
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![]() (Disputed territory) |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() Female always legal[77][3] ![]() |
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![]() (Disputed territory) |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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Northern Europe[edit]
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Lack of a Presence of Anti-LGBT laws |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() joint adoption since 2010[89][90] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() joint adoption since 2024[95] |
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![]() (Autonomous Territory within the Kingdom of Denmark) |
![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() joint adoption since 2017 |
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![]() (As part of Denmark) + UN decl. sign.[3] |
![]() Registered partnerships from 1996 to 2010 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[107] |
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No standing army | ![]() |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() joint adoption since 2009[130][131] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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Southern Europe[edit]
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Lack of a Presence of Anti-LGBT laws |
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![]() (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |
![]() + UN decl. sign.[3][141][142] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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Has no military | ![]() |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |
![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() (as part of Yugoslavia); equal age of consent since 2004[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2016 |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() Gender change is legally recognized since 2021 |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal nationwide since 2023.[220] |
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Has no military | ![]() |
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Western Europe[edit]
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Lack of a Presence of Anti-LGBT laws |
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![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() Legal in Savoy since 1792; equal age of consent since 1982 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() (Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom) |
![]() + UN decl. sign.[236][237][3] |
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![]() Female always legal + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() (Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom) |
![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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![]() (Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom) |
![]() + UN decl. sign.[3] |
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Notes[edit]
References
- ^ "Perspective: what has the EU done for LGBT rights?". Café Babel. 17 May 2010. Archived from the original on May 19, 2010. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
- ^ "What is the current legal situation in the EU?". ILGA Europe. Archived from the original on November 2, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (PDF). International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
- ^ "RIS – Eingetragene Partnerschaft-Gesetz – Bundesrecht konsolidiert, Fassung vom 17.08.2019". www.ris.bka.gv.at.
- ^ "Unterscheidung zwischen Ehe und eingetragener Partnerschaft verletzt Diskriminierungsverbot". Constitutional Court of Austria (in German). 5 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
- ^ "Bundesgesetz, mit dem das Allgemeine Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch und das Bundesgesetz über die eingetragene Partnerschaft geändert wird" (PDF). parlament.gv.at (in German).
- ^ "Entschließungsantrag betreffend der Aufhebung des Adoptionsverbots für Homosexuelle" (PDF). parlament.gv.at.
- ^ "§ 144(2) ABGB (General Civil Code)". www.ris.bka.gv.at (in German).
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "ILGA-Europe" (PDF). ilga-europe.org.
- ^ a b c d "Map shows how Europe forces trans people to be sterilized". Gay Star News.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Spartacus Gay Travel Index 2023". Spartacus Gay Travel Blog. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Krause, Karl (March 15, 2023). "Spartacus Gay Travel Index 2023". Couple of Men. Archived from the original on March 15, 2023. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
- ^ "Portál veřejné správy". portal.gov.cz.
- ^ "I registrovaní homosexuálové mohou adoptovat děti, rozhodl Ústavní soud". Zprávy (in Czech). June 28, 2016. Archived from the original on July 3, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Trans Rights Europe Map, 2018" (PDF). Transgender Europe. April 21, 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 6, 2019. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
- ^ "glbtq >> social sciences >> Berlin" (PDF). glbtq.com.
- ^ "LPartG – nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
- ^ "Gesetz zur Einführung des Rechts auf Eheschließung für Personen gleichen Geschlechts – 2. Ergänzung der Anwendungshinweise zur Umsetzung des vorgenannten Gesetzes".
- ^ a b Connolly, Kate (June 30, 2017). "German Parliament votes to legalise same-sex marriage". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Antidiskriminierungsstelle – Publikationen – AGG in englischer Sprache". antidiskriminierungsstelle.de.
- ^ "TSG – nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
- ^ Kft, Wolters Kluwer Hungary. "2009. évi XXIX. törvény a bejegyzett élettársi kapcsolatról, az ezzel összefüggő, valamint az élettársi viszony igazolásának megkönnyítéséhez szükséges egyes törvények módosításáról – Hatályos Jogszabályok Gyűjteménye". net.jogtar.hu.
- ^ "Folyamatban levő törvényjavaslatok – Országgyűlés". www.parlament.hu.
