No. 33 Squadron RAF
| No. 33 Squadron RAF | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Active | 12 January 1916 – 1 April 1918 (RFC) 1 April 1918 – 13 June 1919 (RAF) 1 March 1929 – 31 March 1955 15 December 1955 – 3 June 1957 30 September 1957 – 17 December 1962 1 March 1965 – 30 January 1970 14 June 1971 – present |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  Royal Air Force |
| Type | Flying squadron |
| Role | Helicopter medium-lift support |
| Part of | Joint Helicopter Command |
| Home station | RAF Benson |
| Motto(s) | Loyalty[1] |
| Aircraft | Airbus Helicopters Puma HC2 |
| Battle honours | *Honours marked with an asterisk may be emblazoned on the Squadron Standard |
| Commanders | |
| Officer Commanding | Wg Cdr S P Fletcher MVO MA RAF[2] |
| Notable commanders | Hector McGregor (Sep 1938 – Jan 1940) Marmaduke Pattle (Mar – Apr 1941) |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron badge heraldry | A hart's head affrontée, couped at the neck, developed from an unofficial emblem produced in the early 1930s when the squadron introduced the famous Hawker Hart into service. Approved by King Edward VIII in May 1936. |
| Squadron Roundel |  |
| Squadron codes | SO (Sep 1938 – May 1939) TN (May 1939 – Sep 1939) NW (Sep 1939 – May 1941) 5R (Apr 1944 – Apr 1951) CA–CZ (Pumas) |
Number 33 Squadron of the Royal Air Force operates the Airbus Helicopters Puma HC.2 from RAF Benson, Oxfordshire.
History[edit]
First World War[edit]
No. 33 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps was formed from part of No. 12 Squadron at Filton on 12 January 1916. For the remainder of the First World War the squadron was employed for Home Defence in Lincolnshire, guarding against German airship raids against northern England, being first equipped with Royal Aircraft Factory BE.2s, these being supplemented with Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2s. Its headquarters were at Gainsborough, with its flights based on three stations: RAF Scampton (A Flight), RAF Kirton in Lindsey (B Flight) and RAF Elsham Wolds (C Flight). The FE.2s were replaced by Bristol Fighters in June 1918, which were in turn replaced by night fighter Avro 504s in August. The squadron did not destroy any enemy airships, despite a number of interceptions and was disbanded in June 1919.[3]
Between the wars[edit]
The Squadron was reformed at RAF Netheravon on 1 March 1929 as a bomber unit, equipped first with the Hawker Horsley and in February 1930, it became the first squadron to receive the new Hawker Hart, an aircraft faster than the RAF's fighter aircraft. In 1935, as part of Britain's response to the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, the unit moved to Egypt, taking part in air policing in Palestine.[3] In February 1938, the squadron re-equipped with Gloster Gladiators, changing role to a fighter squadron, although at first it continued in support of British ground forces in Palestine.[3][4]
Second World War[edit]
With the exception of a time in Greece and Crete in 1941, 33 Sqn remained in the Middle East for most of World War II. Equipped initially with the Gloster Gladiators they had used in Palestine, the Squadron claimed its first victories of the Second World War on 14 June 1940, while supporting the British capture of Fort Capuzzo, when the squadron shot down an Italian Caproni Ca 310 and a Fiat CR.32.[5] It suffered its first losses of the war five days later in a combat with Fiat CR.42 Falcos, with one Gladiator being shot down in exchange for two Fiats. The squadron re-equipped with Hurricanes in October 1940, allowing it to intercept the Italian SM.79 bombers, which were faster than the Gladiator.[6]
It was withdrawn from the desert fighting in January 1941, in order to help resist the Italian invasion of Greece. From 12 March, Pat Pattle, the leading Commonwealth flying ace, was in command until he was killed in action on 20 April. The squadron was involved in heavy fighting following the German intervention, and had to be withdrawn to Crete on 27 April. Due to continuing heavy losses, the squadron had to amalgamate with No. 80 Squadron RAF and the ground personnel fought hand-to-hand with German paratroopers to protect the airfield.[7] The remnants of 33 Squadron retired to Egypt by the end of May after the Battle of Crete.[6] The Squadron returned to support the Army in the Western Desert, including at the Battle of El Alamein, trading its Hurricanes for Supermarine Spitfires in December 1943.[8]
