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The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from the extinct Pleistocene wolf; the gray wolf is the dog's closest living relative. The dog was the first species to be domesticated by humans. Experts estimate that hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.

The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Dog breeds vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship, therapy, and aiding disabled people. Over the millennia, dogs became uniquely adapted to human behavior, and the human–canine bond has been a topic of frequent study. This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet of "man's best friend". (Full article...)

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Boston Terrier with a black brindle coat

The Boston Terrier is a breed of dog originating in the United States of America. This "American Gentleman" was accepted in 1893 by the American Kennel Club as a non-sporting breed. Boston Terriers are small and compact with a short tail and erect ears.

The Boston Terrier ranked as the 24th most popular breed in registrations with the American Kennel Club in 2022. (Full article...)

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Retrievers, such as this Labrador Retriever, are a type of gun dog bred to retrieve downed birds from water or land. Although spaniels and some pointing breeds routinely retrieve game, retrievers are skilled in finding game, and are distinguished in that non-slip retrieval is their primary function. As a result, retriever breeds are bred for "soft" mouths and a great willingness to please, learn, and obey. A soft mouth refers to the willingness of the dog to carry game without damaging it. Retrievers are often selected as family pets, and many suburban dogs end up retrieving newspapers and sticks like this dog.

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A photograph of Charles Cruft, published in 1902

Charles Alfred Cruft (28 June 1852 – 10 September 1938) was a British showman who founded the Crufts dog show. Charles first became involved with dogs when he began to work at Spratt's, a manufacturer of dog biscuits. He rose to the position of general manager, and whilst working for Spratt's in France he was invited to run his first dog show at the 1878 Exposition Universelle. After running dog shows in London for four years, he ran his first Cruft's dog show in 1891, and continued to run a further 45 shows until his death in 1938, as well as running two cat shows in 1894 and 1895. He was involved in a range of dog breed clubs, including that for Schipperkes, Pugs and Borzois. He and his wife upheld a story that they never owned a dog, and instead owned a cat, however Cruft admitted to owning at least one Saint Bernard in his memoirs, published posthumously. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various dog-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1A labradoodle puppy and a Golden Retriever puppy playing together. (from Puppy)
Image 2The difference in body size between a Cane Corso (Italian mastiff) and a Yorkshire Terrier is over 30-fold; both are members of the same species. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 3External anatomy (topography) of a typical dog: 1. Head 2. Muzzle 3. Dewlap (throat, neck skin) 4. Shoulder 5. Elbow 6. Forefeet 7. Croup (rump) 8. Leg (thigh and hip) 9. Hock 10. Hind feet 11. Withers 12. Stifle 13. Paws 14. Tail (from Dog anatomy)
Image 4NASA astronaut Leland D. Melvin with his dogs Jake and Scout (from Dog behavior)
Image 5An 1897 illustration showing a range of European dog breeds (from Dog breed)
Image 6Australian Cattle Dog puppy (from Puppy)
Image 7Montage showing the coat variation of dogs. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 8Dog knee (from Dog anatomy)
Image 9West Highland White Terrier puppies (from Puppy)
Image 10Newborn Welsh Springer Spaniels (from Puppy)
Image 11Reduction in size under selective breeding – grey wolf and chihuahua skulls (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 12A mongrel puppy (from Puppy)
Image 13Cave wolf skull, Natural History Museum, Berlin (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 14Montage showing the morphological variation of the dog. (from Dog breed)
Image 15Skeleton of a dog:
1. Cranium
2. Maxilla
3. Mandible
4. Atlas
5. Axis
6. Scapula
7. Spine of scapula
8. Humerus
9. Radius
10. Ulna
11. Phalanges
12. Metacarpal bones
13. Carpal bones
14. Sternum
15. Cartilaginous part of the rib
16. Ribs
17. Phalanges
18. Metatarsal bones
19. Tarsal Bones
20. Calcaneus
21. Fibula
22. Tibia
23. Patella
24. Femur
25. Ischium
26. Pelvis
(from Dog anatomy)
Image 16Petroglyph depicting two dogs hunting – Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 17A little mongrel puppy on the shore, on Halong Bay (from Puppy)
Image 18Example of a dog making prolonged eye contact with a human (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 19Diagram of a wolf skull with key features labelled (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 20Tesem, an ancient Egyptian sight-hound (from Dog breed)
Image 21Chihuahua mix and purebred Great Dane (from Dog breed)
Image 22The nose of a dog (from Dog anatomy)
Image 23Lateral view of a dog skull, jaw closed (from Dog anatomy)
Image 24The dog's retina shows the optic disc and the eye's vasculature. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 25Two Shih Tzu puppies (from Puppy)
Image 26The Greenland dog carries 3.5% genetic material inherited from a 35,000-year-old wolf from the Taymyr Peninsula, Arctic Siberia. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 27The difference in overall body size between a Cane Corso (Italian mastiff) and a Yorkshire terrier is over 30-fold, yet both are members of the same species. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 28Basenji puppy (from Puppy)
Image 29A drawing by Konrad Lorenz showing facial expressions of a dog - a communication behavior. X-axis is aggression, y-axis is fear. (from Dog behavior)
Image 30Scent-rolling (from Dog behavior)
Image 31Lateral view of a dog skeleton (from Dog anatomy)
Image 32Bloodhound puppy (from Puppy)
Image 33Puggle puppy (from Puppy)
Image 34Cart dogs, c. 1900; different in appearance but doing the same work (from Dog type)
Image 35Schematic anatomy of the ear. In dogs, the ear canal has a "L" shape, with the vertical canal (first half) and the horizontal canal (deeper half, ending with the eardrum) (from Dog anatomy)
Image 36Sled dog types, sketched in 1833 (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 37Cavapoo puppy (from Puppy)
Image 38A wolf mandible diagram showing the names and positions of the teeth (from Dog anatomy)
Image 39Mammoth bone dwelling, Mezhirich site, Ukraine (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 40Basset Hound (from Puppy)
Image 41Sled dog types, sketched in 1833 (from Dog breed)
Image 42Mandible of the oldest recognised dog discovered in Bonn-Oberkassel, Germany, and dated 14,200 years old (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 43The dog diverged from a now-extinct population of wolves 27,000–40,000 years ago immediately before the Last Glacial Maximum, when much of the mammoth steppe was cold and dry. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 44Frontal view of a dog skull (from Dog anatomy)
Image 45Golden Retriever puppy (from Puppy)
Image 46Chihuahua puppy (from Puppy)
Image 47St. Bernard puppy (from Puppy)
Image 48Jack Russell Terrier puppy (from Puppy)
Image 49Bison surrounded by grey wolf pack (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 50President Lyndon B. Johnson with a basket of puppies in 1966 (from Puppy)
Image 51Sled dogs, 1833 (from Dog type)
Image 52Watercolor tracing made by archaeologist Henri Breuil from a cave painting of a wolf-like canid, Font-de-Gaume, France, dated 19,000 years ago (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 53A dog's teeth (from Dog anatomy)
Image 54German Spitz puppy (from Puppy)
Image 55"Five different types of dogs", c. 1547. (from Dog breed)
Image 56A dog's whiskers (from Dog anatomy)
Image 57Newborn Basenji puppies (from Puppy)
Image 58An extinct Turnspit dog, 1800 (from Dog type)
Image 59Lateral view of a dog skull, jaw opened (from Dog anatomy)

