Garry Marshall

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Garry Marshall
Marshall in 2013
Born
Garry Kent Marshall

(1934-11-13)November 13, 1934
DiedJuly 19, 2016(2016-07-19) (aged 81)
Resting placeForest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Alma materNorthwestern University
Occupations
  • Screenwriter
  • film director
  • producer
  • actor
Years active1959–2016
Known forCreator of Happy Days
Spouse
Barbara Sue Wells
(m. 1963)
Children3, including Scott Marshall
Parent
RelativesPenny Marshall (sister)
Tracy Reiner (niece)

Garry Kent Marshall (November 13, 1934 – July 19, 2016)[1][2] was an American screenwriter, film director, producer and actor.[3] Marshall began his career in the 1960s as a writer for The Lucy Show and The Dick Van Dyke Show until he developed the television adaptation of Neil Simon's play The Odd Couple. He rose to fame in the 1970s for creating the ABC sitcom Happy Days (1974–1984).

Marshall went on to direct the numerous films including Young Doctors in Love (1982), The Flamingo Kid (1984), Nothing in Common (1986), Overboard (1987), Beaches (1988), Pretty Woman (1990), Frankie and Johnny (1991), Exit to Eden (1994), Dear God (1996), The Other Sister and Runaway Bride (Both in 1999), The Princess Diaries (2001), Raising Helen (2004), Georgia Rule (2007), Valentine's Day (2010), New Year's Eve (2011), and Mother's Day (2016).

As an actor, Marshall appeared in the films Soapdish (1991), A League of Their Own (1992), With Friends Like These... (1998), Orange County (2002), Keeping Up with the Steins (2006), Race to Witch Mountain (2009), and Life After Beth (2014). He also provided voice acting roles in the animated films The Majestic (2001) and Chicken Little (2005).

Early life and family[edit]

Garry Kent Marshall was born in the Bronx, New York City, on November 13, 1934, the only son and the eldest child of Anthony "Tony" Masciarelli (later Anthony Wallace Marshall; 1906–1999), a director of industrial films and producer, and Marjorie Irene (née Ward; 1908–1983), the owner and teacher in a tap dance school.[4] He was the brother of actress-director Penny Marshall and Ronny Marshall Hallin, a television producer. His father was of Italian descent, his family having come from San Martino sulla Marrucina, Chieti, Abruzzo,[5] and his mother was of German, English, Irish and Scottish ancestry.[6] His father changed his last name from Masciarelli to Marshall before his son Garry was born.[3] Garry Marshall was baptized Presbyterian and also raised Lutheran for a time.[7]

He attended De Witt Clinton High School and Northwestern University, where he wrote a sports column for The Daily Northwestern, and was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity.[8][9] Beginning in 1956, Marshall served a stint in the U.S. Army as a writer for Stars and Stripes and Seoul News, and was production chief for Armed Forces Radio Network; serving in Korea.[10][11][12]

On March 9, 1963, Marshall married Barbara Sue Wells. They resided in Los Angeles; the couple have three children: Scott; Lori (with whom he co-wrote a book); and Kathleen (who appeared in all of his films).

Career[edit]

Marshall c. 1995

Marshall began his career as a joke writer for such comedians as Joey Bishop and Phil Foster and became a writer for The Tonight Show with Jack Paar.[13] He originally partnered with writer Fred Freeman.[citation needed]

In 1961, he and Freeman moved to Hollywood, where they broke into writing sitcoms on The Joey Bishop Show. Freeman, however, found that he did not enjoy sitcom work, and moved back to New York. Marshall teamed up with writing partner Jerry Belson, and the two worked together through the 1960s. The pair worked on The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Joey Bishop Show, The Danny Thomas Show, and The Lucy Show. Their first television series as creator-producers was Hey, Landlord, which lasted one season (1966–67). Then they adapted Neil Simon's play The Odd Couple for television. Moving into the 1970s, Marshall worked on his own or with others, and created Happy Days, Laverne & Shirley (starring his sister Penny, who had earlier had a recurring role on The Odd Couple), and Mork & Mindy, which were produced by his associates Thomas L. Miller, Robert L. Boyett, and Edward K. Milkis.[14] He was also a co-creator of Makin' It,[15] which the three men also produced.

