Porsgrunn

Coordinates: 59°6′56″N 9°42′36″E / 59.11556°N 9.71000°E / 59.11556; 9.71000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the municipality in Telemark, Norway. For the city within this municipality, see Porsgrunn (town). For other uses, see Porsgrunn (disambiguation).
Porsgrunn Municipality
Porsgrunn kommune
Municipality
Porsgrund  (historic name)
View of the town of Porsgrunn
View of the town of Porsgrunn
Coat of arms of Porsgrunn Municipality
Coat of arms
Telemark within Norway
Telemark within Norway
Porsgrunn within Telemark
Porsgrunn within Telemark
Coordinates: 59°6′56″N 9°42′36″E / 59.11556°N 9.71000°E / 59.11556; 9.71000
CountryNorway
CountyTelemark
DistrictGrenland
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centrePorsgrunn
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Janicke Andreassen (Ap)
Area
 • Total164.45 km2 (63.49 sq mi)
 • Land160.78 km2 (62.08 sq mi)
 • Water3.67 km2 (1.42 sq mi)  2.2%
 • Rank#315 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total37,056
 • Rank#29 in Norway
 • Density230.5/km2 (597/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +4.7%
DemonymsPorsgrunnsfolk
Porsgrunnsmann
Porsgrunnskvinne[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4001[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Porsgrunnⓘ is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Grenland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Porsgrunn. Some other notable settlements in Porsgrunn include the town of Brevik and the villages of Langangen and Heistad.[4]

The 164-square-kilometre (63 sq mi) municipality is the 315th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Porsgrunn is the 29th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 37,056. The municipality's population density is 230.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (597/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.7% over the previous 10-year period.[5][6] The conurbation of the cities of Porsgrunn and Skien is called Porsgrunn/Skien by Statistics Norway and it is considered to be the seventh-largest urban area in Norway.

General information[edit]

View of the Langangen area
View of the town of Brevik in Porsgrunn Municipality

The town of Porsgrunn was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). The small urban town of Porsgrunn grew over time. On 1 July 1920, the growing town annexed some adjacent areas of some of the neighboring rural municipalities: an area of Gjerpen Municipality (population: 437), an area of Eidanger Municipality (population: 550), and an area of Solum Municipality (population: 1,614).[7]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, there was a major municipal merger where the following areas were merged to form a new Porsgrunn Municipality.[7]

On 1 January 1968, an area of Skien Municipality (population: 3,554) was transferred to Porsgrunn Municipality (these areas had originally been part of Solum and Gjerpen municipalities).[7]

Name[edit]

The place is first mentioned in existing historical records in 1576 ("Porsgrund") by the writer Peder Claussøn Friis in his work Concerning the Kingdom of Norway (see the article: Norwegian literature). He writes: "Two and a half miles from the sea, the Skien River flows into the fjord, and that place is called Porsgrund." The name was probably given during medieval times to the then swampy area by the nuns of Gimsøy Abbey, who went here to collect the shrub pors ("Bog Myrtle"). The last element of the name grunn which means "ground".[4] The name was historically spelled Porsgrund. On 1 January 1930, the spelling of the name of the municipality was changed to Porsgrunn, giving it a more "Norwegianized" spelling.[8]

Coat of arms[edit]

The coat of arms was originally granted on 16 January 1905 for the town of Porsgrunn. The arms were originally devised in 1905 when the city needed a new city hall. After the municipal merger on 1 January 1964, the old arms were re-adopted by the new, larger Porsgrunn Municipality. The blazon is "Gules and azure, a bend between a bog myrtle branch and an anchor argent" (Norwegian: Delt av sølv skråbjelke. Øvre felt i rødt en sølv pors-kvist, nedre felt i blått et sølv anker). This means the arms have a red (above) and blue (below) field (background) and the charge is a diagonal bend (stripe) with an anchor below it and the branch of a bog myrtle plant above it. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The silver bend (stripe) symbolizes the small river running through the city. The bog myrtle plant is a canting symbol since the name Porsgrunn comes from the Norwegian word for the plant. The anchor on a blue background symbolizes the importance of the local harbor and sea. The arms were designed by Wilhelm Rudolph.[9][10]

Churches[edit]

Østre Porsgrunn Church

The Church of Norway has two parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Porsgrunn. It is part of the Skien prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.

Churches in Porsgrunn
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Eidanger Brevik Church Brevik 1963
Eidanger Church Eidanger c. 1150
Herøya Church Porsgrunn 1957
Langangen Church Langangen 1891
Stridsklev Church Porsgrunn 2000
Porsgrunn Vestre Porsgrunn Church Porsgrunn 1758
Østre Porsgrunn Church Porsgrunn 2019

History[edit]

Porsgrunn City Hall

Porsgrunn has been an important harbor town in the Grenland area since the late 16th century. In 1653, the Customs House was moved further down the Skien river from Skien to Porsgrunn mainly because industrial waste such as sawdust and mud made the river too shallow to allow boats to go any further up the river.[11] Moving the Custom House to Porsgrunn added to the flourishing harbor activity and Porsgrunn became a thriving market town with a ladested status.[12][13][14]

In the 18th century, Porsgrunn was the home of some of Norway's most influential families at the time, such as the Aalls, Cappelens, Løvenskiolds, and Deichmans. Also in this period, Porsgrunn was considered the cultural centre of Norway. The city was granted limited city status as a kjøpstad in 1807. The town was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838, and it was expanded to full city status in 1842.[12][13][14]

Porsgrunn was once home to Skomvær, the country's largest sailing ship. In 1985, the sculpture Amphitrite, the wave and the sea birds was unveiled in Porsgrunn. The sculpture, which is one of Jørleif Uthaug's best known works, has a nautical theme in honor of Porsgrunn's maritime history.

