Church of St Peter ad Vincula, Thornaby-on-Tees

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Coordinates: 54°32′28″N 1°18′18″W / 54.541°N 1.305°W / 54.541; -1.305
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Church of St Peter, Thornaby
Church of St Peter ad Vincula, Thornaby
Old Church of St Peter
St Peter's Church, Thornaby
Image of old church building with a tree obscuring the right end
Thornaby, Old St Peters
Map
54°32′28″N 1°18′18″W / 54.541°N 1.305°W / 54.541; -1.305
OS grid referenceNZ460164
LocationThornaby-on-Tees, North Yorkshire
CountryEngland
DenominationChurch of England
WebsiteOfficial webpage
History
DedicationSt Peter (in chains)
Architecture
Functional statusActive
StyleNorman
Specifications
Length40 feet (12 m)
Width17 feet 6 inches (5.33 m)
Administration
DioceseYork
ArchdeaconryCleveland
DeaneryMiddlesbrough
BeneficeSouth Thornaby
ParishSt. Mark and St. Peter ad Vincula South Thornaby
Listed Building – Grade II*
Designated19 January 1951
Reference no.1139917

The Church of St Peter ad Vincula, Thornaby, is an Anglican church in Thornaby, North Yorkshire, England. The structure, which is grade II* listed, is dated to the 12th century, replacing an earlier building on the same site. The church is noted for being the supposed baptismal location of Grace Pace, Captain Cook's mother.

Historically the church was known as St Mary's, but was rededicated to St Peter ad Vincula after an early twentieth century renovation. It is sometimes referred to as the Old Church of St Peter, as the newer development of South Stockton, later known as Thornaby-on-Tees, had a new church built to accommodate its growing population.

History[edit]

The Domesday Book states that Thornaby had a church in 1086, however, the current structure has been dated to the 12th century.[1] Originally dedicated to St Mary Magdalen(e), it was rededicated as St Peter ad Vincula (St Peter in Chains) after the basilica of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome.[2] The rededication occurred in 1908, just after it underwent a major renovation.[3]

In 1495, when the church was dedicated to St Mary Magdalene, the church was tied to the priory at Guisborough. The income from the church and that of an agricultural cottage and land nearby, paid for the five lamps that lit the church and the surrounding green. The five lamps were placed there to light a shrine to St Mary (the dedication) by Robert de Thormodbi, who suffered a severe wounding during a Crusade encounter at Acre in the 13th century.[4] de Thormodbi swore that if he survived his wounding, he would build a shrine to St Mary.[5][6]

The church is located on high ground just east of the River Tees and formed part of the ancient village of Thornaby, on what is now Thornaby Green.[7][8] The old village of Thornaby, was centred around the church, supposedly the oldest building in the area, and a few houses built around it, with a long village green.[9][10] The industrialisation on the Tees meant a newer settlement (originally called South Stockton), developed further north but on the south side of the river. This led to another church being built in Thornaby-on-Tees (as South Stockton was later rechristened), as the Church of St Peter could only seat 80 people.[11][12][note 1] St Peter's was historically described as being a chapel, or a chapel of ease as it was often within another parish.[14][15]

A prevailing local legend states that Grace Pace, the mother of Captain Cook, was baptised in the church.[16] Whilst it its known that she was born and lived in what was the village of Thornaby, some have pointed out that at the time of her baptism, (c. 1702), the church was not the mother building in the parish and most likely, baptisms, marriages and funerals were held elsewhere.[17] However, the church retains an original Norman font, so baptisms are assumed to have been undertaken at some point in the history of the church.[4]

Originally in the parish of Stainton, the church became the mother church of its own parish (Thornaby-on-Tees) in 1844,[18] but this was quite short, as by 1858, St Pauls church in Thornaby became the mother church for the parish.[19] In 1869, the 6-acre (2.4 ha) graveyard was officially opened[20] (the earliest listed burial being 1746),[21] only to close to burials in 1870.[3] However, burials still continued of those who had close relatives interred in the churchyard, so that they "might have the privilege of being buried there on their decease [sic]."[22] Some burials are listed for St Peter's up to 1905.[23]

In the 1970s, the lych gate was removed and the area around the church was landscaped which removed most of the headstones to the edges of the churchyard.[4][24]

Architecture[edit]

The original design of the building was in the Norman Romanesque style, and the church itself consists of one single room,[10][25] 40 feet (12 m) in length by 17 feet 6 inches (5.33 m).[26] The thickness of the outer walls vary from side to side, though some do hold evidence of pre-conquest architecture.[27] Some of the stones in the south wall show evidence of re-use; at least two have dials cut into them representing twenty-four hours.[28] The two buttresses on the east facing wall, were added in the 15th century when the church was renovated, with a bellcote, situated at the west end of the church, dating from around the same time.[28][29] Internally, the design of the columns and the roof has crossed leaves, something which is rare in North Yorkshire, being recognised in only one other church in the area, that at St Wilfrid in South Stainley.[30] Some of the supporting columns have been dated to the 12th century.[31]