Returning to the UK in 1944 for Operation Overlord (the Allied invasion of Normandy), the squadron flew the Spitfire IX F from RAF Lympne in Air Defence of Great Britain, though under the operational control of RAF Second Tactical Air Force (2nd TAF).[9] It flew fighter support on D-Day (6 June 1944), then moved to France with 2nd TAF in October 1944, when it concentrated on ground-attack operations. It re-equipped with the Hawker Tempest in December, returning to action from Gilze-Rijen in February 1945, flying fighter sweeps in North West Europe. The squadron remained in Germany until 1949.[10]
Post War operations[edit]
From 1949 to 1970, 33 Squadron spent much of its time in the Far East, based at Kai Tak, Hong Kong, until sent to Kuala Lumpur in Malaya, flying their Tempests in ground attack missions against Communist guerrillas during the Malayan Emergency. It re-equipped with twin-engined de Havilland Hornets in 1951, disbanding in March 1955, having flown 6,150 sorties during its stay in Malaya.[10]
On 15 December 1955, it reformed as a night fighter squadron flying de Havilland Venom NF.2s from RAF Driffield, being disbanded on 3 June 1957 and reformed on 1 October, by renumbering No. 264 Squadron, another night fighter squadron operating Gloster Meteor NF.14s from RAF Leeming.[7] It re-equipped with Gloster Javelins in April 1958, at RAF Middleton St George, being disbanded again on 18 November 1962. A number of types were operated during several disbandments and reformations throughout the late 1950s and early 1960s. In April 1965, No. 33 Squadron became a Bloodhound surface-to-air missile unit based at Butterworth in Malaya, being disbanded on 30 January 1970.[7][11]
The squadron reformed on 14 June 1971 at RAF Odiham as the RAF's first Westland Puma squadron[12] it took part in the Gulf War of 1991, the Kosovo War in the late 1990s, relief operations during the flooding in Mozambique in 2000 and NATO operations in Bosnia in the early 2000s.[13] On 13 June 1997, the squadron moved from Odiham to Benson.[14]
On 8 August 2007, the crash of No. 33 Squadron Puma HC.1 ZA934 left three personnel dead out of twelve on board in Catterick Garrison.[15] The inquest coroner called No. 33 Squadron "a sloppy outfit", that allowed an unqualified crew to operate the helicopter.[16] A recording played at the inquest revealed pilot Dave Sale remarking, "let's scare the shit out of this taxi", before apparently flying 5 feet (1.5 m) above a taxi, an incident that happened two hours prior to the crash, during the same flight.[17] A court-martial of the co-pilot stated that "the officers on this board are shocked at the lack of professional standards displayed by those responsible for the aircraft."[18] The squadron was deployed to Iraq as part of Operation Telic in 2009.[13]
The Puma HC.1 was withdrawn from service and was replaced by the Puma HC.2 in December 2012.[19]
On 11 October 2015, one personnel member of the squadron was killed in an accident in Kabul, Afghanistan, whilst landing at the NATO Training and Support Mission HQ. A Ministry of Defence spokesman said the crash was "an accident and not the result of insurgent activity".[20] The pilot was named a day later, and was repatriated back to the UK on 20 October. The Flight Lieutenant's CO commented saying "He died tragically doing a job he loved and flying an aircraft he had personally invested so much time developing. A loving husband, his loyalty and devotion to his friends, work colleagues and the job was unequalled and his memory and contribution will live on."[21] A post mortem found he died of multiple injuries at an inquest. The inquest was adjourned indefinitely until the conclusion of separate inquiries being undertaken by the Ministry of Defence were completed.[22]
Previous aircraft[edit]
| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 1916 | Nov 1916 | Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 | |
| Nov 1916 | Jun 1918 | Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2 | |
| Jun 1918 | Aug 1918 | Bristol F.2 Fighter | |
| Aug 1918 | Jun 1919 | Avro 504 | |
| Mar 1929 | Feb 1930 | Hawker Horsley | |
| Feb 1930 | Feb 1938 | Hawker Hart | |