In the early 1980s, he met Héctor Elizondo while playing basketball, and they became great friends. Elizondo appeared in every film that Marshall directed, beginning with his first feature film Young Doctors in Love. Elizondo once noted that he is written into all of Marshall's contracts whether he wanted to do the film or not.[16] In the opening credits of Exit to Eden, their eighth film together, Elizondo is credited "As Usual ... Hector Elizondo". In 1984, Marshall had a film hit as the writer and director of The Flamingo Kid.[17] Of all Marshall's films, Elizondo had his biggest role in The Flamingo Kid as main character Matt Dillon's father.

Marshall had several responsibilities during this period of his career: most of his hit television series were created and executive produced by him. His first producing assignment came with Hey, Landlord in 1966. He stepped up the next year, producing The Lucy Show.[18] Then came successes in producing The Odd Couple, Laverne & Shirley, Blansky's Beauties, Mork & Mindy, Angie, and Happy Days.

One such project titled Four Stars was directed by Lynda Goodfriend (who portrayed Lori Beth in Happy Days), and was based on a play Goodfriend had read when she was studying at the Lee Strasberg Center, which had been written by John Schulte and Kevin Mahoney. It starred Julie Paris (the daughter of Jerry Paris) and Bert Kramer. Schulte later co-wrote with TV veteran writer and producer Fred Fox Jr., who penned and produced a number of Marshall's television series, including Happy Days and Laverne & Shirley.[19] Marshall went on to focus on directing feature films, with a series of hits, such as Beaches, Pretty Woman, The Princess Diaries, Valentine's Day, and New Year's Eve.

Marshall and Jonny Blu on the set of The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement in 2004

Marshall was also an actor, appearing in Murphy Brown and in such films as Soapdish, On the Lot, his sister's A League Of Their Own and Albert Brooks' Lost in America, and provided a guest-starring voice for The Simpsons episodes "Eight Misbehavin'" and "Homer the Father" (one of his first roles as an undercover cop in the counter-culture drama Psych-Out starring Jack Nicholson). He appeared in two episodes of Happy Days as a drummer. He was a drummer in the second last scene of The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement and he plays a drummer in his film Overboard.[citation needed]

His theater credits included Wrong Turn at Lungfish, which he wrote in collaboration with Lowell Ganz,[20] The Roast with Jerry Belson,[21] Shelves and Happy Days: A New Musical with Paul Williams,[22] which had its premiere at the Falcon Theater in Burbank, California, February 24, 2006.[23] He portrayed the role of "director" on Burbank's "Lights... camera... action!" float in the 2014 Rose Parade. In 2014, Marshall appeared in a guest star role in a February episode in season 11 of Two and a Half Men.

Death and tributes[edit]

Marshall died at a hospital in Burbank, Los Angeles on the morning of July 19, 2016 due to complications of pneumonia after suffering a stroke.[24][25] He was 81.

Henry Winkler paid tribute to him on Barry in 2019,[26] and SAG-AFTRA made a Memoriam Tribute to Marshall on the SAG Awards in 2019.[27] Julia Roberts paid tribute to him in Pretty Woman: The Musical in 2018.[28] She also paid tribute to him in an interview: "To know Garry Marshall was to love him. And I was luckier than most to have loved him for my entire adult life and luckier still to have been loved by him because his love was unconditional, inexhaustible and magical."[29]

ABC aired the special The Happy Days of Garry Marshall on May 12, 2020.[30]

Filmography[edit]

Film[edit]