A chancel is known to have been on the eastern end of the church, but this was removed at some unknown date, and the access arch through the east side was walled up.[24] The pantile roof is modern, the original being installed (c. 1908), but a more modern roof was installed c. 1950.[29] A new roof is being installed over 2020 and 2021 with Welsh slate.[10] A plaque dedicated to No. 608 Squadron RAF, who were formed at RAF Thornaby in 1930, is affixed to one of the church's walls.[1]

Parish[edit]

The current Contracted minister of the church is the deacon Tom Desics, who was appointed in March 2020.[32] Previously, the church (and parish) were located in the Deanery of Cleveland.[14] It is now in the Deanery of Middlesbrough, the Archdeaconry of Cleveland, and the Diocese of York.[33]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ South Stockton and Thornaby were merged into one township on 6 October 1892.[13]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Old Church of St Peter, Thornaby". riverteesrediscovered.com. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  2. ^ "St Peter ad Vincula Church | Stockton Heritage". heritage.stockton.gov.uk. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  3. ^ a b Proud, Keith (2 May 2007). "Echo Memories - How Thornaby turned into a pottery town". The Northern Echo. p. 22. ISSN 2043-0442.
  4. ^ a b c Palmer 2020, p. 57.
  5. ^ Robson, Don (28 May 2011). "Teesside Trivia". Teesside Gazette. p. 11. ISSN 2056-6131.
  6. ^ Lloyd, Chris (22 March 2008). "Stepping into the shadow". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  7. ^ McCall 1911, p. 237.
  8. ^ "Explore georeferenced maps - Map images - National Library of Scotland". maps.nls.uk. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  9. ^ "Chapter CO9: Thornaby Green. Conservation Area Appraisal - PDF Free Download" (PDF). stockton.gov.uk. p. 4. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  10. ^ a b c Palmer 2020, p. 56.
  11. ^ "Parishes: Stockton on Tees | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  12. ^ Royle, Edward; Larsen, Ruth M (2006). Archbishop Thomson's visitation returns for the diocese of York, 1865. York: Borthwick Publications. p. 436. ISBN 978-1-904497-17-2.
  13. ^ "How town's times have changed since the Vikings". Evening Gazette. 26 August 2014. p. 2. ISSN 2056-6131.
  14. ^ a b Lawton, George (1840). Collectio rerum ecclesiasticarum de dioecesi Eboracensi; or, Collections relative to the churches and chapels within the diocese of York: to which are added, collections relative to the churches and chapels within the diocese of Ripon. London: J G & F Rivington. p. 503. OCLC 315574175.
  15. ^ White, William (1840). History, gazetteer, and directory, of the East and North Ridings of Yorkshire. Leeds: Baines & Newsome. p. 705. OCLC 866211545.
  16. ^ Chapman, Hannah, ed. (2 October 2020). "£3,000 Grant backed to repair church". Darlington & Stockton Times. No. 40–2020. p. 16. ISSN 2516-5348.
  17. ^ Horton, Minnie C. (1979). The story of Cleveland : history, anecdote, and legend. Middlesbrough: Cleveland County Libraries. p. 163. ISBN 0904784096.
  18. ^ "Genuki: Stainton, Yorkshire (North Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  19. ^ Wilcox, Anthony J (1998). Yorkshire: North and East Ridings and York Volume 11, Part 2 of National Index of Parish Registers: A Guide to Anglican, Roman Catholic and Non-Conformist Registers Together with Information on Bishop's Transcripts, Modern Copies and Marriage Licences, Society of Genealogists (Great Britain) National index of parish registers. London: Society of Genealogists. p. 216. ISBN 1859510876.
  20. ^ "Genuki: THORNABY ON TEES: Geographical and Historical information from the year 1890., Yorkshire (North Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  21. ^ McCall 1911, p. 239.
  22. ^ "District News - Stockton-on-Tees". The York Herald. No. 5, 050. Column D. 25 September 1869. p. 10.
  23. ^ "Parish register transcripts" (PDF). ndfhs.org.uk. p. 21. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  24. ^ a b "Chapter CO9: Thornaby Green. Conservation Area Appraisal - PDF Free Download" (PDF). stockton.gov.uk. p. 5. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  25. ^ "Old Church of St Peter, Thornaby, Stockton on Tees | Educational Images | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  26. ^ "Parishes: Stainton | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  27. ^ Hayes, Raymond Harland; Spratt, D A (1995). Moorland monuments : studies in the archaeology of north-east Yorkshire in honour of Raymond Hayes and Don Spratt. York: Council for British Archaeology. p. 82. ISBN 1872414559.
  28. ^ a b McCall 1911, p. 238.
  29. ^ a b Historic England. "Old Church of St Peter, Thornaby (Grade II*) (1139917)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  30. ^ "St Wilfrid, South Stainley, church, Yorkshire, West Riding". crsbi.ac.uk. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  31. ^ Lang, James (2001). Corpus of Anglo-Saxon stone sculpture in England. Oxford: Published for the British Academy by the Oxford University Press. p. 293. ISBN 0-19-726256-2.
  32. ^ "Appointments". The Church Times. 6 March 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  33. ^ "S. Peter ad Vincula". www.achurchnearyou.com. Retrieved 8 October 2020.

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

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