| Feb 1938 | Oct 1940 | Gloster Gladiator | |
| Sep 1940 | Dec 1943 | Hawker Hurricane | |
| Feb 1943 | Dec 1944 | Supermarine Spitfire | |
| Dec 1944 | Nov 1945 | Hawker Tempest | Tempest V |
| Nov 1945 | 1946 | Supermarine Spitfire | |
| 1946 | 1951 | Hawker Tempest | Tempest F.2 |
| 1951 | Mar 1955 | de Havilland Hornet | |
| Oct 1955 | Jun 1957 | de Havilland Venom | NF.2 |
| Oct 1955 | Jan 1957 | Gloster Meteor | NF.14 |
| Jul 1958 | Nov 1962 | Gloster Javelin | FAW.7 |
| March 1965 | Jan 1970 | Bristol Bloodhound | (Missile) |
| June 1971 | Dec 2012 | Westland Puma | HC.1 |
| Sep 2012 | Date | Airbus Helicopters Puma[23] | HC.2 |
Memorials[edit]
There is a Royal Air Force (RAF) memorial in Crete to the airmen of 30 and 33 Squadrons who died during the battle of Crete. The memorial is located behind the roadside hedge between Maleme and Tavronitis overlooking the (35°31′36″N 23°49′32″E / 35.526625°N 23.825604°E) Iron Bridge across the Tavronitis River and the end of Maleme Airport runway.[24]
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Pine, L.G. (1983). A dictionary of mottoes (1 ed.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 131. ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
- ^ "RAF 33 Squadron Marks 100 Years". Helis.com. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ a b c Rawlings 1970, p. 327.
- ^ Gustavsson, Håkan. "Gloster Gladiator in 33 RAF Squadron service". Biplane Fighter Aces from the Second World War. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
- ^ Playfair, 1954, p. 113.
- ^ a b Rawlings 1970, p.328.
- ^ a b c "No. 33 Squadron". www.nationalcoldwarexhibition.org. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
- ^ Rawlings 1970, pp.328–329.
- ^ Delve, p. 137.
- ^ a b Rawlings 1970 p.329.
- ^ Rawlings, 1970, pp. 329–330.
- ^ a b "33 Squadron proud to celebrate centenary year". 14 January 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
- ^ March 1998, p. 86.
- ^ "Puma ZA934 Service Inquiry" (PDF). gov.uk. Ministry of Defence. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
- ^ "Crash squadron a 'sloppy outfit'". BBC News. 6 October 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
- ^ "Crash pilot 'flew 5ft above taxi'". BBC News. 20 October 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- ^ "RAF helicopter crash co-pilot spared jail". BBC News. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
- ^ "UK MoD receives first upgraded Puma HC2." Archived 2012-10-16 at the Wayback Machine Flightglobal, 13 September 2012. Retrieved: 5 January 2013
- ^ "RAF helicopter crash: Five Nato staff die in Afghanistan". BBC News. 11 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ^ "Flight Lieutenants Alan Scott and Geraint Roberts have died - Fatality notice - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ^ "UPDATE: Inquest into deaths of two RAF Benson airmen opens". Herald Series. 27 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ^ "Puma HC2". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "RAF Memorial Maleme". Traces of War. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Bibliography[edit]
- Delve, K. D-Day: The Air Battle, London, UK: Arms & Armour Press, 1994, ISBN 1-85409-227-8.
- Halley, J. J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force. Tonbridge, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1980. ISBN 0-85130-083-9.
- March, P. (1998). Royal Air Force Yearbook 1998. Fairford, UK: Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund.
- Moyes, P. Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and Their Aircraft. London, UK, Macdonald and Jane's, 1964, Second revised edition 1976. ISBN 0-354-01027-1.
- Playfair, I. S. O.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; with Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.) & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2009) [1st. pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J. (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy, to May 1941. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84574-065-8.
- Rawlings J. D. R. "History of No. 33 Squadron". Air Pictorial, September 1970, Vol. 32 No. 9. pp. 327–330.
- Rawlings, J. D. R. Fighter Squadrons of the RAF and Their Aircraft. London, UK, Macdonald and Jane's, 1969, Second revised edition 1976. ISBN 0-354-01028-X.
External links[edit]
