1895 in animation
Events in 1895 in animation.
Events[edit]
- August 28: Release of the film The Execution of Mary Stuart, directed by Alfred Clark. It is the first known film to use special effects, specifically the stop trick. Stop motion is closely related to the stop trick, in which the camera is temporarily stopped during the recording of a scene to create a change before filming is continued (or for which the cause of the change is edited out of the film). In the resulting film, the change will be sudden and a logical cause of the change will be mysteriously absent or replaced with a fake cause that is suggested in the scene. The technique of stop motion can be interpreted as repeatedly applying the stop trick. [1][2][3]
Births[edit]
March[edit]
- March 4: Milt Gross, American cartoonist and animator (Bray Productions, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, Screen Gems, adapted his comic strip Count Screwloose into two animated short films), (d. 1953).[4][5][6][7]
April[edit]
- April 22: Margaret J. Winkler, American animation producer and film distributor, credited as the first woman to produce and distribute animated films, (Pat Sullivan, Fleischer Brothers, Walt Disney, founder of Screen Gems) and wife of Charles Mintz, (d. 1990).[8][9][10][11][12][13]
- April 30: Verena Ruegg, American animator, camerawoman, and painter, (worked in the ink and paint department of both the Walt Disney Studios and Warner Bros. Cartoons, camerawoman for the animation process during World War II), (d. 1973).[14][15][16]
May[edit]
- May 19: Albert Hay Malotte, American pianist, organist, composer and educator (Walt Disney Animation Studios), (d. 1964).[17][18]
- May 21: Ben Hardaway, American animator (Looney Tunes, worked for Walter Lantz), (d. 1957).[19][20][21]
June[edit]
- June 14: Cliff Edwards, American singer, musician and actor (voice of Jiminy Cricket in Pinocchio, Fun and Fancy Free and From All of Us to All of You, and Jim Crow in Dumbo), (d. 1971).[22][23]
November[edit]
- November 4:
- Jack King, American animator, film director and comics artist (J.R. Bray, International Film Service, Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Cartoons), (d. 1958).[24][25][26]
- Ben Sharpsteen, American animation director and film producer, (sequence director for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, supervising director for Pinocchio and Dumbo, production supervisor for Fantasia, Fun and Fancy Free, Melody Time, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, Cinderella, and Alice in Wonderland), (d. 1980).[27][28]
October[edit]
- October 20: Rex Ingram, American actor (narrator in John Henry and the Inky-Poo), (d. 1969).[29][30]
References[edit]
- ^ "Romeo and Juliet". Romeo and Juliet. 2012-06-15. doi:10.5040/9781580819015.01.
- ^ Crafton, Donald (July 14, 2014). Emile Cohl, Caricature, and Film. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400860715 – via Google Books.
- ^ Richard Rickitt: Special Effects: The History and Technique, Billboard Books; 2nd edition, 2007; ISBN 0-8230-8408-6
- ^ "MILT GROSS DEAD; NOTED CARTOONIST; ' Nize Baby' Stories, Drawings Brought Him Success and Influenced U. S. Slang (Published 1953)". The New York Times. 1953-12-01. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-11-06.
- ^ Markstein, Don. "Milt Gross". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Retrieved 2006-10-25.
- ^ Cohen (2004), p. 40
- ^ "MichaelBarrier.com -- Interviews: John Hubley". www.michaelbarrier.com. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
- ^ "Margaret Winkler Mintz; Distributor of Animated Films". Los Angeles Times. June 24, 1990. Archived from the original on January 18, 2012.
- ^ Merritt and Kaufman. pg. 15-16
- ^ Maltin. pg. 23
- ^ Austin, Daryl (December 21, 2019). "The story of the Hungarian immigrant who funded Walt Disney". Newsweek. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
- ^ Johnson, Mindy (2017). Ink & paint: the women of Walt Disney's animation. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-4847-2781-2. OCLC 968290213.
- ^ "History of Gems". Los Angeles Times. June 12, 1999. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
- ^ Downey, Lynn (2019-09-12). Arequipa Sanatorium: Life in California's Lung Resort for Women. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 107–108. ISBN 978-0-8061-6511-0.
- ^ Adamson, Joe (1990). Bugs Bunny : fifty years and only one grey hare. Internet Archive. New York : Henry Holt and Company. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-8050-1190-6.
- ^ "Lady Lenser". Variety. October 14, 1942. p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
- ^ "Albert Hay Malotte Dies at 69; Set 'The Lord's Prayer' to Music". The New York Times. November 18, 1964.
- ^ Bartolomé Llorens Peset, Fiesta en Purchena: Los Juegos Moriscos de Aben Humeya en la obra del compositor estadounidense Albert Hay Malotte. Ayuntamiento de Purchena: Almería, 2013.
- ^ "Bugs Hardaway of Battery D |". cartoonresearch.com. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
- ^ "Death List of Notables". Leader Herald. Associated Press. 1957.
- ^ "Cartoon Creator Dies". The Kingston Daily Freeman. Associated Press. 1957-02-06. p. 23. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
- ^ New York Times (July 22, 1971). "Cliff Edwards, 76, 'Ukulele Ike' Of Stage and Film, Dies on Coast". nytimes.com. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ "Disney First Christmas Special". Tvparty.com. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ "Jack King". lambiek.net.
- ^ Barrier (2003), Warner Bros., pp. unnumbered pages
- ^ Lenburg (2006), pp. 179-180
- ^ "Disney Legends - D23". Retrieved February 21, 2017.
- ^ "Home - History Museum - Field Trip - Fun Events - Calistoga CA - Sharpsteen Museum". Retrieved February 21, 2017.
- ^ "Rex Ingrain, the Actor, Dies in Hollywood at 73. His Portrayal of De Lawd in 'Green Pastures' Hailed. Medical School Graduate". The New York Times. September 20, 1969. Retrieved 2012-11-17.
- ^ "Veteran Actor Rex Ingram Died of Heart Attack". Jet. Vol. 36, no. 26. 1969-10-02. p. 56.
Sources[edit]
- Barrier, Michael (2003), "Warner Bros., 1933-1940", Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199839223
- Cohen, Karl F. (2004), "Censorship of Theatrical Animation", Forbidden Animation: Censored Cartoons and Blacklisted Animators in America, McFarland & Company, ISBN 978-0786420322
- Lenburg, Jeff (2006), "King, Jack", Who's who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film and Television's Award-Winning and Legendary Animators, Hal Leonard Corporation, ISBN 978-1557836717
- Leonard Maltin; Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons; Penguin Books; ISBN 0-452-25993-2 (1980, 1987)
- Russell Merritt and J. B. Kaufman; Walt in Wonderland: The Silent Films of Walt Disney; Johns Hopkins University Press; ISBN 0-8018-4907-1 (paperback, 1993)