- ^ a b "Melegházasságról szóló törvényjavaslat landolt a magyar parlamentben" (in Hungarian). Index.hu. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "Fundamental Law of Hungary" (PDF). TASZ. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
- ^ Gorondi, Pablo (18 April 2011). "Hungary passes new conservative constitution". Reading Eagle. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
- ^ "Hungary amends constitution to redefine family, effectively banning gay adoption". ABC News. December 15, 2020. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
- ^ Wareham, Jamie (19 May 2020). "Transgender People In Hungary Lose Right To Gender Recognition". Forbes. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ "Gesetz über die eingetragene Partnerschaft gleichgeschlechtlicher Paare (Partnerschaftsgesetz; PartG)" (PDF). gesetze.li (in German).
- ^ Sele, David (May 16, 2024). "Landtag beschließt Ehe für alle". Vaterland (in German). Archived from the original on May 16, 2024. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
- ^ "Einladung - Öffentliche Landtagssitzung (Mittwoch/Donnerstag/Freitag, 6./7./8. März 2024 09.00 Uhr, Landtagssaal) (see agenda item #33)" (PDF). landtag.li (in German). 6 March 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
- ^ "Liechtenstein: Parlament berät Vorlage zur Eheöffnung". Mannschaft Magazin. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ ""Ehe für Alle" ab 1. Januar 2025". Radio Liechtenstein (in German). Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
- ^ Flay Leichtenstein. "Danke fur 24x..." Facebook (in German). Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
- ^ "Landtag, 8. Marz 2024, Trakt. 31 (Teil 2) - 33 (watch from 33:58 onwards; results shown on 1:01:44)". vimeopro (in German). 8 March 2024.
- ^ "Art. 25 gekippt: Etappensieg für gleichgeschlechtliche Paare". Volksblatt (in German). 2022-05-06. Retrieved 2022-07-12.
- ^ "Art. 25 des Partnerschaftsgesetzes in Kraft - Ab heute dürfen auch homosexuelle Paare ein Stiefkind adoptieren)". vaterland.li (in German). 1 June 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "The Constitution of the Republic of Poland". Sejm RP. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
Marriage, being a union of a man and a woman, as well as the family, motherhood and parenthood, shall be placed under the protection and care of the Republic of Poland.
- ^ Judgment of the Supreme Court of 7 July 2004, II KK 176/04,
W dotychczasowym orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego, wypracowanym i ugruntowanym zarówno w okresie obowiązywania poprzedniego, jak i obecnego Kodeksu postępowania karnego, a także w doktrynie (por. wypowiedzi W. Woltera, A. Zolla, A. Wąska), pojęcie "wspólne pożycie" odnoszone jest wyłącznie do konkubinatu, a w szczególności do związku osób o różnej płci, odpowiadającego od strony faktycznej stosunkowi małżeństwa (którym w myśl art. 18 Konstytucji jest wyłącznie związek osób różnej płci). Tego rodzaju interpretację Sąd Najwyższy, orzekający w niniejszej sprawie, w pełni podziela i nie znajduje podstaw do uznania za przekonywujące tych wypowiedzi pojawiających się w piśmiennictwie, w których podejmowane są próby kwestionowania takiej interpretacji omawianego pojęcia i sprowadzania go wyłącznie do konkubinatu (M. Płachta, K. Łojewski, A.M. Liberkowski). Rozumiejąc bowiem dążenia do rozszerzającej interpretacji pojęcia "wspólne pożycie", użytego w art. 115 § 11 k.k., należy jednak wskazać na całkowity brak w tym względzie dostatecznie precyzyjnych kryteriów.
- ^ "Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 11 May 2005, K 18/04".
Polska Konstytucja określa bowiem małżeństwo jako związek wyłącznie kobiety i mężczyzny. A contrario nie dopuszcza więc związków jednopłciowych. [...] Małżeństwo (jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny) uzyskało w prawie krajowym RP odrębny status konstytucyjny zdeterminowany postanowieniami art. 18 Konstytucji. Zmiana tego statusu byłaby możliwa jedynie przy zachowaniu rygorów trybu zmiany Konstytucji, określonych w art. 235 tego aktu.
- ^ "Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 9 November 2010, SK 10/08".
W doktrynie prawa konstytucyjnego wskazuje się nadto, że jedyny element normatywny, dający się odkodować z art. 18 Konstytucji, to ustalenie zasady heteroseksualności małżeństwa.