Year Title Director Producer Writer
1968 How Sweet It Is! No Yes Yes
1970 The Grasshopper No Yes Yes
1982 Young Doctors in Love Yes No No
1984 The Flamingo Kid Yes No Yes
1986 Nothing in Common Yes No Uncredited
1987 Overboard Yes No No
Nothing in Common No Yes No
1988 Beaches Yes No No
1989 The Lottery (Short film) Yes No No
1990 Pretty Woman Yes No No
1991 Frankie and Johnny Yes Yes No
1994 Exit to Eden Yes Yes No
1996 Dear God Yes No No
1999 The Other Sister Yes No Yes
Runaway Bride Yes No No
2001 The Princess Diaries Yes No No
2004 Raising Helen Yes No No
The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement Yes No No
2007 Georgia Rule Yes No No
2010 Valentine's Day Yes No No
2011 New Year's Eve Yes Yes No
2016 Mother's Day Yes No Story

Executive producer

Acting roles[edit]

Year Title Role Notes
1961 The Phony American U.S. Recruiting Officer
1968 Maryjane Service Station Attendant Credited as Garry K. Marshall
Psych-Out Plainclothesman
How Sweet It Is! Man in top bunk Voice, Uncredited
1977 Grand Theft Auto Underworld Boss Credited as Gary K. Marshall
1985 Lost in America Casino Manager
1986 Jumpin' Jack Flash Police Detective
1987 Overboard Drummer Uncredited
1988 Beaches Audition Director
1990 Pretty Woman Bum Tour Guide
Secret Agent OO Soul
1991 Soapdish Edmund Edwards
1992 A League of Their Own Walter Harvey
1993 Hocus Pocus Devil (Husband) Uncredited
1994 Exit to Eden Priscilla's Client Voice, Uncredited
1995 Live Nude Girls Mobster Don Uncredited
Statistically Speaking Short
1996 Dear God Preston Sweeney, Postmaster Uncredited
Mary Jane's Not a Virgin Anymore Complaining Customer
The Twilight of the Golds Walter Gold
1998 With Friends Like These... Frank Minetti
Hole in the Paper Sky Warren Short
1999 Runaway Bride First Baseman in Softball Uncredited
Kismet Stepfather Short
Never Been Kissed Rigfort
The Space Between Us Steve Mayland
Can't Be Heaven Pawn Shop Broker
2000 It's a Shame About Ray Mr. Brezhnev Short
2001 Tomcats Uncle Murray Uncredited
The Hollywood Sign Director
The Majestic Studio Executive Voice
2002 Orange County Arthur Gantner
Mother Ghost Arthur
2003 The Long Ride Home Arthur
They Call Him Sasquatch Stu Glassman
Devil's Knight Big Eddie
2004 The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement Drummer
2005 Mute Pastor Short
Chicken Little Buck Cluck Voice
2006 Keeping Up with the Steins Irwin Fiedler
I-See-You.Com Himself
2008 Chronic Town The Doctor
2009 Finding Bliss Himself
Race to Witch Mountain Dr. Donald Harlan
Grand Drip Larry Rosenberg Short
2010 Valentine's Day Musician Uncredited
2014 Life After Beth Grandpa
2015 Scooby-Doo! And Kiss: Rock and Roll Mystery Manny Goldman Voice, Direct-to-DVD

Television[edit]