Geography[edit]

The river flowing through the town

Porsgrunn Municipality borders the municipalities of Skien and Siljan to the north, Bamble in the west, and Larvik in the east. It is part of a cluster of municipalities in southern Telemark that constitute the Grenland area of Norway. The Frierfjorden, Gunnekleivfjorden, and the mouth of the river Telemarksvassdraget or Porsgrunn River (Porsgrunnselva) are located in the western part of the municipality. The peninsula of Herøya, southeast of the main city centre, was originally an industrial park and has grown into a suburb of Porsgrunn. The Eidangerfjorden runs through the central part of the municipality.

Government[edit]

Porsgrunn Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[15] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Telemark District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Municipal council[edit]

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Porsgrunn is made up of 49 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2023–2027 [16]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 6
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 12
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Red Party (Rødt) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2019–2023 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 18
  People's Action No to More Road Tolls (Folkeaksjonen nei til mer bompenger) 1
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Red Party (Rødt) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2015–2019 [18][19]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 20
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Red Party (Rødt) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 City and Neighborhood Party (By og Nærmiljøpartiet)3
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2011–2015 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 16
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Red Party (Rødt) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 City and Neighborhood Party (By og Nærmiljøpartiet)9
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2007–2011 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
 City List (Bylista)1
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2003–2007 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1999–2003 [19][21]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 21
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1995–1999 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1991–1995 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 24
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 14
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 12
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1987–1991 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 32
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 15
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1983–1987 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 37
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 16
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Carl I. Hagen's election list (Carl I. Hagens folkevalgte)1
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1979–1983 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 35
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 17
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1975–1979 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 32
  Anders Lange's Party (Anders Langes parti) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 10
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1971–1975 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 32
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 11
 Socialist common list (Venstresosialistiske felleslister)3
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1967–1971 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 33
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 13
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1963–1967 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 35
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 12
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn bystyre 1959–1963 [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:45
Porsgrunn bystyre 1955–1959 [32]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 9
Total number of members:45
Porsgrunn bystyre 1951–1955 [33]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
Total number of members:44
Porsgrunn bystyre 1947–1951 [34]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and the Radical People's Party (Radikale Folkepartiet) 10
Total number of members:44
Porsgrunn bystyre 1945–1947 [35]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:44
Porsgrunn bystyre 1937–1940* [36]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:44
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.
Porsgrunn bystyre 1934–1937 [37]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 16
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Nasjonal Samling Party (Nasjonal Samling) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
Total number of members:44
Porsgrunn bystyre 1931–1934 [38]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 15
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 14
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 9
Total number of members:44
Porsgrund bystyre 1928–1931 [39]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 13
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:44
Porsgrund bystyre 1925–1928 [40]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 1
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 16
  Social Democratic Labour Party
(Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti)		 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
 Workers' Common List (Arbeidernes fellesliste)9
Total number of members:44
Porsgrund bystyre 1922–1925 [41]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 19
  Social Democratic Labour Party
(Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti)		 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:44

Mayors[edit]

The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Porsgrunn (incomplete list):[42]

Industry[edit]

Porsgrunn is an important center of industry and has a long history of heavy industry. Important industries in Porsgrunn include:

Transportation[edit]

Transportation links from Porsgrunn:

Notable people[edit]

Main category: People from Porsgrunn
Cort Adeler
Severin Løvenskiold, 1854

Public service and public thinking[edit]

Business[edit]

The Arts[edit]

Halfdan Christensen, ca.1940

Sport[edit]

Rune Jarstein, 2019

Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway

Porsgrunn is twinned with:[46]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ a b Nilsen, Jan Erik, ed. (15 August 2023). "Porsgrunn". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
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  11. ^ ""Historien vår"-byhistorisk utstilling" (in Norwegian). Porsgrunn Kommune. Retrieved 16 June 2007.
  12. ^ a b Tønnessen, Johan N. (1956–1957). Porsgrunns historie (in Norwegian).
  13. ^ a b Moseng, Ole Georg (2006). Porsgrunns historie . Bind I . Byen i emning (in Norwegian). ISBN 9788299738811.
  14. ^ a b Schrumpf, Ellen (2006). Porsgrunns historie . Bind II . Byen ved elva (in Norwegian). ISBN 9788299738804.
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  23. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. ISBN 8253737939. ISSN 0332-8023.
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  35. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947.
  36. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938.
  37. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1934" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1935.
  38. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1931" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1932.
  39. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1928" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1929.
  40. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1925" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1926.
  41. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1922" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1923.
  42. ^ Lund, Carl (1907). Porsgrunn 1807–1907: Et Hundreaars Minde (in Norwegian). Porsgrund, Norge: Brødrene Dyrings Bogtrykkeri. ISBN 9781286334409.
  43. ^ Øverbø, Solfrid Leirgul (25 September 2023). "Hun blir Porsgrunns nye ordfører: – Alle skal få noe". NRK (in Norwegian). Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  44. ^ Tone Schwarzott at IMDb. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  45. ^ Yngvar Numme at IMDb. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  46. ^ "Vennskapskommuner for Porsgrunn og Brevik" (in Norwegian). Porsgrunn kommune. Retrieved 17 January 2009.

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