Did you know (auto-generated) - show different entries

... that Karen B. Westerfield Tucker, who both edited and contributed to The Oxford History of Christian Worship, also served as a dog show judge?
... that New Zealand's election mascot Orange Guy has a pet dog named Pup?
... that a flat on London's Cadogan Lane has been described as "one of the happiest turn-on centres there's ever been" due to experiments with LSD done there?
... that Pietro Badoer was banished twice, poisoned one of his three wives, but declined an offer for a coup to make him doge?
... that Pyrenean Mountain Dogs were urgently introduced onto French farms in the 1990s to protect flocks from wolves that had arrived from Italy?
... that Victoria Desintonio successfully proposed a "citizen observatory" watchdog to reduce gender violence in Ecuador?

More did you know... - show different entries

...that Laurence Mancuso was the founding abbot of the Eastern Orthodox monastic community of New Skete (pictured), which is known for its dog training?
...that "On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog" is the most reproduced cartoon from The New Yorker magazine, and its title a phrase still used around the world?
...that the famous quote "No man who hates dogs and children can be all bad" generally attributed to Leo Rosten was actually first used in 1930 by future war correspondent Byron Darnton?
...that the expressions 'top dog' and 'underdog' may originate with the two sawyers in a saw pit?

...that Fred Gipson was an American author best remembered for creating a fictional dog featured in a book and the classic 1957 movie Old Yeller?
...that Pal, owned by animal trainers Frank and Rudd Weatherwax, was the name of the first dog to portray Lassie?
...that fans in the Dawg Pound at Cleveland Browns Stadium used to throw dog food at opposing players?
...that the sled dog Togo is considered one of the heroes commemorated by the Iditarod dog sled race which is currently running across the U.S. state of Alaska?

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Stubs : Aksaray Malaklisi, Alopekis, Argentine pila dog, Armant (dog), Banjara Hound, Barbado da Terceira, Braque Dupuy, Bruno Jura Hound, Bulgarian Scenthound, Cane Lupino del Gigante, Cane Paratore, Cantabrian Water Dog, Český fousek, Faroese Sheepdog, Georgian Shepherd, German Spitz Mittel, Gończy Polski, Grand Griffon Vendéen, Himalayan Sheepdog, Hygen Hound, Indian Spitz, Japanese Terrier, Kaikadi (dog), Koyun dog, Kumaon Mastiff, Levriero Italiano, Mahratta Hound, Majorca Ratter, Montenegrin Mountain Hound, Northern Inuit Dog, Phu Quoc Ridgeback, Plummer Terrier, Porcelaine, Pyrenean Mastiff, Rampur Greyhound, Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog, Sapsali, Sarabi dog, Sardinian Shepherd Dog, Schweizer Laufhund, Segugio Italiano, Segugio Maremmano, Segugio dell'Appennino, Sinhala Hound, Slovak Cuvac, South Russian Ovcharka, St. Hubert Jura Hound, Stichelhaar, Taigan, Tazy, Telomian, Treeing Cur, Vikhan Sheepdog, Villano de las Encartaciones, Villanuco de Las Encartaciones, White Shepherd, White Swiss Shepherd Dog, Xiasi Dog More stubs...
Other : Tag and assess "dog" articles with {{WikiProject Dogs}} banner. See also Dog breeds WikiProject to do list.

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