Year Title Director Producer Writer Creator Notes
1960 The Jack Paar Tonight Show No No Yes No 3 episodes
1962–1965 The Joey Bishop Show No No Yes No 12 episodes
1963–1964 Make Room for Daddy No No Yes No 5 episodes
1964 The Bill Dana Show No No Yes No 2 episodes
Bob Hope Presents
the Chrysler Theatre
No No Yes No Episode: "Think Pretty"
Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. No No Yes No 2 episodes
Danny Thomas Special No No Yes No TV Special
1964–1966 The Lucy Show No No Yes No 11 episodes
1965 Hank No No Yes No Episode: "Will the Real Harvey Wheatley Pleas Stand Up?"
I Spy No No Yes No Episode: "No Exchange on Damaged Merchandise"
1965–1966 The Dick Van Dyke Show No No Yes No 18 episodes
1966–1967 Hey, Landlord Yes Yes Yes Yes Episode "Czech Your Wife, Sir?"
1967-1968 The Danny Thomas Hour No Yes Yes No Episode: "My Pal Tony"
1968 Dick Van Dyke No Yes No No TV special
1970 Barefoot in the Park No No Yes No Episode: "The Bed"
1970–1971 Love, American Style No No Yes No 19 episodes
1970–1975 The Odd Couple Yes No Yes No Director: (6 episodes)
Writer: (7 episodes)
1972 Me and the Chimp Yes Executive Yes Yes 13 episodes
1972–1974 The Brian Keith Show No Executive Yes Yes
1974–1984 Happy Days Yes Executive Yes Yes Director: Episode: "Haunted"
Writer: (2 episodes)
1976–1983 Laverne & Shirley Yes Executive Yes Yes Director: Episode: "The Society Party"
1977 Blansky's Beauties Yes Executive Yes Yes Director: Episode: "Blansky's Biking Beauty"
1978–1982 Mork & Mindy Yes Executive Yes Yes Director: Episode: "Dueling Skates"
1978–1979 Who's Watching the Kids? No Executive No No 10 episodes
1979–1980 Angie No Yes Yes Yes
1981 Mean Jeans Yes Executive No No
1982 Young Doctors in Love Yes Executive No No
1982–1983 The New Odd Couple No Executive Yes No Also developer
Joanie Loves Chachi No Executive Yes Yes 3 episodes
1983 Laverne & Shirley Yes No No No Episode: "The Monastery Show"
2014 See Dad Run No No Yes No Episode: "See Dad See Joe Sleepwalk"

Executive consultant

TV movies

Year Title Director Producer Writer
1967 Sheriff Who No Yes No
1970 The Murdocks and the McClays No Yes Yes
1972 Evil Roy Slade No No Yes
Wednesday Night Out No No Yes
1974 Dominic's Dream Yes Yes Yes
1975 Wives No Executive Yes
1979 Beane's of Boston No Executive No
1983 Herndon Yes Executive No
1986 Four Stars No Executive No
1989 Let's Get Mom Yes No No

Acting roles[edit]

Year Title Role Notes
1965–1966 The Dick Van Dyke Show Referee, Bartender Episodes "Body and Sol" and "The Gunslinger"
1966–1967 Hey, Landlord Big Leonard Episode: "A Legend Dies"
1967 Good Morning World Man Episode: "Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep, Maybe"
1970–1975 The Odd Couple Man #2 / Werner Turner / Drummer / Man #1 4 episodes
1974–1984 Happy Days Prom Drummer/Drummer 2 episodes
1976–1983 Laverne & Shirley Drummer 2 episodes
1980 Vega$ Dr. Middleton Episode: "Lost Monday"
1981 The Way We Were Himself TV special
1987–1988 The New Hollywood Squares Himself (Panelist) Recurring role (5 episodes)
1992 Street Scenes: New York on Film Himself Documentary film
1993 A League of Their Own Walter Harvey 2 episodes
The Last Shot Mark Tullis, Sr. TV short
1994–1997 Murphy Brown Mr. Stan Lansing Recurring role (24 episodes)
1995 Night Stand Garry Marshall Episode: "Arctic Heat"
Wheel of Fortune Himself (Celebrity Contestant) Episode: "Celebrity Award Winners (Game 3)"
The Laverne & Shirley Reunion Himself TV special
1997 Pinky and the Brain Mr. Itch – The Devil Voice, Episode: "A Pinky and the Brain Halloween"
The Naked Truth Garry Marshall Episode: "Brideface Revisited"
City Guys Mr. Giordano Episode: "Bye Mom"
1998 CHiPs '99 Tour Bus Driver TV movie
1999 Norm Big Nick Episode: "Norm vs. Norm"
The Simpsons Mr Larry Kidkill Voice, Episode: "Eight Misbehavin"
Jeopardy! Himself (Celebrity Contestant) Episode: "A Celebrity Jeopardy! (Game 5)"
2000 MADtv Himself Episode: "#5.23"
2001 Hollywood Squares Himself (Panelist) Recurring role (5 episodes)
2001–2002 Three Sisters Vince 2 episodes
2002 Monk Warren Beach Episode: "Mr. Monk and the Airplane"
Rugrats Fred Voice, Episode: "Club Fred"
Sabrina, the Teenage Witch Mickey Brentwood Episode: "Bada-Ping!"
2004 Listen Up Max Kleinman Episode: "The Gift of the Ton-I"
Father of the Pride Bernie Voice, recurring role (5 episodes)
2004–2008 Biography Himself (Interviewee) 5 episodes
2007 Brothers & Sisters Major Jack Wiener 2 episodes
2008 The Sarah Silverman Program Sharkcorp President Episode: "High, It's Sarah"
2009 ER Harry Feingold Episode: "Love Is a Battlefield"
According to Jim Doctor Episode: "Physical Therapy"
2011 The Simpsons Sheldon Leavitt Voice, Episode: "Homer the Father"
2011–2013 The Looney Tunes Show Dr. Weisberg Voice, recurring role (9 episodes)
2012 Louie Lars Tardigan 2 episodes
2013 See Dad Run Bernie Episode: "See Dad Run See Dad Run"
2014 Two and a Half Men Garry Episode: "Bite Me, Supreme Court"
Liv and Maddie Vic Defazerelli Episode: "Space Werewolf-A-Rooney"
2015 Brooklyn Nine-Nine Marvin Miller Episode: "The Wednesday Incident"
Hot in Cleveland Ari Episode: "All Dolled Up"
BoJack Horseman Abe Voice, Episode: "Yes And"
Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero Soda Jerk Voice, 2 episodes
Celebrity Family Feud Himself (Celebrity Contestant) Episode: "Dr. Phil McGraw vs. Garry & Penny Marshall"
2016 The Odd Couple Walter Madison Episode: "Madison & Son", (final appearance)

