English: Vitamin B6 is a group term for pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxamine (PM) and their 5'-phosphorylated derivatives pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP), which are also referred to as vitamers. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is the biochemically active form, and is an essential cofactor in all living systems. Most bacteria, archaebacteria, fungi, and plants synthesize PLP in a single reaction, called pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis II or DXP independient, although some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, use a longer, more complex pathway (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis I, or DXP dependient).

The SVG code is valid.   This structural formula was created with ChemSketch.    This structural formula uses embedded text for its chemistry symbols. This graphic of a chemical compound or chemical reaction was sketched in a freeware version of ChemSketch , with the Carbohydr. Res. (2003) structure drawing style. Then it was copied and pasted into Inkscape, and saved as .svg.

References:

• Fitzpatrick TB, Amrhein N, Kappes B, Macheroux P, Tews I, Raschle T (2007). "Two independent routes of de novo vitamin B6 biosynthesis: not that different after all." Biochem J 407(1);1-13. PMID: 17822383

• Garrido-Franco M (2003). "Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase: de novo synthesis of vitamin B6 and beyond." Biochim Biophys Acta 1647(1-2);92-7. PMID: 12686115

• John RA (1995). "Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes." Biochim Biophys Acta 1248(2);81-96. PMID: 7748903

• Lam HM, Tancula E, Dempsey WB, Winkler ME (1992). "Suppression of insertions in the complex pdxJ operon of Escherichia coli K-12 by lon and other mutations." J Bacteriol 1992;174(5);1554-67. PMID: 1537800

• Sakai A, Kita M, Tani Y (2004). "Recent progress of vitamin B6 biosynthesis." J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 50(2);69-77. PMID: 15242009

• Sivaraman J, Li Y, Banks J, Cane DE, Matte A, Cygler M (2003). "Crystal structure of Escherichia coli PdxA, an enzyme involved in the pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis pathway." J Biol Chem 278(44);43682-90. PMID: 12896974

• Yang Y, Zhao G, Man TK, Winkler ME (1998). "Involvement of the gapA- and epd (gapB)-encoded dehydrogenases in pyridoxal 5'-phosphate coenzyme biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12." J Bacteriol 1998;180(16);4294-9. PMID: 9696782

• Banks J, Cane DE (2004). "Biosynthesis of vitamin B6: direct identification of the product of the PdxA-catalyzed oxidation of 4-hydroxy-l-threonine-4-phosphate using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry." Bioorg Med Chem Lett 14(7);1633-6. PMID: 15026039

• Boschi-Muller S, Azza S, Pollastro D, Corbier C, Branlant G (1997). "Comparative enzymatic properties of GapB-encoded erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli and phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase." J Biol Chem 272(24);15106-12. PMID: 9182530

• Cane DE, Hsiung Y, Cornish JA, Robinson JK, Spenser ID (1998). "Biosynthesis of Vitamin B6: The Oxidation of 4-(Phosphohydroxy)-L-threonine by PdxA." J Am Chem Soc 1998; 120:1936-1937.

• Cane, D.E., Hsiung, Y., Cornish, J.A., Robinson, J.K., Spenser, I.D. (1998). "Biosynthesis of vitamine B6: The oxidation of L-threonine 4-phosphate by PdxA." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120:1936-1937.

• Clarke SJ, Low B, Konigsberg WH (1973). "Close linkage of the genes serC (for phosphohydroxy pyruvate transaminase) and serS (for seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase) in Escherichia coli K-12." J Bacteriol 113(3);1091-5. PMID: 4570768

• Di Salvo M, Yang E, Zhao G, Winkler ME, Schirch V (1998). "Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant Escherichia coli pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase." Protein Expr Purif 1998;13(3);349-56. PMID: 9693059

• di Salvo ML, Safo MK, Musayev FN, Bossa F, Schirch V (2003). "Structure and mechanism of Escherichia coli pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase." Biochim Biophys Acta 1647(1-2);76-82. PMID: 12686112

• Drewke C, Klein M, Clade D, Arenz A, Muller R, Leistner E (1996). "4-O-phosphoryl-L-threonine, a substrate of the pdxC(serC) gene product involved in vitamin B6 biosynthesis." FEBS Lett 1996;390(2);179-82. PMID: 8706854

• Duncan K, Coggins JR (1986). "The serC-aro A operon of Escherichia coli. A mixed function operon encoding enzymes from two different amino acid biosynthetic pathways." Biochem J 1986;234(1);49-57. PMID: 3518706

• Estevez JM, Cantero A, Romero C, Kawaide H, Jimenez LF, Kuzuyama T, Seto H, Kamiya Y, Leon P (2000). "Analysis of the expression of CLA1, a gene that encodes the 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway in Arabidopsis." Plant Physiol 124(1);95-104. PMID: 10982425

• Franco MG, Laber B, Huber R, Clausen T (2001). "Structural basis for the function of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase." Structure 9(3);245-53. PMID: 11286891

• Han YS, Sabbioni C, van der Heijden R, Verpoorte R (2003). "High-performance liquid chromatography assay for 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase activity using fluorescence detection." J Chromatogr A 986(2);291-6. PMID: 12597635

• GOA01: GOA, MGI (2001). "Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping." Genomics 74;121-128.

• GOA01a: GOA, DDB, FB, MGI, ZFIN (2001). "Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms."

• GOA06: GOA, SIB (2006). "Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by transferring manual GO annotations between orthologous microbial proteins.