- ^ "Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland of 25 October 2016, II GSK 866/15".
Ustawa o świadczeniach zdrowotnych finansowanych ze środków publicznych nie wyjaśnia, co prawda, kto jest małżonkiem. Pojęcie to zostało jednak dostatecznie i jasno określone we wspomnianym art. 18 Konstytucji RP, w którym jest mowa o małżeństwie jako o związku kobiety i mężczyzny. W piśmiennictwie podkreśla się, że art. 18 Konstytucji ustala zasadę heteroseksualności małżeństwa, będącą nie tyle zasadą ustroju, co normą prawną, która zakazuje ustawodawcy zwykłemu nadawania charakteru małżeństwa związkom pomiędzy osobami jednej płci (vide: L. Garlicki Komentarz do art. 18 Konstytucji, s. 2-3 [w:] Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Komentarz, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 2003). Jest wobec tego oczywiste, że małżeństwem w świetle Konstytucji i co za tym idzie – w świetle polskiego prawa, może być i jest wyłącznie związek heteroseksualny, a więc w związku małżeńskim małżonkami nie mogą być osoby tej samej płci.
- ^ "Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland of 28 February 2018, II OSK 1112/16".
art. 18 Konstytucji RP, który definiuje małżeństwo jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny, a tym samym wynika z niego zasada nakazująca jako małżeństwo traktować w Polsce jedynie związek heteroseksualny.
- ^ *Gallo D; Paladini L; Pustorino P, eds. (2014). Same-Sex Couples before National, Supranational and International Jurisdictions. Berlin: Springer. p. 215. ISBN 978-3-642-35434-2.
the drafters of the 1997 Polish Constitution included a legal definition of a marriage as the union of a woman and a man in the text of the constitution in order to ensure that the introduction of same-sex marriage would not be passed without a constitutional amendment.
- Marek Safjan; Leszek Bosek, eds. (2016). Konstytucja RP. Tom I. Komentarz do art. 1-86. Warszawa: C.H. Beck Wydawnictwo Polska. ISBN 9788325573652.
Z przeprowadzonej powyżej analizy prac nad Konstytucją RP wynika jednoznacznie, że zamieszczenie w art. 18 Konstytucji RP zwrotu definicyjnego "związek kobiety i mężczyzny" stanowiło reakcję na fakt pojawienia się w państwach obcych regulacji poddającej związki osób tej samej płci regulacji zbliżonej lub zbieżnej z instytucją małżeństwa. Uzupełniony tym zwrotem przepis konstytucyjny "miał pełnić rolę instrumentu zapobiegającego wprowadzeniu takiej regulacji do prawa polskiego" (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772). Innego motywu jego wprowadzenia do Konstytucji RP nie da się wskazać (szeroko w tym zakresie B. Banaszkiewicz, "Małżeństwo jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny", s. 640 i n.; zob. też Z. Strus, Znaczenie artykułu 18 Konstytucji, s. 236 i n.). Jak zauważa A. Mączyński istotą tej regulacji było normatywne przesądzenie nie tylko o niemożliwości unormowania w prawie polskim "małżeństw pomiędzy osobami tej samej płci", lecz również innych związków, które mimo tego, że nie zostałyby określone jako małżeństwo miałyby spełniać funkcje do niego podobną (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772; tenże, Konstytucyjne i międzynarodowe uwarunkowania, s. 91; podobnie L. Garlicki, Artykuł 18, w: Garlicki, Konstytucja, t. 3, uw. 4, s. 2, który zauważa, że w tym zakresie art. 18 nabiera "charakteru normy prawnej").
- Scherpe JM, ed. (2016). European Family Law Volume III: Family Law in a European Perspective Family. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-78536-304-7.
Constitutional bans on same-sex marriage are now applicable in ten European countries: Article 32, Belarus Constitution; Article 46 Bulgarian Constitution; Article L Hungarian Constitution, Article 110, Latvian Constitution; Article 38.3 Lithuanian Constitution; Article 48 Moldovan Constitution; Article 71 Montenegrin Constitution; Article 18 Polish Constitution; Article 62 Serbian Constitution; and Article 51 Ukrainian Constitution.
- Stewart J, Lloyd KC (2016). "Marriage Equality in Europe". Family Advocate. 38 (4): 37–40.
Article 18 of the Polish Constitution limits the institution of marriage to opposite-sex couples.
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