Video game[edit]

Year Title Role Notes
2005 Chicken Little Buck Cluck Voice

Awards and nominations[edit]

In 1996, Marshall was awarded the Women in Film Lucy Award in recognition of excellence and innovation in creative works that have enhanced the perception of women through the medium of television.[31] He was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame for his contributions to the field of television in 1997.[32]

In 2012, he was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters' Broadcasting Hall of Fame.[33]

Marshall received the Valentine Davies Award (1995) and Laurel Award for TV Writing Achievement (2014)[34] from the Writers Guild of America.[35]

Association Year Category Title Result
Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards 2011 Hall of Shame Valentine's Day Nominated
American Cinema Editors 2004 Golden Eddie Filmmaker of the Year Award Won
American Comedy Awards 1990 Creative Achievement Award Won
BAFTA Awards 1991 Best Film Pretty Woman Nominated
Casting Society of America 1995 Lifetime Achievement Award Won
Cesar Awards 1991 Best Foreign Film Pretty Woman Nominated
Gold Derby Awards 2008 Lifetime Achievement Award Nominated
2010 Lifetime Achievement Award Nominated
Golden Raspberry Awards 2012 Worst Director New Year's Eve Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards 1971 Outstanding New Series The Odd Couple Nominated
1971 Outstanding Comedy Series The Odd Couple Nominated
1972 Outstanding Comedy Series The Odd Couple Nominated
1974 Outstanding Comedy Series The Odd Couple Nominated
1979 Outstanding Comedy Series Mork & Mindy Nominated
PRISM Awards 2008 Best Feature Film Georgia Rule Won
Producers Guild Awards 1998 Lifetime Achievement Membership Award Won
1998 Lifetime Achievement Award in Television Won
Publicists Guild of America 1980 Showmanship Award – Television Won
1992 Showmanship Award – Motion Picture Won
TV Land Awards 2008 Legend Award Won
Walk of Fame 1983 Star on the Walk of Fame — Television 6838 Hollywood, Blvd. Won
Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards 1996 Lucy Award Won
Writers Guild of America 1965 Episodic Comedy
(for "The Bowling Partners")
Make Room for Daddy Nominated
1966 Episodic Comedy
(for "Romance, Roses and Rye Bread", "4 1/2")
The Dick Van Dyke Show Nominated
1995 Valentine Davies Award Won
2014 Laurel Award for TV Writing Achievement Won

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Director Garry Marshall dead at 81". CBS News. July 19, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  2. ^ Bruce Weber (July 20, 2016). "Garry Marshall, 'Pretty Woman' Director, Dies at 81; a TV and Film Comedy Mastermind". nytimes.com. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Shlemiel! Shlemozzle! And Cue the Soprano". The New York Times. September 4, 2005.
  4. ^ Garry Marshall Interview, comedyontap.com; accessed May 14, 2017.
  5. ^ LaSalle, Mick (May 26, 2006). "This Jewish boy's life will make you laugh (and get a bit verklempt?)". The San Francisco Chronicle.
  6. ^ "An Interview with the Cast of Keeping up with the Steins". June 25, 2008. Archived from the original on June 25, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  7. ^ "Thuderstruck.org: Raising Helen". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
  8. ^ Spy. Sussex Publishers, LLC. April 1, 1990. p. 82.
  9. ^ "Kappa Sigma Life Loyal Taus Listing". www.ato.org. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  10. ^ Remembering Garry Marshall – Entertainer and Korean War Veteran (Army). Veteranownedbusiness.com. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  11. ^ Garry Marshall Bio. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  12. ^ Garry Marshall via Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  13. ^ "Writer-director Garry Marshall dies at age 81". Associated Press. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  14. ^ Staiger, Janet (October 1, 2000). Blockbuster TV: Must-See Sitcoms in the Network Era. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814783511.
  15. ^ "Makin' It | TV Series | 1978". Hollywood.com. February 3, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  16. ^ Kung, Michelle (August 20, 2004). "Loyal Subject". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved December 8, 2011.
  17. ^ Eisenberg, Eric (September 20, 2012). "Brett Ratner Producing Remake Of The Flamingo Kid". CINEMABLEND. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  18. ^ "The Museum of Broadcast Communications - Encyclopedia of Television - Marshall, Garry". museum.tv. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  19. ^ "Every Generation Has Its Zorro - Untitled Document". markets.financialcontent.com.
  20. ^ Gerard, Jeremy (February 22, 1993). "Review: 'Wrong Turn at Lungfish'". Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  21. ^ "The Roast @ Winter Garden Theatre | Playbill". Playbill. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  22. ^ Williams, Paul; Marshall, Garry (January 1, 2010). Happy Days: A New Musical. Samuel French, Inc. ISBN 9780573698293.
  23. ^ "Happy Days Musical, With McIntyre, Returns to CA's Falcon This Summer". Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  24. ^ "TV, film legend Garry Marshall dies at 81". USA Today. July 19, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  25. ^ Reporter, Nick Visser (July 19, 2016). "Director Garry Marshall Dead At 81". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  26. ^ "You Probably Didn't Notice Henry Winkler's Tribute to Garry Marshall on Barry". Los Angeles. July 2, 2019.
  27. ^ "Burt Reynolds and Penny Marshall Honored by SAG Awards in Powerful In Memoriam Tribute". Los Angeles. January 27, 2019.
  28. ^ "Julia Roberts Honors Garry Marshall at 'Pretty Woman: The Musical'". The Hollywood Reporter. August 3, 2018.
  29. ^ https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/julia-roberts-garry-marshall-death-915017/. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  30. ^ "'The Happy Days of Garry Marshall': ABC honors late star". KABC-TV. May 12, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  31. ^ "Past Recipients". Wif.org. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
  32. ^ "Garry Marshall, Legendary Hollywood Producer, Director and Writer, Dies at 81". NBC News. July 20, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  33. ^ "Garry Marshall Inducted into NAB Hall of Fame". Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  34. ^ "Writer-Producer-Director Garry Marshall to Receive 2014 WGAW Television Laurel Award". awards.wga.org. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  35. ^ Pedersen, Erik (July 20, 2016). "Garry Marshall Dies: 'Happy Days' Creator & 'Pretty Woman' Helmer Was 81". Retrieved July 20, 2016.

Further reading[edit]

  • Marshall, Garry (1995). Wake Me When It's Funny: How to Break into Show Business and Stay There. Newmarket Press. ISBN 1-55704-288-8.

External links[edit]